2022年人教版初二英语上册第十五单元知识点 .pdf

学习必备欢迎下载人教版初二英语上册第十五单元知识点Thanks for the message! 单元双基学习目标. 词汇学习： answer,telephone,moment,ring,phone,way,photo,story,enough,really,be out,at the moment,by the way,the next day,ring up,message,afraid, cinema, pleasure,harvest . 语法学习： 1)熟练掌握there be结构的一般过去式。 2)理解并掌握Could ?的用法。. 交际用语： Hes out at the moment. Please ring him. By the way, I dont think so. See you tomorrow. Im afraid Could you answer the telephone,please? Could I speak to,please? Could you ask him to call me,please? Is that Lily? Can I take a message? 指点迷津单元重点词汇点拨 1.message消息，信息 Ive got a message for Mr Smith.我有了史密斯先生的消息。 He asked me to pass her a message.他让我给她带个信儿。【点拨】该词为可数名词，不同于news(不可数名词 ) 。 2.answer回答，接 ( 电话 ) Who can answer the question?谁能回答这个问题? Please answer the phone for me.请替我回个电话。【点拨】该词亦可作名词，如：make no answer不回答。 3.telephone电话，电话机 I spoke to him by telephone.我用电话和他说。 May I use your telephone?我能用用你的电话吗? I telephoned you yesterday,but nobody answered.我昨天打电话给你，但没人接。 I want to telephone to my mother at once.我想马上给我妈妈打电话。【点拨】该词也可作动词，其缩写为phone。 4.afraid，害怕，恐怕( 口语 ) He is afraid of dogs.他害怕狗。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 13 页学习必备欢迎下载 Dont be afraid of cats.别害怕猫。 I am much afraid of darkness.我十分怕黑。 I am afraid we cant catch the bus.我们恐怕赶不上车了。【点拨】该词多用作表语。还要注意be afraid to do与 be afraid of的区别，前者重“不敢做” ，后者重“担心” 。 5.moment片刻，瞬间 Please wait(for)a moment.请等一会儿。 Tell him to come here in a moment.告诉他过一会儿到这儿来。 Id like to speak to you for a moment.我愿望和你聊一会儿。【点拨】该词为可数名词，相当于while 。 6.cinema电影院 There is a cinema near the park.公园边上有个电影院。Where are you going?你去哪儿 ? I am going to the cinema.我去看电影。【点拨】该词作“电影”讲时，一般前面加the 。 7.pleasure愉快，高兴 Reading(Singing)brings me pleasure.阅读给我带来乐趣。 I did the work with pleasure.我工作不愉快。 It gave me much pleasure to hear of your success.听说你成功了，我十分高兴。 8.ring给打电话，( 钟，铃 ) 响 The bell rang for lunch.铃声响了，该吃饭了。 The telephone is ringing.电话铃响了。【点拨】注意该词的过去式rang 和过去分词rung 。 9.way道路，方式，方法 Will you tell me the way to the station?能告诉我去车站的路吗? The hospital is a long way from here.从这儿去医院很远。 This way,please.请往这边走。 Thre are many ways of doing it.做这件事有许多方法。【点拨】该词不指具体的路，具体的道路常使用road。 10.photo照片 She showed me her photos of England.他给我看英国的照片。 This is a photo of my son.这是儿子的一张照片。 Lets take a photo together.让我们一起拍张照。【点拨】注意“照相”常用take a photo(of) 。 11.story故事 The old man is telling them a story.老人在给他们讲故事。【点拨】讲故事常用tell (a story)。 12.harvest收获 ( 物 ) ，收割 They had a big harvest last year.去年他们丰收了。 Well go to harvest rice next week.下星期我们要去收麦子。【点拨】该词可作名词，也可作动词。作动词相当于get in。 13.enough足够的，充分的 We have enough time to do the work ell.我们有足够的时间把工作做好。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 13 页学习必备欢迎下载 I have enough money to buy food.我有足够的钱买食物。【点拨】该词可作名词、形容词及副词。 14.really真正地，确实 You are really wrong.你确实错了。 I really do not know.我真的不知道。【点拨】该词为形容词real的副词形式，其意义相当于indeed 。单元词组思维运用 1.at the moment此刻 Im busy at the moment.现在我很忙。【提示】该词组于现在时态。 2.pass on传递 They passed on ball to each other.他们互相传球。 He passed the job on to me.他把工作交给我。 Will you please pass the message on to him?你能把这个消息告诉他吗? 【提示】该词组中的on 为副词，表示“传递给”，还需加介词to 。 on 是副词，代词 it/them要放其前。 3.climb up爬上 Peter is climbing up the ladder.彼特正在往梯子上爬。 The monkeys can climb up the tree quickly.猴子能很快爬上树。【提示】 up 表示方向，意思是“向上”，有时可以省略。 4.ring up打电话给 Tom rang you (up)just now.刚才汤姆打电话给你。【提示】该词组用的up 可省去。 5.by the way顺便说 ( 问) 一下【提示】该短语为固定短语，不同于in the way on the way (to) 等。 6.show sts.to sb.把某物给某人看【提示】该短语也可说成show sb.sts.注意短语 show sb.around领某人参观。二、学海导航学法指要单元句型思维明晰 1.Im afraid Im afraid hes out at the moment.恐怕他现在出去了。注意： Im afraid常用于口语中，用来表示遗憾、抱歉以及委婉的否定，也可用来表示有义务做某事。如： Im afraid I cant help you.恐怕我帮不了你的忙。 Im afraid this task is too hard for me.这件工件对我来说恐怕太难了。 Im afraid I must do it.恐怕我必须做。 2.Could you? Kate,could you answer the telephone,please?凯特，接一下电话，好吗? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 13 页学习必备欢迎下载 could you也是常用口语的句型，用来表示请求或要求的委婉用语。如： Could you lend me your book?能把书借给我吗? Could you wait half an hour?你能等半个小时吗? 3.There be的句型注意： There be 结构，表示“什么地方或时间，存在什么事物”。常用结构的句式是：there+be+ 名词 +地点 ( 时间 ) 。 1)这个结构中的there是个引词，本身没有词义。be 为谓语动词， be 后的名词为主语，两者的数必须一致。句子最后为地点( 时间 ) 状语，这一结构有时态变化。如： There is a blackboard on the wall.墙上有块黑板。 There are many desks and chairs in the room.房间里有许多桌椅。 There is nobody in the classroom.教室里没人。 There is going to be a meeting tonight.今天晚上要开个会。 2)主语后有时有一个定语修饰。如： There is a car waiting outside.外面有辆车等着。 There are many things to be done.有许多事要做。 3)这个结构的否定式是：There be not(或 no) 。如： There isnt going to be a meeting tonight.今天晚上不开会。 There arent any grammar books in the bookcase.书架上没放几本语法书。 4)这个结构的疑问式是：Be there ? Is there any water left in your bottle?瓶子里还有水吗? Are there any books in the other room?那间房子里有书吗? What is there in the other room?那间房子里有什么? How many students are there in your class?你们班上有多少学生? 5)there be表示“存在” ，have 表示“所有” 。试比较： They have five apple trees in the garden.(主语是 they) There are five apple trees in the garden.花园里有 5 棵苹果树。 Theres a telephone in every room.每个房间都有电话。( 强调客观存在) Every room has a telephone.(强调电话是每个房间的固定部分) 6)这种结构中的谓语有时不用动词be，而用 live,come,stand,seem to be等。如： Once there lived a king.从前，这儿有个国王。 On the second floor,there lived a young man.二楼住着个年轻人。 There stands a tree over there.那儿也有棵树。 There comes the bus.公共汽车来了。 Then there came a knock at the door.接着，听到了敲门的声音。 There goes the bell.铃响了。 7)当 there be后列举一系列人或事物时，be 动词是单数或复数，取决于be 动词后直接接的那个人或事物是单数或复数。如： There is a teacher and two students in the classroom.教室里有个老师和两名学生。 There are two shop shops and a bookshop on that street.那条街上有两家鞋店和一个书店。单元难点疑点释疑精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 13 页学习必备欢迎下载 1.Kate,could you answer the telephone,please?凯特，请回电话。 answer the telephone意为“回电话” 。如： Mary,the telephone is ringing,could you answer it,please?玛丽，电话铃响了，你能回电话吗? 2.7-5-4-double6-2“754662” double双重的，双倍的。电话中各连续有两个数字相同时，如：732995，可以说成：7-3-2-double9-5。 3.Im afraid hes out at the moment.恐怕他现在不在家。 1)Im afraid意为“恐怕” ，表示委婉的否定或把歉等。 Im afraid I cant come here.我恐怕不能来这儿。 2)be out在外，不在家。如： My mother is out.She is doing some shopping.我妈妈不在家，她去买东西了。 3)at the moment此时，现在。如： The students are playing basketball at the moment.学生们现在正在打篮球。 4.Hes at the cinema.他在看电影。 at the cinema意为看电影。at 可以与很多名词构成短语。如：at school上学， at work 上班， at the moment此刻。 5.Can I take a message?我能捎个口信吗? take a message for sb意为“给捎个口信”。如： She asked me to take a message for you.她让我捎个口信给你。 Would you like to take a message for me?你能给我带口信吗? 6.Could you ask him to call me,please?你能叫他给我打电个话吗? ask sb.to do sth.意为“要某人做某事” 。如： The teacher asked us to stop talking.老师让我们别讲话。 7.Its a pleasure.不必客气。这是一句用于回答别人感谢之意时的礼貌用语。如：Thank you for helping me so much.谢谢你给我极大的帮助。Its pleasure.不用谢。 8.Oh,by the way,there was a telephone call for you.嗨，顺便说一下，有人给你打了一个电话。 by the way意为“顺便说一下，顺便问一下”。如： By the way,who is your monitor?顺便问一下，谁是班长? By the way,I have something important to tell you.顺便说一下，我有点重要的事要告诉你。 9.Is that Li Lei?你是李雷吗 ? Is that LI Lei? 还可表达为： Is that you,Li Lei? 打电话中，称自己一方为“this ” ，称对方为“ that ” ，所以在电话中问“你是谁”，应说“ Who is that?”或“ Who is that speaking.”回答时应说： “This is” . 或“ This is speaking. ” 10.We picked lots of apples.我们摘了很多苹果。 lots=a lot of许多。 lots of或 a lot of既可以修饰可数名语，也可以修饰不可数名词，如：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 13 页学习必备欢迎下载 I have lots of friends.我有许多朋友。 11.A friend gave me a photo. give sb.sth.=give sth.to sb.如： He gave me a knife.=He gave a knife to me. 12.There ware many apples on the trees.树上有许多苹果。长在树上的一般用on the tree，不是长在树上则用in the tree。如： There are lost of bananas on the trees.树上有许多香蕉。 There are some birds in the tree.树上有一些鸟。 13.They needed to climb up the trees with ladders.他们需要借助梯子爬上树。 1)climb up意为“爬 ( 上 ) ” 。如： The boys climbed up the mountain.孩子们爬上了山。 2)with是介词，意为“用，借助。”如： She writes with a pencil.她用铅笔写字。 14.是 There were no enough people，还是 There were not enough people? enough作为定语使用时，由于它本身是一个形容词，所以必须用副词not ，而不是用形容词no 组成否定句。作表语时，也用not 或 is no 。如： We have not enough time. 我们没有足够的时间。( 不能说： We have no enough time.) That is not enough.那是不够的。( 不能说： That is no enough.) There was not enough light in the room.房间里光线不足。妙文赏析An Old Friend Carol Evdans hated (憎恨，讨厌 )to be wrong. If she made a mistake,she could never admit(承认 )it. One day,she was walking along the street when she bumped(撞上 ),into another woman. She looked at the woman very carefully. Then she said,“Kate Foster!Well,well,I havent seen you for ten years.” She looked the woman up and down. “But youve changed,Kate,”she went on.“You used to be fat but now youre thin.” She smiled at her,“But you look well and its good to see you again.” She took the womans hand and shook it. “But,oh,you have changed, ” she said. “Ive never known anyone change so much.You used to have thick hair but now its very thin.You didnt used to wear glasses but now youre wearing really thick ones.”She smiled at the woman again. “But youre still the same Kate Foster I used to have coffee with every week.We had some good times,didnt we ,Kate?”“Excuse me,maam, ”the woman said,“but my name isnt Kate Foster.”Carol thought for a minute,then she said,“ So youve changed your name as well,havent you?”精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 13 页学习必备欢迎下载思维体操. 连词成句，然后写成一段疑问句形式，并作肯定和否定回答： 1.helped,the children,the farmers,last October,pick apples . ? . 2.a good time,hav,I,last Sunday,on the farm . ? . 3.in the classroom,people,were,enough,there . ? . 4.for you,a telephone call,be,there . ? . 【参考答案】 1.The children helped the farmers pick apples last October. Did the children help the farmers pick apples last October?/Yes,they did./ No,they didnt. 2.I had g good time on the farm last Sunday. Did you have a good time on the farm last Sunday?/Yes, I did. No,/I didnt. 3.There were enough people in the classroom. Were there enough people in the classroom?/Yes, there were./No, there werent. 4.There was a telephone call for you. Was there a telephone call for me?/Yes, there was./No, there wasnt. . 请用句中画线词语的反义词( 词组 )填空： 1.Lily is busy. Lucy is . 2.Are they all in the same school? No, they go to schools. 3.Here are some good oranges. Throw away those ones. 4.Is it easy to answer? No, its too . 5.Does Jim sit in the front row or in the row? 6.Mary is ill. I think shell be before long. 7.This skirt is too dear. Show me a one, please. 8.My brother went there last week, and Ill go there week. 9.Liu Mei is the first student to get up, but the one to go to bed. 10.Is the shop closed or ? 11.My answer is right, but yours is . 12.Tom stands on the right side. I stand on the side. 13.Are you full or ? 14.Jim has two boxes. One is full, the other is . 15.My hair is short. Her hair is . 16.My sister is short. My brother is . 17.Its very hot in summer and very in winter. 18.My father always goes to work early. He is . 19.He uses a lift to go up and . 20.There are some flowers in front o the house and there are some trees it. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 13 页学习必备欢迎下载 21.Please remember to finish your homework. Dont it. 22.Im going to ask you the question. Can you it? 23.I want to buy a knife. Which shop things like that? 24.I start to work at seven in the morning and my work at five in the afternoon. 25.Please take off your old shirt and the new one. 26.Some people are getting on the bus and some people are the bus. 27.We usually work in the day and go to sleep . 28.She has more eggs than you. You have eggs than she. 29.You have more water than I I have water than you. 30.I think July is the best month and December is the month in a year. 【参考答案】1.free 2.different 3.bad 4.difficult/hard 5.back 6.well 7.cheap 8.next 9.last 10.open 11.wrong 12.left 13.hungry 14.empty 15.long 16.tall 17.cold 18.never 19.down 20.behind 21.forget 22.answer 23.sells 24.finish 25.put on 26.getting off 27.at night 28.fewer 29.less 30.worst 三、智能显示心中有数单元语法发散思维情景对话常见句式小结 1.购物： 1)顾客进店后售货员与顾客打招呼的用语。 What can I do for you,sir?请你先生要些什么? Can I help you,madam?I there anything I can do for you? 2)顾客购物时对售货员讲的话。 Id like(to buy)a shirt.我想买一件衬衣。 Im looking for a shirt (for my daughter).我想 ( 给我女儿 ) 买一件衬衣。 3)问价与还价。 How much is it (are they)?多少钱 ? Thats much too expensive (dear).Can it be cheaper?太贵了，便宜点好吗? Do you have anything cheaper?有便宜些的吗 ? 4)顾客决定购物时的用语。 Ill take it.我买了。 Please give me two kilos of meat.我买两公斤肉。 2.问路与指路： 1)问路。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 13 页学习必备欢迎下载 Excuse me,which is the way to the post office?请问，到邮局怎么走? Excuse me,where is the post office,please? Excuse me,can you tell me the way to the post office? Excuse me,how can I get to the post office? 2)指路。 Go along (down)this road顺着这条路走，Go up this road until you reach/get to顺着这条路一直向前走，直到 Take the first turning on the right.在第一路口向右转。 Turn right at the first crossing. Youd better take a bus there.你最好乘公共汽车到那儿。 Its about two kilometers away from here.离这儿大约两公里。 3.邀请与应答： 1)邀请。 Will you please come to my party?请你来参加我的晚会，好吗? Would you like to come to my party? Would you please come to my party? Id like you to come to my party. 2)应答。接受： Yes,Id like/love to.好的，非常高兴( 愿意 ) 。 Yes,thats very kind of you. 婉拒： Id love to,but我很想去，可是 Thats very kind of you ,but Im afraid谢谢你的邀请，恐怕 4.建议与应答： 1)建议 Shall we meet at the school gate?我们在校门口见面，好吗? Why not meet at the school gate? Lets meet at the school gate. What/How about meeting at the school gate? 2)应答。 Good idea!Great!太好啦 ! OK.好的 5.提供帮助与应答： 1)提供帮助。 Can/May/Could I help you?需要我帮忙吗? Is there anything I can do for you? What can I do for you? Would you like some tea?想喝点茶吗 ? 2)应答。 Yes,I can. 动脑动手单元能力立体检测精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 13 页学习必备欢迎下载. 要点分析： 1.Please write it down this piece of paper. A.in B.from C.by D.on 2.There a lot of people in the house a moment ago. A.was B.were C.is D.are 3.My mother is busy the supper. A.cook B.cooking C.cooks D.to cook 4.He will be back an hour. A.for B.on C.in D.at 5.The door is open.But I remember it. A.close B.to close C.closing D.closed 6.There some rice and meat in the bowl just now. A.is B.are C.was D.were 7.Picking apples is . A.an easy work B.a hard work C.hard works D.hard work 8.Please ask him talk again. A.not to B.dont C.dont to D.to not 9.Could I have some of your (photo),please? 10.My telephone number (be)7620796. 【参考答案】 1.D。表示“写在纸上”用介词on. 2.考查 there be句型。 ago 表示过去， a lot of people表示复数。 3.考查短语be busy doing。 4.考查表示将来一段时间，用介词in 。 5.考查 remember to do与 remember doing ，后者表示“记得做过某事”。 6.C。句中时间状语为just now(刚才 ) ，因此时态应为过去时，A、B项中的 be 动词只用于现在时，可排除。联合主语中离be 动词最近的一个some rice为不可数名词，要用单数形式，因此选C。 7.D。work 作名词“工作”讲，为不可数名词，即不能用不定冠词修饰，也没有复数形式，只能选D。 8.A。 “要求某人做某事”短语为ask sb.to do sth.，否定形式要在to 前加 not ，即ask sb.not to do sth.，因此选 A。 9.photos。英语中以o 结尾原名词，其复数通常是在词尾+s 或 es，其中在无生命的词后加“ s” 。如： radios收音机， pianos 钢琴， photos 照片；在有生命的词后加“es” ，如：potatoes土豆， tomatoes 西红柿， Negroes 黑人， heroes 英雄。10.is 。电话号码虽为几个数字组成，但是一个整体要视为单数形式。同样，the number of ( 的数量 ) 这一结构在使用时，其谓语动词也要用单数形式。如：The number of the students is sixty. . 用所给动词的适当形式填空： 1.A train was coming near (quick). 2.Theyre from Germany.They are (Germany). 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 13 页学习必备欢迎下载 3.Mike cant work out the prolbem (easy). 4.This is my (two)visit to America. 5.We must drive when it is snowing(care). 6.Who (teach)you Chinese last year? 7.Everyone in