2022年新目标英语八年级上册知识点和练习整理 .pdf

1 Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation? 重点短语：Quite a few 相当多of course当然feel like 感觉像because of因为go on vacation 度假visit museum 参观博物馆go to summer camp 去野营go to the beach 去海边go out with sb. 和某人外出study for tests 为考试学习stay at home 呆在家go shopping去购物the top of the hill 山顶考点：1. 复合不定代词的用法：1）something， anything，nothing，everything 是指物的不定代词。somebody ，someone ，anybody，anyone， nobody，no one， everybody，everyone 是指人的不定代词。somewhere，anywhere，nowhere， everywhere 是指地点的不定代词。2）当形容词修饰不定代词、不定副词时，放于其后。如：something important 3）不定代词、不定副词做主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。Is everybody here? 大家都到齐了吗？4）something，somebody ，someone ，somewhere用于肯定句及表示请求或建议的疑问句中，而anything，anybody，anyone，anywhere 用于否定句、疑问句及条件状语从句中。2. 提建议的句子：What/ how about +doing sth.? 如： What/ How about going shopping? Why don t you + do sth.? 如： Why don t you go shopping?Why not + do sth. ? 如： Why not go shopping? Let s + do sth. 如：Let s go shoppingShall we/ I + do sth.? 如： Shall we/ I go shopping? 3. 辨析：get to/reach/arrive 都是 “ 到达 “ 的意思get to+地点 =reach+地点 = arrive at+ 地点（小） =arrive in+ 地点（大）注意：若他们后面要加地点副词here, there, home 等，则不需要加介词。4. nothing.but.意为 “ 除.之外；只有 ” ，如：I have nothing to do but watch TV all day long. 我整天除了看电视什么也没干。5. feel like 意为： “ 感受到；摸起来” ，后跟宾语从句或名词。如： I felt like I was a bird. 我感觉我是一只鸟。feel like doing sth.意为 “ 想做某事 ” 。如： I feel like eating. 我想吃东西。6. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做 ;乐意做 enjoy oneself 过得愉快=have fun/have a good time. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 15 页2 7. few 与 little 的区别：肯定否定许多可数a few few quite a few/not a few 不可数a little little quite a little/ not a little 8. 1） seem意为 “ 好像；似乎；看来” ，是个连系动词，构成的短语有：seem to do sth. 好像做某事如：They seem to wait for you. seem （ to be）+adj. 似乎 . 如：He seemed ( to be) ill yesterday. It seems that + 从句似乎 . 如：It seems that he was ill yesterday. 其他表示状态的系动词有：feel(觉得） ; keep（保持） ;stay （保持） ;look（看来像 .） ；smell（闻起来）； sound （听起来 ） ；taste（尝起来 ） ；. 2） bored (adj)，意为 “ 感到厌倦的、无聊的”, 其主语是某人；boring(adj) ，意为 “ 令人厌倦的、无聊的” 其主语是某物。如：I got bored with the boring work. 我对这无聊的工作感到厌倦。相类似的词语还有：interested/ excited/ amazed/surprised interesting/ exciting/ amazing/surprising 10. decide（ v）决定decide to do sth. - decide not to do sth. decide on doing sth. 决定做某事11.because of + 短语I had to move because of my job. because +句子如： I do it because I like it. 12.形容词 /副词 enough 如： wet/quietly enoughenough enough 名词如： enough umbrellas (形/副 )enough+ (名) to do sth. 足够 去做 如： I have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足够的钱去北京。She is not old enough to go to school. 她年龄不够，不能去上学。同义句：She is too young to go to school. (too to :太 而不能 )13.such+名短 + that 从句： She is such a popular girl that. so+形/副+that 从句： She is so popular that everyone likes her. 14. 反身代词： myself/yourself/itself/herself/himself/ourselves/yourselves/themselves quite a few building s not a little hungry 如此以至于精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 15 页3 Unit 2 How often do you exercise? 重点短语：How often 多久hardly ever 从来不at least 至少junk food 垃圾食品such as比如less than少于fifteen percent 百分之十五go online 上网be good for 对有意more than 多于watch TV 看电视use the Internet 使用电脑go to the dentist 看牙医考点：1. -How often do you usually go shopping? Sometimes/Twice a week. 有时候 /一周两次 .1) go shopping 意为“去购物” 。go+ v- ing : 表示进行某项活动。如：go swimming/ shopping/skating/skiing/fishing/climbing/hiking 2)频率副词： always=all the time, usually, often, sometimes=at times , hardly ever, never (1).sometimes: 有时候； sometime：某时； some times ：许多次 /倍; some time: 一段时间2）how often 表示 “ 多久一次 ” ，是对动作的频率进行提问。其回答通常有：频率副词：always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never how often 次数时间段: 如： once or twice a week every 时间段 : every day (每天 ) 区别：everyday （每天的； 日常的）注意：表示 “ 一次或两次 ” 时，一般用once和 twice 表示。如： once a month(一个月一次 ) 而表示 “ 三次或以上 ” 时，则用 “ 数词 times” 结构。如： five times a year (一年五次 ) 4） 由 how 构成的疑问词组的用法（ 1）how many+ 可数名词复数如： how many programs how much+不可数名词。如：how much coffee 但how much=whats the price of.? 还 有 “ 多 少 钱 ” 的 意 思如 ：How much are those pants? (2)how many times: “多少次 ”. 其答语表示次数。如：once ,twice，three times 等(3) how old.? 询问年龄如： How old are you? I am five. (4) 多久 (时间 ) 常用for two days，for three hours 等回答。多长 （某物的长度）如： -How long is the river? 10 kms. (5)how soon 用来询问过多久，多久以后，其答语是in two hours，in three days 等。如： How soon will he come back？In an hour 。3. “空闲的”：Are you free tonight? 4. at least 至少at most 最多be free “自由的”： a free country freedom(n) 5. stay up 熬夜（ to do sth.）“免费的”： work for free. 6. “ 满的；饱的 ” be full of : The bottle is full of water.瓶子里装满了水。“ 忙的” =busy He had a full life 7（ 1） be good for “ 对 有好处 ” 。如： Doing exercise is good for our health. （ 2） be good at doing sth.：“ 擅长于 ”如：He is good at playing football. “ 多少”“how long?”full精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 15 页4 （ 3） be good with: “与 相处好 ”如： The teacher is good with his students. 8go online = use the Internet ：上网9. more than=over “超过”10. ask sb. to do : 叫做某事Teacher asked me to clean the classroom. ask sb. not to do sth.: 叫不要做某事Teacher asked me not to clean the classroom. ask sb. for sth. : 向某人要求 如： ask teacher for help 11. help sb. with sth. 如： They help me with this problem. 他们帮助你解决这个问题。help sb.（to）do. 如： They help you (to) solve this problem. 他们帮助你解决这个问题。13. (n) 惊讶 : to one s surprise 令某人惊讶的是in surprise 惊讶地surprise be surprised at sth. 对 感到意外(v) 使惊奇、意外：be surprised to do sth. 惊讶做某事be surprised that + 从句如： I was surprised at the news = I was surprised to hear the news. 14. although(conj):“尽管；虽然 ” ，表示转折关系，同义词有though, 不与 but 同时使用。如：Although they re neighbors, they don t play together. 尽管他们是邻居，但是他们不在一起玩。15. maybe (adv): 也许，大概，放于句首或句中may + be：也许是，大概是，放于句中如： Maybe he is at home.= He maybe is at home.= He may be at home. 16. such as =like + 名短：如：such as winning the game. for example + 句子17. You can spend time with your friends and family as you play together. 度过（时间）如： spend the weekend with family 花费（时间、钱）如： He spent 20 yuan (in) buying the magazine. 同义句： He spent 20 yuan on the magazine. He paid 20 yuan for the magazine. It took him 20 yuan to buy the magazine. The magazine cost him 20 yuan. Unit 3 I m more outgoing than my sister 重点短语：care about 关心as long as只要the same as, 和一样bring out in fact 事实上make sb. Laugh 使我笑be similar to 和相似have fun 玩的开心重要考点：1 as+adj./adv.(原级 )+as : “ 如同 一样 ”否定： not as/so+adj./adv.(原级 )+as : “ 不如 一样 ”例如spend 同级比较精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 15 页5 2. 形容词和副词的比较级（ 1）大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：原级、比较级、最高级: good better - best （ 2）比较级：表示两者(人或物 )之间的比较。（ 3）加more/most 的情况：.部分双音节和多音节词；.-ed/ing 结尾的词；adj+ly adv.（ 4）双写的词：一个大热天，一个胖子和一个瘦子穿着红衣服，汗湿了，很伤心。big hot fat thin red wet sad （ 5）主语必须与对比成分保持一致：Her hair is longer t han yours.( your hair)（ 6）比较级 and比较级：越来越e.g. They talked more and more loudly. （ 7） the 比较级 , the比较级 ；越 就越 The more exercise you do, the stronger you ll be.（ 9） “Which / Who is + 比较级， A or B？”e.g. Which T-shirt is nicer, this one or that one?（10） the+比较级 +of the（ two ） : 两者中较 的一个；如：Of the twins, she was the more hard-working . （ 11）比较级前可用“ 数词 +名词 ”表示确定的度量。如：I am (5 years) older than him The room is (3 times) as large as that one. （ 12）比较级常与much, even, far, than, a little, a bit, a lot 等连用 . 3. 讲述：tell a story/lie/joke. tell 告诉 ： tell sb. sth.= tell sth. to sb. ; tell sb. (not) to do sth. 辨别；识别： Can you tell the differences between the twins? 4. look like : 看起来像（外貌）She is pretty tall. be like: 像（性格，外貌）He is outgoing/ serious. 5. 使显现；使表现出：The dress brings out the color of her skin. bring out 生产；出版：The factory brings out a new kind of car. bring out the best/worst in sb. 激发出某人最好/最差的品质 . 6. (n) 小心； 谨慎Take care! 当心 /保重Cross the road with care. care 介意；在乎（=mind ）I don t care what happens. care about: 关心；在意如： He doesn t care about anything people say.care for 关心；照顾= take care of 或 look after 喜欢；想要（否或疑）如：Would you care for a cup of coffee? 7 both：两个都；用在实动之前，其它动词之后You are both too young. They both speak English. both of .+ 名词复数如： Both of the flowers are beautiful. 两朵花都很漂亮。both and 两者都 反义词组： neither nor两者都不 8. (v) 接触；触摸：Don t touch the paint!请勿触油漆 ! 触动；感动I was touched/moved by his words. 我被他的话打动了。(n)接触；联系 : keep in /lose touch with sb. 与.保持失去联系get in touch with sb. 与 .取得联系touch精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 15 页6 10. She made me laugh and feel better. ( laugh at sb. 笑话；取笑某人) make/let /have sb. do sth.= get sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事make+宾语 +形容词 : 使某人 /某事怎样如：His words make us happy. 11. It s not easy for me to make friends. (make frien ds with sb. 与.交朋友 ) It s+adj.+ for sb.+ to do sth.: 某人做某事怎么样. (It 是形式主语， to do sth.是真正主语 ) Unit 4 What s the best movie theater? 重点短语：So far 目前为止havein common有共同点all kinds of 各种各样的up to,由决定play a role 起作用make up 编造for example 例如takeseriously认真对待考点：1. 最高级：表示三者或三者以上(人或物 )之间的比较。（ 1）最高级基本句型结构：主语+ 谓语动词+ the + adj./adv.( 最) + of/in 如： Tara is the youngest of all. Linda draws (the) most carefully in her class. 注： (1) 副词的最高级前可省略“the” ： 如： sit (the) most comfortably 坐得最舒适(2) 最高级前有其它的限定词时，不加“the” ： my best friend （ 2） Which / Who +the + 最高级 , A, B or C ? e.g. Which do you like (the) best, apples, pears or oranges? （ 3） one of +the +最高级（形） +名（复）： “ 最之一 ” 。e.g. Jack Chen is one of the most famous actors in the world. （ 4） the + 序数词 +最高级（形）+名 （单） ： e.g. Hainan is the second largest island in China. （ 5） This is the +最高级（形）+名（单） + that 从句：e.g. This is the worst movie that I have ever seen. 这是我曾经看过的最糟糕的电影。（ 6） a+最高级（形）+名（单）: 表示 “ 非常 ” 。e.g. Spring is a best season. 2. 原级、比较级、最高级的相互转换（ 1）原级与比较级的转换：比较级+than not.as/so.as. e.g. He speaks more loudly than me. I don t speak as/so loudly as he/him.（ 2）比较级与最高级的转换：the other +名（复）（在范围之内）the+最高级 比较级 +than+ any other+名（单）e.g. Jim is the tallest student in our class. Jim is taller than any other student in our class. 3. be up to sb.( to decide.) 由某人决定be up to (doing) sth. 胜任；适合4. What s up? = What wrong?= What s the matter? 怎么哪？what s more: 另外；还有what s worse: 更糟糕的是5How do you like the neighbor hood so far? 同义句：（ 1）How is the neighborhood? （ 2）What do you think of the neighborhood? 6. thanks for (doing) sth. = thank sb. for (doing) sth. 感谢某人做某事精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 15 页7 7No problem. 1). 不客气（回答感谢）2）没关系（回答道歉）3) 没问题（回答请求）8do sth. ( 经常或已发生 ) doing sth. ( 某次或正在发生) 如： I saw her come into the classroom. (已发生 ) I saw them playing basketball yesterday. ( 某次或正在发生) 10. 全世界：around the world = in the world = all over the world. 11. have sth. in common (with sb.): （与某人）在某方面有共同之处。12. Close (v):关闭；封闭close the door/road. (adj): 近的；接近的He is close to success. 他快要成功了。亲密的；密切的my close friend (adv): 接近；靠近He sits close to the window. 他坐在窗户旁边。13play a role in . 在.扮演角色 /起作用如： play an important role in play a role of . 扮演 .角色如： play a role of a reporter 14. 伪造；编造I made up a story as I went along. 我现场编了一个故事。（为）化妆；打扮The performers are making themselves up. 组成；构成Girls make up 45% of the students. make up for : 弥补；补偿如：You should do something to make up for your mistake. 16.give sb. a way to do sth : 给某人提供一个做. 的方式。come true: （梦想等）实现17. be talented in: 在. 有天赋She is talented in music. have a talent for (doing) sth. ：有 . 的天赋He has a talent for painting. Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show? 重点短语：Find out 查明soap opera肥皂剧action movie 动作电影be ready to 准备做某事dress up化妆打扮take sb s place 代替do a good job做得好hope to do sth希望做某事have a discussion讨论expect to do sth. 期待做某事考点：1. plan (n)计划：make a plan to do sth.= plan to do sth. 制定计划做 make a plan for sth. 为 制定计划如: make a plan for your trip. (v) 计划 ;打算： plan (to do) sth 2. stand 站立： stand up 代表 : stand for sth. 容忍（否） : can t stand (doing) sth. 如: I can t stand telling lies.3. - What do you think of soap operas? 1). 认为；以为：如: What do you think of sitcoms. 想起；记得：如: I can t think ofhis name now. 考虑；关心：如: Lei Feng always thought of other people first. watch/see/hear/feel/find/notice( 注意) + sb. make upthink of 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 15 页8 think about: 考虑如: He is thinking about going on vacation . think out: 想出如: think out a plan think over : 仔细考虑 . 2). (n) 头脑；想法；心思(v)注意；留心：如: Mind your head! 当心别碰头！介意；反对（否，疑问，条状）如: Would you mind opening the window? Would /Do you mind (doing) sth.? 你介意。 。吗？never mind： 没关系（回答道歉: sorry） ；别担心（用于安慰对方: I broke the cup.）4. (n)希望：如 : He never gave up his hope. (1) (v)希望： hope to do sth. ; hope +that 从句 . I hope so. 我希望如此。I hope not. 我不希望如此。(2) 但愿（虚拟） ： wish +that 从句 . 如: I wish that I were a bird. 希望：wish（ sb.） to do sth. 如 : Do you really wish me to go? 祝愿： wish +sb.+ adj./n. 如: wish you success; （ 3） find out ：查明；弄清楚如: You d better find out who broke the window. look for ：寻找如: They looked for it everywhere, but they didn t find it. (4) 发生 (happen)：What s going on here?进展： How did you go on in your study? 你的学习进展得怎么样？继续同一件事： go on doing sth. e.g. It will go on raining all day. 另一件事 : go on to do sth. Stop reading. Let s go on to lisetn. 5 discussion(n); discuss(v) about sth. = discuss (about) sth. 讨论 with sb. = discuss with sb. 与讨论6. 跟随：如： I followed her up the steps. 我跟着她上了楼梯。1). 遵循；服从（命令；规则等）如： Follow my advice. 沿着 前进：如：Follow the road to the bridge. 理解；听清楚(sb) 如：You speak too fast for me to follow. 2) . 发生 (go on)： What h appened to you?= What s wrong with you?巧遇 /偶然做 .：I happened to be out when you called . 71). 期望；盼望：expect sth/that+从句 : I expect the result. expect (sb. )to do sth. I expect (you) to win the game. 预料；认为：I expect that he will come soon. I expect so: 我认为如此I expect not.= I don t expect so.我不认为如此2). learn from ：从 中学到 ; learn from ：向 学习followmindhopewishgo onhave a discussion happenexpect精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 15 页9 8. famous be famous for.: 因（技能；特色）出名有名的；著名的be famous as.: 因（身份；产地）出名9. 出来；花开；发芽： It s wonderful to watch the stars come out at night. (书刊、产品等） 上市；发行：His new record （唱片）came out last week. (秘密；真相）传出；大白：The truth will come out sooner or later. 10 try 尽力做 .: try to do sth. 尝试做 .: try doing sth. He tried opening the door, but he failed have a try: 试一试try on：试穿（衣、鞋等）11 无论哪个（肯） ：You can ask me any question at any time. 任何一个 /一些 (条状 ) ：If you have any problem(s),please tell me. 若干；一些 (否、疑问 )：Are there any messages for me? 4) danger(n)- dangerous(adj) 危险的； in danger 处于危险中；out of danger 摆脱危险12. 失去；丢失such as losing his girlfriend 迷失 (方向、路 ) lose the way 输掉 (（比赛）lose the game ; lose to sb : 输给某人13. ready be ready to do sth. 准备 /乐于做 . ; be ready for sth. 为.做准备愿意的；准备好的get ready to do sth./ for sth. (为)准备（做 .）14. dress up: 化妆 ;打扮dress up as sb. 化妆成某人be /get dressed (in.)穿.衣2) take one s place = take the place of sb. : 代替；替换take place : 发生 (happen) Unit 6 I m going to study computer science 重点短语：computer programmer 计算机程序员be sure about确信make sure,确保write down 写下have to do with 和有关take up 开始agree with 同意keep on doing sth.,保持做某事try one s best, 尽某人最大努力at the beginning of 在开始考点：1 grow up 长大；成长grow into. 长成He has grown into a young man 2. I m going to keep on writing stories 我将继续写故事。保持（状态） ：如：keep healthy. Keep the door open 记（日记、账簿）如：keep a diary 抚养（人） ；饲养（动）如：keep his family; keep a pet. 保留；留下如：You can keep the book for two days. 持续keep (sb.)doing sth. (不停 )做如： They kept me talking. keep on doing sth. (间歇后 )做如： keep on trying keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做 keep up with 跟上；赶上3. come outanylose /lostkeep 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 15 页10 to do sth. 一定会 .