中考英语现在完成时课件.pptx

现在完成时The Present Perfect Tense主讲人：XXX现在完成时的定义现在完成时定义：过去的动作或状态持续到现在，对现在造成的影响，或可能持续持续下去。现在完成时的结构这么多雪已经融化了。So much snow has already melted away.主语 + 助动词have/has + 过去分词 我已经爱上这个地方。I have fallen in love with this place。主语是第三人称单数或不可数名词时，助动词用has现在完成时的形式肯定式肯定式主语主语 + have/has + + have/has + 过去分词（过去分词（donedone）否定式否定式主语主语 + havent/hasnt + + havent/hasnt + 过去分词（过去分词（donedone）一般疑问句一般疑问句Have/Has + Have/Has + 主语主语 + + 过去分词（过去分词（donedone）肯定回答：Yes, 主语+have/has.否定回答：No, 主语+havent/hasnt.现在完成时的形式特殊疑问句特殊疑问句特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+ + 一般疑问句一般疑问句写出下列句子的否定式，一般疑问句，和画线部分提问。Tom has already gone to Beijing.现在完成时的用法1.表示动作发生在过去，持续到现在，并有可能继续下去。I have been here for two years. 我已经在这儿待两年了。He has taught English since five years ago.他五年前就开始教英语了。 现在完成时的用法2. 表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成影响。-How do you like the film?-Sorry. I havent seen the film. (我不知道这电影讲什么）。 现在完成时的标志词u现在完成时常与不确定的时间状语连用，如：already、yet、never、ever、just、recently、before、so far、until now、次数等u与表示一段时间的状语连用： for+一段时间 since+一个过去的时间点 since+一段时间+ago since+一般过去时句子 in the past+一段时间现在完成时的标志词1. already 与 yet already通常用于肯定句，位于句中或句末；位于句中时，在助动词之后。 She has already finished her homework. yet通常用于否定句或疑问句，一般位于句末。 He hasnt gone to Beijing yet.按要求改写句子。My classmates have already planted a lot of trees. (改为否定句）My classmates _ _ a lot of trees _.havent planted yet 现在完成时的标志词since + 2. for 与 sincefor+一段时间一个过去的时间点一段时间+ago一般过去时句子选for或since填空。Linda has practised playing the piano _ ten years.They have been away from this town _ a long time.We have been here _ ten years ago.I have learnt English _ I came to this school.forforsincesince注意：对对“for+“for+时间段时间段” ”或或“since+“since+过去的时间点过去的时间点/ /一般过去时句一般过去时句子子” ” 提问时，用特殊疑问词提问时，用特殊疑问词how longhow long“ “多长时间多长时间” ”。现在完成时的标志词3. never(从不） 与 ever （曾经） never用于句中，助动词之后，实义动词前，表示否定意义。 ever用于肯定句和疑问句中，在句中位于助动词之后，实义动词前。Have you ever been to America? 你曾经去过美国吗？I have never been there before. 我以前从没去过。have been to/have gone to/have been in区别have been tohave been to表示去过某地（已经回来）表示去过某地（已经回来）have gone tohave gone to表示去了某地（尚未回）have been inhave been in表示待在某地多长时间，通常与表示一段时间的状语连用完成下列句子。She _ America three times.Mr Black isnt here now. He _ Beijing on a business tour.We _ this small village for two months.has been tohas gone tohave been in现在完成时与一般过去时的辨析现在完成时与一般过去时的辨析u一般过去时只表示动作发生在过去，不说明现在的情况一般过去时只表示动作发生在过去，不说明现在的情况，强调动作强调动作。常用时间标志。常用时间标志词：词：just nowjust now、agoago、in the pastin the past、yesterdayyesterday；the day before yesterthe day before yester、last week/night/monthlast week/night/month、in 1998/in 1998/、at the age ofat the age of等等。u现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调影响强调影响。注意标志词：注意标志词：just nowin the past一般过去时一般过去时现在完成时现在完成时justin the past+一段时间一段时间现在完成时与一般过去时的辨析现在完成时与一般过去时的辨析1. The debate on whether to keep pets _ forty minutes yesterday afternoon. (2018上海)A. lastB. lastedC. will lastD. has lasted2. They _ in Beijing for two weeks. Do you know when _ they go there?A. have been; doB. have gone; didC. have been; didD. have gone; doBC延续性动词与短暂性动词延续性动词与短暂性动词短暂性动词短暂性动词（如（如comecome，leaveleave，gogo等）等）表示行为结果，表示行为结果，不与时间段连用不与时间段连用；与时间段连用时，需转换为与时间段连用时，需转换为表示状态的表示状态的延续性动词延续性动词。He left three hours ago.He left three hours ago.他三个小时前离开了。他三个小时前离开了。 （表示结果）（表示结果）He has been away for three hours.He has been away for three hours.他已经离开三个小时了。他已经离开三个小时了。（表示（表示状态）状态）I borrowed this book two weeks ago. I borrowed this book two weeks ago. 这本书我两个星期前借的。这本书我两个星期前借的。I have kept this book for two weeks. I have kept this book for two weeks. 这本书我已经借两个星期了。这本书我已经借两个星期了。延续性动词与短暂性动词延续性动词与短暂性动词常用的短暂性动词对应的可转换为延续性动词：常用的短暂性动词对应的可转换为延续性动词：becomebe becomebe beginhavebeginhaveborrowkeepborrowkeepbuyhavebuyhavecome(go, arriver, get)be here/there/in. come(go, arriver, get)be here/there/in. diebe deaddiebe deadfinishbe overfinishbe over leavebe away (from) leavebe away (from)joinbe in(be a member of)joinbe in(be a member of)延续性动词与短暂性动词延续性动词与短暂性动词练一练练一练：1. The little boy joined the party two years ago. (同义句转换)The little boy _ _ _ the party for two years.2. His father has been dead since he was five. (同义句转换)His father _ five years _.3. I bought the bike five years ago. (同义句转换） I _ _ the bike since five years ago.has been indiedagohave had延续性动词与短暂性动词延续性动词与短暂性动词注意：注意：但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。如但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。如: :l havent bought this car for a year. l havent bought this car for a year. 我买这辆小汽车还不到一年。我买这辆小汽车还不到一年。She hasnt come here for two minutes. She hasnt come here for two minutes. 她来这儿还没有两分钟。她来这儿还没有两分钟。特殊句型特殊句型“It is+“It is+一段时间一段时间+since+since+句子（一般过去时）句子（一般过去时）” ” = “= “一段时间一段时间+has passed + since+has passed + since+句子（一般过去时）句子（一般过去时）” ”It is three years since I came here. It is three years since I came here. 我来这里已经三年了。我来这里已经三年了。Three years has passed since I came here.Three years has passed since I came here.自从我来到这里已经三年了。自从我来到这里已经三年了。专项练习专项练习1. Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _ whats happened to him.A. knewB. have knownC. must knowD. will know2. Mr. Smith has _ been to London, has he?A. alreadyB. neverC. everD. stillBB专项练习专项练习3. Zhao Lin _ already _ in this school for two yearsA. was; studyingB. will; studyC. has; studiedD. are; studying4. Forrest Gump is a very nice film. I _ it twice.A. will seeB. have seenC. sawD. seeCB专项练习专项练习5. -These farmers have been to the United States.-Really? When _ there?A. will they goB. did they goC. do they go D. have they gone6. His father _ the Party since 1978.A. joinedB. has joinedC. was inD. has been inBD专项练习专项练习7. Miss Green isnt in the office. She _ to the library.A. has goneB. wentC. will goD. has been8. -_ you _ your homework yet?- Yes. I _ it a moment ago. A. Did; do; finishedB. Have; done; finishedC. Have; done; have finishedD. will; do; finishAB专项练习专项练习9. -How long have you _ here?-About two months.A. beenB. goneC. comeD. arrived10. Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes.A. has begunB. had begunC. has been onD. BeganAC专项练习专项练习 11. It _ ten years since he left the army.A. isB. hasC. willD. was12. The students have cleaned the classroom, _?A. so theyB. dont theyC. have theyD. havent theyAD专项练习专项练习按要求完成句子，每空一词。1. I have been to New York before. (改为否定句)I _ _ been to Macau before.2. He hasnt come here because he was ill. (就划线部分提问)_ _ he come here?3. I bought a new computer just now. (用just 改写)I _ just _ a new computer.4. We began to learn English five years ago. (改为同义句)We _ _English _ five years.havent everWhy hasnthave boughthave learnt for 专项练习专项练习按要求完成句子，每空一词。按要求完成句子，每空一词。5. They have been here 5. They have been here since 2000since 2000. (. (对划线部分提问对划线部分提问) )_ _ have they been here?_ _ have they been here?6. The old man _ last year. He has _ _ for a 6. The old man _ last year. He has _ _ for a year. (die) (year. (die) (动词填空动词填空) )7. Miss Lin left half an hour ago. (7. Miss Lin left half an hour ago. (同义句转换同义句转换) )Miss Lin has _ _ _ half an hour ago.Miss Lin has _ _ _ half an hour ago.How longdied been deadbeen away since