2022年中考英语定语从句复习 .pdf

读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思第十讲定语从句用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。一词引导的定语从句1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词例： This is the detective who came from London. 例： The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy. 例： The desk whose leg is broken is very old. 例： This is the room that Shakespeare was born in. 关系代词的用法(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that ，不用 which 。例如：All the people that are present burst into tears. (2) 如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, some, very 等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用 which, who ，或 whom 。例如：(3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如：There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom 、are well educated. (4) which 还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which 可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。例如：He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy. (5) that 可指人或物，在从句中作表语，（指人作主语时多用who）仅用于限制性定语从句中。(6) which 可作表语，既可指人，以可指物。指人时，一般指从事某种职业或是有种特征品性或才能的人。Which引导的定语从句可以限制性的，也可以是非限制性的。(7) 如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which; 若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who 。(8) 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that 。例如：The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely. (9) 如果先行词是 anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应该用 who 或whom ，不用 which 。例如：Is there anyone here who will go with you? “介词关系代词“是一个普遍使用的结构(1) “介词关系代词“可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 13 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思“介词关系代词“结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，关系代词只可用whom 或 which,不可用 that 。(2) from where为“介词关系副词“结构，但也可以引导定语从句。例如： We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town. (3) 像 listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如： This is the boy whom she has taken care of. 二关系副词引导的定语从句1关系副词也可以引导定语从句关系副词在从句中分别表示时间地点或原因。 关系副词 when在从句中充当时间状语， where 充当地点状语，why充当原因状语。2. that可引导定语从句表示时间地点或原因That 有时可以代替关系副词 when, where 或者 why引导定语从句表示时间地点或原因，在 that引导的这种定语从句中，that 也可以省去。三限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1二者差异比较限制定语从句紧跟先行词，同先行词这间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词，可以由关系代词关系副词或that 来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用that 引导。2关系代词和关系副词的选择依据(1) 弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分, 作状语的应选用关系副词，作主语宾语或表语的可选用关系代词。3. 先行词与定语从句隔离定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分，构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。例如：1) This is the article written by him that Is poke to you about. 2) He was the only person in this country who was invited 四 As在定语从句中的用法1. 引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句（） as多与 such 或the same 连用，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。（） as 也可单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句，作用相当于which 。例如：The elephant s nose is like a snake, as anybody can see. （） the same that与 the same as在意思上是不同的。2As引导的非限制性定语从句的位置as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，但which 所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。例如：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 13 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思(1) As is expected, the England team won the football match. (2) The earth runs around the sun, as is known by everyone. 五学习定语从句的几个问题定语从句又称为关系从句，是最常见的从句之一，每年高考题对之均有考查。( 一 )、定语从句中关系代词与先行词的一致性定语从句中关系代词一般应与它所指代的先行词的单复数保持主谓一致。例如：The students who were here just now are from No,2 Senior Middle School. 但注意下列一组句子：He is the only one of the students who was here just now. He is one of the students who were here just now. 如果 one of +复数名词 后跟有定语从句，一般情况下one of后的复数名词为先行词，但当 one前有 the only,the very,just the修饰时，先行词则为one。( 二 )、定语从句与强调结构It is the place where they lived before. It is in the place that they lived before. 第一个句子为定语从句，where指代 the place, 在定语从句中作状语，第二个句子为强调结构，强调in the place,that没有意义，把in the place 放回后面句子，句子意思完整。Where is it that he found the lost watch?(强调句型，强调疑问副词where) 。Where is the watch that he found yesterday.(定语从句， that 指代 the watch) ( 三 )、定语从句与并列结构He has two sons,neither of whom looks like him. He has two sons,and neither of them looks like him. Ive got two sisters.Both of them are in Shanghai. 第一个句子为定语从句，关系代词whom 指代 two sons,在定语从名中介词of 的宾语。第二个句子为并列结构，由并列连词and连接，人称代词them指代 two sons 。第三个为两个独立的句子，两个句子中间用句号，两句开头的处一个字母都大写。( 四 )、定语从句与状语从句He found the books where he had put. He found the books in the place where he had put. 第一个句子为状语从句，where he had put 作主句 He found the books 的地点状语。第二个句子为定语从句，where引导从句修饰the place。This is such an interesting book that Idlike to read it. This is such an interesting book as Id like to read. 第一个句子为结果状语从句，在结果状语从句中，it 指代 book, 作read 的宾语。第二个句子为定语从句，关系代词as指代先行词 book的定语从句中 read 的宾语。( 五 )、定语从句中的先行词Is this book the one that you bought yesterday? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 13 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思Is this the book that you bought yesterday? 第一个句子中，this book是主句的主语，the one 是先行词。在第二个句子中this是主句的主语，the book 是先行词。一定要避免出现：Is this book that you bought yesterday? ( 六 )、定语从句与同位语从句定语从句相当于形容词，它对先行词起修饰、描述或限制作用，而同位语从句则相当于名词， 它对其前面的词给予说明或作进一步解释，即说明该词所表示的具体内容。例如：The news that we heard is not true.(定语从句 ) The news that he won the prize is not true.(同位语从句 ) 另：在 have no idea+从句 结构中，其从句都作idea 的同位语。例如：I have no idea when she will be back. 六、定语从句易犯小错误由于定语从句的结构和用法比较复杂，初学者在使用时往往容易犯一些错误，最常见的有如下七种：( 一) 、在定语从句中加了多余的定语。如：1误： Some of the boys I invited them didnt come 正： Some of the boys I invited didnt come 译：我邀请的男孩中有几个没有来。析：应删去 them，因为从句的宾语是省略了的whom ， who 或that 。2误： The book that you need it is in the library正： The book that you need is in the library译：你需要的书在图书馆里。析：应删去 it ，因为从句的宾语是关系代词that 。( 二) 、把定语从句谓语动词的单、复数弄错。如：1误： Anyone who break the law will be punished正： Anyone who breaks the law will be punished译：任何违犯法律的人将被处罚。析：应改 break 为breaks ，因为 who指anyone，是单数。2误： Those who has finished may go home正： Those who have finished may go home译：做完了的人现在可以回家。析：应改 has为 have，因为 who指those ，是复数。3误： He is the only one of the teachers who know French in our school正： He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school译：他是我们学校中唯一懂法语的人。析：应改 know为knows，因为 one前有 the only之类限定词，定语从句在意义上修饰的是 the only one，是单数，而不是复数名词the teachers。4误： This is one of the rooms that is free now精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 13 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思正： This is one of the rooms that are free now译：这是目前空着的房间之一。析：应改 is 为are ，因为 one前没有 the only之类的限定词，定语从句在意义上修饰的是名词复数 the rooms ，而不是单数 one。( 三) 、误省略了定语从句中作主语的关系代词。如：1误： Children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth正： Children who that eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth译：吃糖多的孩子往往牙齿不好。析：应加上关系代词who或that ，因为从句少主语，且主语不能省略。2误： The key opens the bike is missing正： The key thatwhich opens the bike is missing译：开这辆自行车的钥匙不见了。析：应加上关系代词that 或which ，因为从句少主语，且主语不能省略。( 四) 、定语从句中加了多余的关系副词或介词。如：1误： The house where he lives in needs repairing正： The house where he lives needs repairing或： The house he lives in needs repairing译：他住的房子需要修理。析：应保留 where，删去从句中的in ，因为关系副词where在从句中作地点状语，in属多余。 或删去关系副词where， 因为 where在这里的意思是in which ，否则介词 in 就重复了。2误： I still remember the day on when I first came to Beijing正： I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing或： I still remember the day on which I first came to Beijing译：我仍记得我第一次来到北京那天的情景。析：应删去 on，因为 when在这里的意思是on which ，否则介词 on就重复了， 或把 when改为 which( 五) 、在作先行词的时间名词或地点名词后错用了关系代词或关系副词。1误： I still remember the day when we spent together正： I still remember the day thatwhich we spent together译：我仍记得我们在一起度过的日子。析：应改 when为that 或 which，因为从句中谓语动词spent 是及物动词，其后应跟宾语而不是时间状语。2误： This is the house where we lived in last year正： This is the house whichthat we lived in last year译：这是我们去年住过的那个房子。析：应改 where为 which或 that ，因为从句谓语动词lived 后有介词 in ，其后少介词宾语，而不是地点状语。( 六) 、在先行词 reason 后错用关系副词why。如：1误： Have you asked her for the reason why may explain her absence？精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 13 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思正： Have you asked her for the reason thatwhich may explain her absence ？译：你是否向他问过可以解释他缺席的原因？析：应改 why为 that 或which ，因为定语从句缺少主语，而不是少原因状语。2误： I don t believe the reason why he has given for his being late正：I dont believe the reason that which he has given for his being late 译：我不相信他所提供的他迟到的原因。析：应改 why为 that 或which ，因为从句谓语动词has given 后缺少宾语，而不是缺少原因状语。( 七) 、误将强调句型当定语从句。如：1误： It was in the kitchen where the fire broke out正： It was in the kitchen that the fire broke out译：大火发生在厨房。析：应将 where改that ，因为原句还原为The fire broke out in the kitchen后，在语法和句意上均成立，故此题是强调句型，而非定语从句。2误： Was it because it snowed last night when you didnt come ？正： Was it because it snowed last night that you didnt come ？译：你是否因昨晚下雪而没有来？析：应将when改为 that ， 因为，原句还原为 Because it snowed last night ， you didnt come后，在语法和句意上均成立，故此题是强调句型而非定语从句。七定语从句的注意事项1. 一般说来，除了用定语从句解释名词或泛指外，先行词前应有定冠词the 。2. 在限制性定语从句中which,whom,that充当宾语时，可以省略。 而在非限制性定语从句中whom,who,which 不能省略。3. 在含有非限制性定语从句的复合句中从句与主句之间应该用逗号隔开。4. 定语从句与同位语从句的区别。首先看引导从句的关系词that 是否在从句中充当句子成分。如果在从句中充当主、宾、表，则是定语从句。再看that前 的 名 词 是 否 是 一 些 需 要 有 内 容 的 名 词 ， 如 ：idea,fact,thought,news等。后面的从句是说明其内容的， （这个名词在后面的从句中部充当任何成分） ， 这个从句则是同位语从句。 He expressed the hope that he has had for many years. hope在从句中不充当句子成分， 又加上后面从句是说明hope 的内容的，因此时同位语从句。5.the reason why(=for which)是由 why或 for which引导的定语从句。而 the reason that也是 that 引导的定语从句。 that 往往省略。This is the reason why he was late. =This is the reason (that)he was late. 6. 当主句中有 who,which 时，而定语从句中也要用到who或 which 时，为了避免 who who,whichwhich 等重叠，定语从句用that 引导。Who is the man that is standing by the door? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 13 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思Which of the two cows that you keep produces more milk? 7. 先行词为人和物作并列成分时，定语从句用that 引导。John and his dog that were here a moment ago disappear now. 8. 不论人或物在定语从句中作表语时，用that引导定语从句，而that通常省掉。 He is no longer the man that he was. 9. “one of 可数名词复数”引导的定语从句中, 谓语动词应用复数；而“one of 可数名词复数”前有the ，only 或 the only修饰，定语从句中的谓语动词用单数。He is one of the students who study very hard at school. He is the(only/the only) one of the students who studies very hard at school. 初中英语分类练习定语从句定语从句专练（一）1.The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2.Do you know the man _? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4.Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the day _Ill never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6.The factory _well visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8.This is one of the best films _. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book _the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10.The pen _he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12.The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 13 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom 13.It there anyone in your class _family is in the country? A. who B. whos C. which D. whose 14.Im interested in _you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which 15.I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as 16.He isnt such a man _he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as 17.He is good at English, _we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what 18.Li Ming, _to the concert enjoyed it very much. A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him 19.I dont like _ as you read. A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels 20.He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what 21.The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing. A. which B. that C. whom D. who 22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women. A. them B. which C. whom D. who 23.Youre the only person _Ive ever met _could do it. A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who 24.I lost a book, _I cant remember now. A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that 25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, _Hangzhou is famous in the world. A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what 26.I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV. A. that B. which C. as D. it 27.I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together. A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when 28.The way _he looks at problems is wrong. A. which B. whose C. what D./ 29.This is the reason _he didnt come to the meeting. A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which 30.This machine, _for many years, is still working perfectly. A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked after C. that I have looked after D. I have looked after 31.The reason _he didnt come was _he was ill. A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what 32.He is working hard, _will make him pass the final exam. A.that B.which C.for which D.who 33.That is not the way _I do it. A./ B.which C.for which D.with which 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 13 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思34.I have two grammars, _are of great use. A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which 35.I want to use the same tools _used in your factory a few days ago. A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which 36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _ was very kind of them. A. who B. which C. that D. it 37.This is the magazine _ I copied the paragraph. A. that B. which C. from that D. from which 38.He is not such a man _ would leave his work half done. A. that B. which C. who D. as 39. You can depend on whatever promise _ he makes. A. / B. why C. when D. whose 40. Smoking, _ is a bad habit, is, however, popular. A. that B. which C. it D. though 41. - Did you ask the guard _ happened? - Yes, he told me all _ he knew. A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that 42. I shall never forget those years _ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _ has a great effect on my life. A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which 43. The number of the people who _ cars _ increasing. A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are 44. During the days _, he worked as a servant at the Browns. A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that followed 45. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it 46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _ he could see _ was going on inside house. A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what; that 47. Is _ some German friends visited last week? A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where 48. John got beaten in the game, _ had been expected. A. as B. that C. what D. who 49. I have bought two ballpens, _ writes well. A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which 50. All that can be eaten _ eaten up. A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been 定语从句专练(二) 1. Don t talk about such things of _ you are not sure. A. which B. what C. as D. those 2. Is this the factory _ you visited the other day? A. that B. where