2022年中考英语语法冲刺 .pdf

专题七：宾语从句考点集汇，讲解和训练一. 宾语从句的种类宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1. 由 that 引导的宾语从句。 That 只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill.I am sure (that) he will succeed. 2. 由连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which 和连接副词 when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe? He asked whose handwriting was the best. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? I don t know why the train is late. 3. 由 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句。 If 和 whether在句中的意思是 “ 是否” 。例如：I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I could help him. 二. 宾语从句的语序精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 15 页宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：I hear (that) physics isnt easy.I think (that) you will like this school soon. Can you tell me how I can get to zoo? Please tell me when well have the meeting.三. 宾语从句的时态1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。例如：I don t think (that) you are right.Please tell us where he is. Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station? 2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：He asked what time it was. He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet. He asked if you had written to Peter. He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon. 3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year. Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun. 【演练】精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 15 页1. Do you know _ during the coming summer holiday? A. what will Tom do B. what did Tom do C. what Tom will do D. what Tom did 2. I want to know_. A. what is his name B. what s his nameC. that his name is D. what his name is 3. Do you know _ I could pass the exam? A. that B. whether C. what D. which 4. Jim doesnt understand _.A. which is the way to the museum B. why his wife always goes shopping C. what is the way to the museum D. why does she always go shopping 5. -Could you tell me _ she is looking for? A. that B. whose C. who D. which 6. Mr. King didnt know _ yesterday evening.A. when does his son come home B. when his son comes home C. when did his son come home D. when his son came home 7. Could you tell me _ the bike this morning? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 15 页A. how does he mend B. how he mends C. how he mended D. how did he mend 8. -I m waiting for the mail. Do you know _ it will arrive?-Usually it comes by 4: 00. A. how B. where C. when D. what 9. -Excuse me, would you please tell me _? -Certainly. Go straight along here. Its next to a hospital.A. how we can get to the post office B. how can we get to the post office C. how get to the post office D. how could we get to the post office 10. -Can I help you? -Yes. I d like a ticket to Mount Emei. Can you tell me _ take to get there? A. how soon will it B. how soon it will C. how long it will D. how long will it 11. He wanted to know _. A. whether he speaks at the meeting B. when the meeting would start C. what he s going to do at the meetingD. where would the meeting be held 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 15 页12. -Could you tell me _ the Bamboo Garden? -The day after tomorrow, I think. A. when will you visit B. when you will visit C. when would you visit D. when you would visit 13. Would you please tell me _ next, Mr Wang? A. what should we do B. we should do what C. what we should do D. should we do what 14. You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited 15. I want to know _ you will come back at 8:00 tomorrow. A. that B. when C. where D. whether 16. -Could you tell me _? -Sorry, I dont know. I was not at the meeting.A. what does he say at the meeting B. what did he say at the meeting C. what he says at the meeting D. what he said at the meeting 17. -Could you tell me _ last night? -Er, I was watching Euro 2004 at home. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 15 页A. what you were doing B. what were you doing C. what you are doing D. what are you doing 18. The teacher asked the students _. A. if they were interested in dinosaurs B. when was Albert Einstein born C. what they will do with the computers D. how many trees they have planted 19. Every morning the patients are asked if _ their temperature taken. A. they had had B. have they had C. they have had D. had they had 20. Its up to you to decide _ youll go there, by air or by road.A. how B. why C. that D. when 专题八：状语从句的考点集汇，讲解和训练【名师点睛】用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句，原因状语从句，结果状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句。1. 时间状语从句(1)时间状语从句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等连词来引导。例如：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 15 页It was raining hard when got to school yesterday. While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang. As he walked along the lake, he sang happily. He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China. After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory. (2)在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：I ll ring you up as soon as I get to New York. I will tell him everything when he comes back. He wont believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.(3)在带有 till 或 until 引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是 “ 一直到 时” ，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是 “ 直到才”, “在以前不 ”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如：The young man read till the light went out. Lets wait until the rain stops.We won t start until Bob comes.Don t get off until the bus stops.2. 条件状语从句(1)条件状语从句通常由if, unless引导。例如：What shall we do if it snows tomorrow? Don t leave the build ing unless I tell you to. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 15 页(2)在条件状语从句里， 谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：I ll help you with your English if am free tomorrow.He wont be late unless he is ill.(3) “祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句 ” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如：Hurry up, or youll be late.=If you dont hurry up, youll be late.Study hard and you will pass the exam. =If you study hard, you will pass the exam. 3. 原因状语从句(1)原因状语从句通常由because, since, as 引导。例如：He didn t come to school because he was ill.As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo. Since you can t answerthe question, Ill ask someone else.(2)because表示直接原因，语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题，只能用because 。As和 since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。 由 as和 since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。例如：-Why arent going there?-Because I don t want to.As he has no car, he cant get there easily. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 15 页Since we have no money, we cant buy it.(3)because和 so不能同用在一个句子里。4. 结果状语从句(1)结果状语从句由sothat, suchthat, so that引导。例如：He is so poor that he cant buy a bike for his son.She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her. My pencil fell under the desk, so that I couldnt see it.(2)sothat语 such.that可以互换。例如：在由 so.that引导的结果状语从句中， so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是 : “.so + 形容词（副词） + that + 从句” 。例如：He was so glad that he couldnt say a word.The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people. Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her. 在由 such that 引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词； 名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a 或 an。例如：It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything. He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling. He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term. 有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。例如：It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again. =The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 15 页It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it. =The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it. (3)如果名词前由 many, much, little, few等词修饰时，只能用so, 不用 such 。例如：Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses. He has so little time that he cant go to the cinema with you. 5. 比较状语从句比较状语从句通常由asas, 比较级 + than等连词引导。例如：Tom runs faster than John does. This classroom is as big as that one. 6. 目的状语从句(1)目的状语从句通常由so that, in order that引导。例如：We started early so that we could catch the first train. He studies hard so that he could work better in the future. We used the computer in order that we might save time. (2)so that 既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个： 1)目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can, could, may, might等。 2)从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如：Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的状语从句 ) Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. (结果状语从句 ) 7. 让步状语从句(1)让步状语从句通常由although, though等连词引导。例如：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 15 页Though he is young, he knows a lot. Although I am tired, I must go on working. (2)although(though) 不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说： Though it was raining hard, but he still went out. 应该说： Though it was raining hard, he still went out.或 It was raining hard, but he still went out. 8. 地点状语从句地点状语从句常常由where来引导。例如：Go where you like. Where there is a will, there is a way. 【演练】一. 单项填空1. _ he s old, he can still carry this heavy bag.A. Though B. Since C. For D. So 2. -Do you know if he _ to play basket ball with us? -I think he will come if he _ free tomorrow. A. comes; is B. comes; will be C. will come; is D. will come; will be 3. In the zoo if a child _ into the water and cant swim, the dolphins may come up _ him. A. will fall; to help B. falls; to help C. will fall; help D. falls; helping 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 15 页4. I dont remember _ he worked in that city when he was young. A. what B. which C. where D. who 5. We will stay at home if my aunt _ to visit us tomorrow. A. comes B. come C. will come D. is coming 6. The police asked the children _ cross the street _ the traffic lights turned green. A. not; before B. don t; when C. not to; until D. not; after7. I was late for class yesterday _ there was something wrong with my bike. A. when B. that C. until D. because 8. Ill go swimming with you if I _ free tomorrow. A. will be B. shall be C. am D. was 9. In the exam, the _ you are, _ the _ mistakes you will make. A. careful; little B. more careful; fewest C. more careful; fewer D. more careful; less 10. You should finish your lessons _ you go out to paly. A. before B. after C. when D. while 11. I hurried _ I wouldnt be late for class.A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless 12. When you read the book, youd better make a mark _ you have any questions. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 15 页A. which B. that C. where D. though 13. The teacher raised his voice _ all the students could hear him. A. for B. so that C. because D. in order 14. He took off his coat _ he felt hot. A. because B. as C. if D. since 15. It is _ that wed like to go out for a walk.A. a lovely day B. too lovely a day C. so lovely a day D. such lovely a day 16. Mary had _ much work to do that she stayed at her office all day. A. such B. so C. too D. very 17. _ I felt very tired, I tried to finish the work. A. Although B. Because C. As D. As if 18. _ the day went on, the weather got worse. A. With B. Since C. While D. As 19. _ well you can drive, you must drive carefully. A. So long as B. In order that C. No matter how D. The moment 20. Write to me as soon as you _ to Beijing. A. will get B. get C. getting D. got 练习：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页，共 15 页Different things usually stand for different feelings. Red, for example, is the color of fire, heat, blood and life. People say red is an exciting and active color. They associate( 使发生联系 ) red with a strong feeling like 1 . Red is used for signs of 2 , such as STOP signs and fire engines. Orange is the bright, warm color of 3 in autumn. People say orange is a 4 color. They associate orange with happiness. Yellow is the color of _5_. People say it is a cheerful color. They associate yellow too, with happiness. Green is the cool color of grass in _6_. People say it is a refreshing color. In general, people _7_ two groups of colors: warm colors and cool colors. The warm colors are red, orange and _8_. Where there are warm color and a lot of light, people usually want to be _9_. Those who like to be with _10 _ like red. The cool colors are _11_ and blue. Where are these colors, people are usually worried. Some scientists say that time seems to _12 _ more slowly in a room with warm colors. They suggest that a warm color is a good _13_ for a living room or a _14_ . People who are having a rest or are eating do not want time to pass quickly. _15 colors are better for some offices if the people working there want time to pass quickly. 1. A. sadness B. anger C. Administration D. smile 2. A. roads B. Ways C. danger D. places 3. A. land B. leaves C. grass D. mountains 4. A. lively B. dark C. noisy D. frightening 5. A. Moonlight B. light C. sunlight D. stars 6. A. summer B. spring C. autumn D. winter 7. A. speak B. say C. talk about D. tell 8. A. Green B. yellow C. white D. gray 9. A. calm B. sleepy C. Active D. helpful 10. A. the other B. another C. other one D. others 11. A. black B. green C. Golden D. yellow 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 14 页，共 15 页12. A. go round B. go by C. go off D. go along 13. A. One B. way C. fact D. matter 14. A. factory B. classroom C. Restaurant D. hospital 15. A. Different B. Cool C. Warm D. All Today s words: C camera n. 照相机； 摄像机camp n.（夏令） 营 vi. 野营 宿营cancel vt. 取消cancer n. 癌candle n. 蜡烛candy n. 糖果cap n. 帽子；capital n. 首都captain n. 船长队长catch(caught,caught)v. 赶上；染上（疾病）cause n. 原因 vt. ，使发生celebrate v. 庆祝certain a. 确定的chair n. 椅子chairman n. 主席，会长；议长chance n. 机会，可能性cheat n. & v. 骗取，哄骗；作弊chemistry n. 化学chess n. 棋clap vi. 拍手；鼓掌compare vt. 比较，对照consider vt. 考虑continue vi. 继续courage n. 勇气；胆略精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 15 页，共 15 页