2022年主谓一致-详解--超详细 .pdf

精品资料欢迎下载1、形式一致主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式主语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式2、语意一致谓语动词用单数的清况1）当名词词组中心词为表示金钱、时间、度量、距离、价格等复数名词时，把这些复数名词看作一个整体。谓语动词采用单数形式。Twenty-five dollars is too much to pay for that shirtFifty minutes isn t enough to finish this testTen miles seems like a long walk to me 2 以 “ -s” 结尾的书刊名、国名、组织名、游戏名、运动名，谓语动词用单数以-ics 结尾的名词指一门学科时，常用单数谓语动词形式。当这些名词表示实际内容时，谓语动词则用复数形式。这类单词有：economics 经济学electronics 电子学physics 物理学politics 政治学mathematics 数学statistics 统计学Rootswas a novel about a slave family His politics were a matter of great concern to his friend Politics is his favorite subject Statistics show that approximately 40 percent of all marriages in the US end in divorceStatistics is a subject that is difficult to learn 3) 有些表示某类别的总称的集合名词，如：machinery(机械 )，clothing( 衣服 )， luggage(行李 )，furniture( 家具 )， equipment(设备 )， jewelry( 珠宝 )等作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。如：My luggage was sent by air The equipment of our factory is all imported from Britain4) 不定式、现在分词和从句作主语，谓语动词通常用单数：Playing with fire is dangerous 注意：若用 and 连接两个动名词、不定式短语或主语从句，表示两个不同的概念，则谓语动词用复数形式。若表示同一概念，则谓语动词用单数形式Early to rise and early to bed is a good habit When and where the building will be built hasn t been decided主语从句要根据从句表达的意思而定What she said is correctWhat he gave me are five English books 谓语动词用复数的情况1）由 and或 both.and.连接两个单数名词作主语时，指的是复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式(不可数名词同样)。如：Fire and water do not agree注意如果 and 连接的两个词是指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，则两个名词共用一个冠词，谓语动词必须用单数。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 5 页精品资料欢迎下载The teacher and writer is her friend 2）有些集合名词如：cattle，folk ，people，police，poultry(家禽 )等作主语，总是跟复数动词形式。The people hope to live a happy life The police have caught the criminal Cattle feed on grass3) 表示成双成套的名词，如：trousers，shoes，glasses， compasses 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。His black trousers are too long 他的黑裤子太长。Your glasses are on your nose4）表示群岛、瀑布、山脉等以“ -s” 结尾的专有名词作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。The Philippines are in the Pacific Ocean Rocky Mountains stand in the west of North America5）名词 clothes，works(作“ 著作 ” 讲)，goods，contents，the Olympic Games 的谓语动词律律用复数。如：Clothes keep people warmHis works have been translated into several foreign languages 注意：若表示 “ 一套衣服 ” ，可用 a suit of clothes 。clothes 不可与不定冠词a 或数词连用。若表示 “ 一部作品 ” 用 a work，“ 两部作品 ” 用 two works 。谓语动词单复数由名词前面的词或词 组决定的1）由 “some of ，plenty of ，a lot of，lots of，most of，the rest of，all of ，half of ，part of，the remainder of 或分数、百分数+of+名词 ” 等短语作主语时，谓语动词常与of 后的名词保持数的一致。The rest of the lecture is dull Half of the apple is rotten 这个苹果的一半腐烂变质了。Half of the apples are rotten 这些苹果有一半腐烂变质了。About one third of the books are worth reading. 大约三分之一的书值得一读。Over 30 of the students were absent from the meeting 2）由 “a kind of ，this kind of ，many kinds of”和 “ 名词+of this kind”等，以及由与kind 意义相似的 type，sort，form ，part，piece，section 等构成的类似短语作主语时，谓语动词与of 前的名词保持数的一致。如：A kind of birds has been discovered by them Parts of the book are very instructive This kind of apples is expensive. Apples of this kind are expensive. 3）“ more+ 复数名词 +than one”结构谓语常用复数。More members than one have protested against the plan精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 5 页精品资料欢迎下载4）不定代词 “ each，one，no one，some(any，no，every)+body(one 或 thing)”在句中作主语或作限定词时，谓语动词一律用单数形式Each boy gets a prizeSomeone wants to buy the houseEach of the books costs five Yuan. 注意： each，all，both 用作同位语时，谓语动词仍应与主语保持一致We each have an English-Chinese dictionary 由 and连接的两个或三个单数主语前如果有every，each，no，many a 修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式。Each teacher and (each) student was given a bookEvery hour and (every) minute is important Many a teacher and many a student enjoys the book very much many a./ more than one+名词作主语时 , 谓语动词仍采取单数形式Many a man thinks life is meaningless without purpose one and a half+复数名词 ” 作主语时，其谓语要用单数形式One and a half bananas is left on the table3、就近原则or，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but(also). 等连接的并列成分作主语时，根据就近一致的原则处理。 离谓语动词近的主语部分是单数，就用单数； 离谓语动词近的主语是复数，谓语动词就用复数。如：Either the teacher or the students are to blameNot only the students but also their teacher doesn t know about itNeither you nor I know how to do it4、主谓一致的特殊情况1）population 表示 “ 人口 ” ， 一个国家或地区的居民数目，它作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式。当它前面有分数或百分数时，population 是指一个国家或地区的全体居民，谓语动词用复数形式。The population of Canada is about 29 million About eighty percent of the population of this country are peasants 2）集合名词作主语，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如表示成员则用复数。常见的这部分名词有：army，audience， class，club，committee，company，crowd， family ，group，government，organization，party，team 等。Our football team is playing well. Our football team are having baths and are then coming back here for supper. 3）a number ofa variety of varieties of+ 可数名词复数; “ the majority of+复数名词 ”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式the number of( 表数目 )和 the variety of( 表种类 )等+可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 5 页精品资料欢迎下载A number of new houses have been built thereThere are a variety of goods on sale in the shopThe number of the people who know the secret is very limitedThe variety of goods on sale in the shop is surprising 4) “ a large amount of+ 不可数名词 ” 作主语，谓语用单数“ large a mounts of+ 不可数名词 ” 作主语，谓语用复数“ a large quantity of+ 不可数名词 ” 作主语，谓语用单数“ a large quantity of+ 复数名词 ” 作主语，谓语常用复数“ large quantities of+ 不可数名词复数名词” 作主语，谓语用复数“ a good great deal of+不可数名词 ” 作主语，谓语用单数A large amount of clean water is wasted every day Vast amounts of money are being invested in the local market Large quantities of beer are consumed in the city every year A large quantity of money was spent on the bridge “ a total of+ 复数名词 ” 作主语与复数动词连用，意思是“ 总共有 ”“ the total of+ 复数名词 ” 作主语与单数动词连用，意思是“ 的总数 ” 。4) 单复数同形的名词作主语，要根据上下文的意义以及修饰这些词的词来确定其谓语形式。常见的这部分名词有aircraft ，crossroads，deer，fish，headquarters。means，series，sheep，species，works 等。如：The crossroads isare dangerousEvery means has been triedAll possible means have been tried A steel works has just been built there 5）当主语后面跟有with ，together with ，along with ，accompanied by，like，in addition to ，as well as，as much as，more than，rather than，no less than，except，but，besides，including等连接的词组时，其谓语动词的单复数不受这些词语的影响。如：The rock singer，along with his bodyguard ，was rushed away from the theaterMr. Robbins ， accompanied by his wife and children ，is arriving tonight No one but your parents was there thenTom，together with Mary and Alice ， is going to swim this afternoon. 6）the + adj./ v-ed 表示某类人作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式the + adj. 表示某类事物或表示某一类抽象概念作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。The poor live a hard life The beautiful lives forever 7) there be 结构中的主谓一致关系，谓语动词通常和最邻近的那个主语一致。There are four chairs and a table in the room 8) “aan+单数名词 +or two”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 5 页精品资料欢迎下载“ one or two+ 复数名词 ” 作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：A student or two has failed the exam 一两个学生考试不及格。One or two students were planting trees yesterday afternoon 昨天下午有一两个学生在植树。9）在主语和谓语倒装的句子中，动词的数应和它后面的主语的数一致。On the wall are some famous paintings Between the two windows hangs a picture 10）在 “It + be+被强调部分 +thatwho.”结构中， be用单数形式is 或 was，如被强调部分是主语， that who 后的谓语与被强调部分的人称、数保持一致。It is I who am a student It is they who have worked there for five years 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 5 页