2014动名词_初中语法较深.ppt
Gerund 动名词非谓语动词形式之一非谓语动词形式之一构成与特征构成与特征1.构成构成动词原形动词原形 + ing2.特征特征 兼有名词和动词的特兼有名词和动词的特征和作用征和作用名词特征与作用名词特征与作用主要表现在于主要表现在于在句子中充当了在句子中充当了主语主语或或者者宾语宾语，还可以受，还可以受形容形容词词，代词代词和和名词名词的修饰，的修饰，前面也可以加前面也可以加冠词冠词1.1：作主语作主语Talking like that is not polite. 那样谈话不礼貌。那样谈话不礼貌。Learning from others is important . 向别人学习很重要。向别人学习很重要。 Note: A. no use, useless, no good, no use, useless, no good, fun, nice, interesting fun, nice, interesting 等名等名词或形容词做表语时，可用词或形容词做表语时，可用itit做做形式主语形式主语(subject in form)(subject in form)，把作主语的动名词把作主语的动名词后置后置。 1.It is dangerous your swimming in this river.你在这条河里游泳很危险。你在这条河里游泳很危险。在这里等是没有用的。在这里等是没有用的。2.It is no use waiting here. 3.Its great fun _ (sail) a boat. 4.Its so nice _ (sit) here with you. 5.Its useless _ (speak).sailingsittingspeakingB.there is no +动名词动名词 此结构表示：此结构表示：“不可能，不可能，无法无法”，相当于：，相当于： “it is impossible to do ” 结构，这种结构中，动名结构，这种结构中，动名词起主语作用词起主语作用。There is no bearing with such a rude man. 若要人不知，除非己莫为若要人不知，除非己莫为。这种粗野的人是无法容忍的。这种粗野的人是无法容忍的。There is no hiding of evil but not to do it .Lets do it together:这样的人不可信。这样的人不可信。There is not to trust such a man.There is no trusting such a man.True False1.2 作表语作表语His hobby is collecting stamps.他的爱好是收集邮票。他的爱好是收集邮票。His aim is everybody having a good time.他的目的是大家都玩得愉快他的目的是大家都玩得愉快。例题分析例题分析1.The teacher doesnt permit _ (smoke) in class.smokingbeing treated2. I cant really stand _ (be treated) like that.1.3作动词的宾语作动词的宾语 动词后加动名词动词后加动名词doing作宾语作宾语 V. + doing sth enjoy 喜欢喜欢 finish完成完成admit 承认承认 appreciate 赞赏赞赏avoid 避免避免 suggest 建议建议consider 考虑考虑 imagine 想象想象He admitted taking the watch.他承认拿了手表。他承认拿了手表。Would you mind my turning on the radio?你不介意我开收音机吧？你不介意我开收音机吧？1.4 作介词的宾语作介词的宾语He is interested in singing songs.He left the room without saying goodbye to us all. 常见的词组包括常见的词组包括：give up depend onsucceed in put off devote to get used tolook forward to object to我盼望着能收到你的回信我盼望着能收到你的回信I am looking forward to_ you. hear from hearing from Lets do it together:1.5 做定语及状语做定语及状语 A.动名词有时也可以做定语。动名词有时也可以做定语。 No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room.阅览室阅览室里不准大声说话。里不准大声说话。A walking stick拐杖，手杖拐杖，手杖A stick for walkingB B . .虽然动名词本身不能做状语，虽然动名词本身不能做状语，但放在介词后面可起状语作用但放在介词后面可起状语作用。 1.After getting up in the morning, he went out for a walk.（表示什么呢？）（表示什么呢？）（表时间（表时间） 2.They went out to the front by riding in truck. 3.Jim was praised for having broken a record.（表方式）（表方式）（表原因）（表原因）（表示什么呢？）（表示什么呢？）（表示什么呢？）（表示什么呢？）2.22.2动名词的复合结构动名词的复合结构在一般情况下，句子的主在一般情况下，句子的主语就是动名词的逻辑主语。语就是动名词的逻辑主语。Would you mind opening the window?Would you mind my opening the window?请请您您把窗子打开，您不介意吧把窗子打开，您不介意吧？我我把窗子打开，您不介意吧把窗子打开，您不介意吧？名词属格名词属格或或物主代词物主代词后后加动名词，即构成动名加动名词，即构成动名词复合结构。在此结构词复合结构。在此结构中，名词属格或物主代中，名词属格或物主代词是动名词的词是动名词的逻辑主语逻辑主语。逻辑主语的一般规则逻辑主语的一般规则：1 1）逻辑主语是有生命名词时，）逻辑主语是有生命名词时，用名词或代词所有用名词或代词所有格。格。Toms coming is what we have expected.(有生命有生命)His leaving is a great loss.(有生命）有生命）Note:动名词做动名词做主语主语时，其逻辑时，其逻辑主语只用主语只用所有格所有格；若做；若做宾宾语语，逻辑主语也可用，逻辑主语也可用通格通格。Mother disliked me working late./mytrueI working late is bad for my health.falseMe working late is bad for my health.truefalseMy working late is bad for my health.2)2)逻辑主语是无生命名词逻辑主语是无生命名词或抽象概念名词时，只用或抽象概念名词时，只用通通格。格。 She is fond of coffee being served after dinner. 她喜欢饭后喝点咖啡。（无生命）她喜欢饭后喝点咖啡。（无生命）3）逻辑主语是以）逻辑主语是以s s结尾的结尾的名词或是一个以上名词构名词或是一个以上名词构成的词组，只用通格。成的词组，只用通格。 It was quite unexpected the students finishing the exam so soon.(s结尾结尾)His sister Helen getting married last week was a great event in the town. (名词词组）名词词组） I am doubtful of this being the best choice.(指示代词）指示代词）4）逻辑主语是数词、指示）逻辑主语是数词、指示代词或不定代词代词或不定代词this, that, somebody, someone, none, nobody, anybody, anyone时，一般用通格时，一般用通格Note: A.A.动名词在动名词在need, want, need, want, deserve, repay, require, deserve, repay, require, bear, takebear, take等表示等表示“需要、需要、值得、该受、忍受、经受值得、该受、忍受、经受”等动词及形容词等动词及形容词 worth worth 后面，后面，经常以经常以主动形式主动形式表表被动意义被动意义。 The old watch is past _.The beauty of the West Lake is really beyond _.这支旧手表已经无法再修理了这支旧手表已经无法再修理了。西湖之美真是难以描绘西湖之美真是难以描绘。repairdescriberepairingdescribingB.B.在介词在介词past,beyondpast,beyond之后，也要用动名词之后，也要用动名词主主动形式表示被动含义动形式表示被动含义2.4 动名词与现在分词的区别动名词与现在分词的区别2.4.1 做定语时做定语时与所修饰的名词的关系与所修饰的名词的关系现在分词现在分词 1.1.表名词的表名词的动作动作2.2.逻辑上有逻辑上有主谓关系主谓关系动名词动名词1.1.表名词的表名词的性质性质2.2.逻辑上逻辑上无主谓关系无主谓关系A sleeping childA sleeping car熟睡的孩子熟睡的孩子熟睡的车子熟睡的车子卧车卧车The child is sleeping.Lets do it together: A dripping tap滴水的水龙头滴水的水龙头候车室候车室游泳池游泳池劳动人民劳动人民A waiting roomSwimming poolWorking people现现动动动动现现Lets do it together:What he likes best is making jokesMaking jokes is what he likes best. The news sounds encouraging.不是动名词不是动名词是动名词是动名词 1.These young trees require _ (look) after carefully. 2.I cant stand _ _(you, think)like that. 3.Please excuse _ _(I, interrupt) you.lookingyour/youthinkingmy/meinterruptingThats all for Gerund.
