2022年中考英语词汇归类复习 .pdf
读书破万卷下笔如有神中考英语词汇归类复习一、从用法上复习归纳词汇,过语法关英语词汇大多具有本身词义外, 还有其语法功能, 我们在复习时就不要把着眼点单纯放在单词记忆上,而要从它们的语法功能上去把握它们。如在复习动词时我们就要根据它们变化形式多、搭配活跃等特点,从它们的用法上进行分类记忆。这样,既可记住词汇,又可攻克语法难关。1.宾语不同,意义也不同英语中有些动词可同时后接不定式和动名词作宾语,但意义不同。它们是高考试题的考查重点。这类词主要有:go on doing (继续干同一件事)go on to do (接着去干另一件事)stop doing sth. (停止正在干的事)stop to do sth. (停下来去干某事)regret doing (后悔干了某事)regret to do (相当于 be sorry to do )forget/remember doing (忘记记得已做过的事)forget/rem-ember to do(忘记记得要干的事)mean doing (意味着干 ) mean to do (想干 )try doing(尝试做) try to do(设法做)(95高考) You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.Well,now I regret_ _that. A.to do B.to be doing C.to have done D.having done (92高考) I usually go there by train.Why not_by boat for a change? A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going (87高考) They would not allow him_across the line. A.to risk going B.risking going C.for risk to go D.risk going 2.都可接宾语和宾补,形式却不同某些动词如 forbid,advise,allow,permit,admit,consider等直接接动词作宾语时要用动名词,但接宾补时,宾补要用不定式。如:We forbid smoking here.(宾语)We forbid you to smoke here. (宾补)You are forbidden to smoke here.(主补)3.宾语不同、语态不同,意义却相同有些词如 need,require,want,deserve等后可接不定式(要用被动形式) ,可接动名词(要用主动形式表被动意义) ,可与 worth,worthy 一并记忆。两种形式意义相同。如: The room requires to be cleaned/cleaning. (85高考) This sentence needs_. A.an improvement B.improve C.improving D.improved 4.只接不定式作宾语的词和词组只接不定式作宾语的词和词组有:decide,expect,refuse,wish,hope,order,promise,pretend,offer,happen,seem,make up ones mind,used,be about,be able,have等。如: (89高考) She pretended_me when I passed by. A.not to see B.not seeing C.to not see D.having not seen 5.只接动名词作宾语的词和词组只接动名词作宾语的词和词组:mind,risk,avoid,enjoy,escape,keep,suggest,appreciate,practise,delay,finish,fee精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 5 页读书破万卷下笔如有神l like,look forward to,cant help,keep(on),miss,be usedto,excuse,be worth,imagine ,put off,give up等。如:(92高考) I would appreciate_back this afternoon.A.you to call B.you call C.your calling D.you are calling (87高考)The squirrel was lucky that it just missed_.A.catching B.to be caught C.being caught D.to catch 6.系动词系动词后可用名词、不定式、分词和形容词等作表语,这类词有:表感观的系动词: look,sound,taste,smell,feel,seem,appear(这些词用形容词作表语)表变化的系动词:become,get,turn,grow,make,come,go,fall,run表依旧的系动词: remain,keep,stay,continue,stand,rest,lie,hold 可带名词作表语的系动词:be,become,make,look,sound,fall,prove,remain,turn(该词后接的单数名词前多不用冠词。如: He turned teacher. ) (91高考) These oranges taste_.A.good B.well C.to be good D.to be well 7.含被动意味的动词有些动词,如sell,open,close,wash,teach,burn,measure,cut,lock,cost,read,write,tear,wear,pull, clean,add,cook,let (出租)等,它们的主语是事物,且又是表示主语的固有特征和状态,与行为方式状语连用时,要用主动形式表被动意义:My pen writes smoothly. 我的笔好写。 Oil burns easily. 油易燃烧。(88高考)That suit_over 60 dollars.A.had costed B.costed C.is cost D.cost (97高考)Is this raincoat yours?No,mine_there behind the door.A.is hanging B.has hung C.hangs D.hung 8.具有两种形式的易混动词中学英语教材中有些不规则动词有两种过去式或两种过去分词形式,使用或考测时极易弄混。如:hang,hanged,hanged (绞死) hang,hung,hung (挂起)light,lit,lit (点燃,作谓语) light,lighted,lighted (过去分词作形容词用时,意谓燃烧着的 ,作定语)drink,drank,drunk/drunken (喝,饮;过去分词作形容词同时,意谓醉的,drunk 多作表语, drunke n 多作定语)sink,sank,sunk/sunken (下沉;过去分词sunken 作形容词用时,作定语)bear,bore,born(出生)bear,bore,borne (结果;生育)The woman,who was born in 1940,has borne five children. lie(撒谎) , lied, lied, lying lie (躺,卧,位于),lay, lain, lying (89高考) Do you know the boy_under the big tree? A.lay B.lain C.laying D.lying 二、从搭配上复习归纳词汇,过习语关英语词汇的搭配十分活跃, 复习时我们要把重点放在某些常用的动词、名词或介词、副词。我们可按下列方式进行对比归纳。1.常用的搭配活跃的名词 : 常用的搭配较活跃的名词有:精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 5 页读书破万卷下笔如有神time,way,moment,means等。 如time 的搭配短语在中学教材中出现有: in no time(立刻 ,马上) ,on time(按时) ,in time(及时、迟早、最终) ,at a time(一次) ,behind the times (落伍) ,behind time (不及时 ,晚点) ,at one time (曾经) ,for a time(一度) , at othe r times(其它时候,平素) , at times(有时候), at all times(一直 ,经常)(93高考) If you keep on,you will succeed_.A.in time B.at one time C.on time D.at the same time (94高考)Dont all speak at once!_,please.A.Each at on time B.One by one time C.One for each time D.One at a time 2.常用的搭配活跃的动词 : 常用的搭配活跃的动词有:look,take,make,give,get,have,go,do,turn,put,set,come等。 复习时我们要尽量将具有相反意义的介词、副词与同一动词的搭配罗列在一起对比记忆,如turn 一词:turn on(打开) ,turn off(关上) ,turn up(放大音量等;出现),turn down(放小音量等; 拒绝) ,turn in(上交) ,turn against (反对) ,turn out(生产) ,turn away (避开)(81高考)Would you mind_your radio a little? A.turn off B.turning off C.to turn down D.turning down (92高考) Readers can_quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word. A.get over B.get out of C.get away D.get off 3.常用的搭配活跃的介词、副词: 搭配活跃的介词、副词有:in,out,up,down,on,off,to,from,for,over,with等。复习时,我们要从不同动词、名词等与同一介词、副词搭配进行逐一过关,如on 的搭配有:on 与动词的搭配 : get on (上车船等),live on (以为生) ,feed on(以为生) ,take on(接受;雇用),turn on (打开开关电器等),look on(旁观) ,spy on(侦察窥探),call on(号召;拜访),go on(继续 ) ,have on(穿戴) ,dependon (依靠) ,wait on(侍候) ,carry on(执行) ,hold on(坚持) ,insi st on(坚持) ,play tr-icks on (戏弄) ,fix on(注视) ,impress on (留下印象)on 与名词搭配 (注意冠词的取舍) :on duty(值班) ,on business (因公;因事) ,on fire(燃烧) ,on show(展览) ,on time(准时) ,on strike(罢工) ,on watch (监视,观察),on sale (出售;大减价),on earth (到底,究竟),on journey(旅游) ,on foot(步行) ,on purpose(故意) ,on the way(在路上),on the contrary (相 反) ,on one hand(一方面),on the right(在右边) ,on the whole(总而言之),on ones own(独自 ) ,on ones side(支持,站在某一方),on holiday/leave (度假请假)其它情况: later on (后来) ,from now/then on (从现在那时起),on account of (由于,因为)(93高考)We offered him our congratulations_his passing the college entrance exams. A.at B.on C.for D.of (91高考)A new school was_in the village last year. A.held up B.set up C.sent up D.brought up 三、从对比词词组的同义、词序或结构等复习归纳词汇,过辨析关1.动作动词和结果动词 : 英语中有些动词虽然意义相同,但用法不同,有的表示某个动作, 而另一个则表示该动作所产生的结果,这类动词常见的有: look 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 5 页读书破万卷下笔如有神for(寻找) ,find(找到) ;look(看) ,see(看见) ;listen(听) ,hear(听到) ;try(试 图,不说明是否成功),manage (设法,侧重做到);advise (劝告,不说明是否劝成),persuade (劝服,侧重劝成功)(87高考) How can you_if you are not_? A.listen,hearing B.hear,listening C.be listening,heard D.be hearing,listened to 2.词序不同、意思就不同 : 有少量词组颠倒词序后意思和用法就不同了,常见的有: before long (不久以后),long before (很久以前) turn in (上交;就寝) ,in turn(按次序,轮流) hand in(上交) ,in hand (在手边) from far (来自远方) ,far from (离得远;远非) much too (非常,修饰形容词或副词) ,too much(太多,修饰名词,也可作名词)if only(要是 ) ,only if(只有)all in(精疲力尽),in all(总共) good for (对有好处) ,for good (永远)(95上海)It was_late to catch a bus after the party,therefore we called a taxi. A.too very B.much too C.too much D.far Before long,he moved to London and made London the base for his revolutionary work. It was not long before the whole country rose up and drove the Aus trians out of their homeland. 3.动词后有无介词,意思不同: 因有无介词而词义不同的动词在中学英语教材中较多,常见的如: search(对人、物或场所搜查) ,search for (搜寻人、物或场所)leave(离开某地),leave for(去某地) reach(到达;拿到) ,reach for(伸手去拿) prepare (准备) ,prepare for (为作准备) enter(进入) ,enter for(报名参加) run(经营;跑),run for (竞选) stand(站;忍受),stand for(代表) answer (回答) ,answer for (负责) know(了解,知道) ,know about(知道关于 )pay(付钱、债给某人) ,pay for (付钱买某物)The baby reached for the apple but he couldnt reach it.那婴儿伸手去拿苹果,但够不到。The mayor who used to run a small shop will run for the Senate.那个曾经营过一家小店的市长准备去竞选参议员。4.有无-ly,意思和用法都不同 : 这词在教材中较多。一般来说,在形容词后加了-ly 成了副词,但有些形容词不加-ly 时也可作副词,因而在使用或考测时学生常混淆不清,复习时可按用法分类记忆:a.表具体(无 -ly)和抽象(有 -ly)的区别: wide(宽广) ,widely(广泛地)deep(深) ,deeply (深深地) high(高,位置高),highly(高度地) low(位置低) ,lowly(地位卑微)b.有无-ly,意思不同:near(近,附近) ,nearly(几乎)hard(努力) ,hardly(几乎不) most(大部分),mostly (主要地) like(象一样) ,likely(大概,也许) dear(昂贵) ,dearly(深切地;昂贵地) close(靠近地),closely (密切地) late(迟到) ,lately(最近) bad (坏) ,badly(恶劣地;严重地)5.合写与分写时意思不同 :这类词在拼法上一样,但合写和分写在用法和意义上却不同,常见的词有:sometime (某个时候),some time (一段时间)sometimes (有时) ,some times (几次) everyday (adj.日常的 ,作定语),every day(每天) anyway(adv.无论怎样),any way(以任何方式) altogether(总共,完全),all together (一道,一起) already(已经) ,all ready(都已准备好) everyone (每个人,指人,不可接of 短语) ,every one (每个人或物,精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 5 页读书破万卷下笔如有神后可接 of 短语) none(没有,可指人或物),no one (没有,专指人)(95高考) They were all very tired,but_of them would stop to take a rest. A.any B.some C.none D.neither 6.差了一个字母 a,意思大不同 : 这类词不多,但在练习中极易出错,使用时也常混淆,因而要从用法和意义上加以辨别。如:alive(adj.活着的,作表语),live(adj.修饰物,作定语: a live fire )alone(adj.,adv. 独自,作形容词时作表语),lone(adj.孤独的;偏僻的 ,作定语)asleep (adj.熟睡的 ,常作表语),sleep(V.,n.睡着)awake (adj.,v.醒着;叫醒 ,作形容词时作表语),wake(v.叫醒)alike(adj.相象的,表语形容词),like(v.,prep.,adj. 喜欢;象 一样)arise(vi.产生;发生;出现) ,rise(vi.起来;上涨;上升)across (prep.,adv. 穿过;横过),cross(v.穿过;横过)await(vt.等候,直接接宾语),wait(vi.等候,不及物动词)aloud(adv.大声地 ,与 read,call,cry 等连用,无比较级形式),loud(adv.大声地,响亮地 , 常与 talk,speak,shout,laugh等词连用)注意:有 a-的形容词常作表语,作定语时则要后置。如:Its difficult for the man awake to fall asleep again. 四、归纳易拼错的常用词,过拼写关归纳易拼错的常用词如:quarrel,immerdiately,camera,umbrella,envelope,develop,popular,republic ,public,appreciate,pronunciation等,攻克单词拼写难关。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 5 页