2022年新目标英语八年级下册重点 .pdf
学习必备欢迎下载八年级（下）新目标英语重点短语及句型总汇Unit 1 Will people have robots? 1. fewer people 更少的人（fewer修饰名词复数，表示否定）2. less free time 更少的空闲时间（less修饰不可数名词，表示否定）3. in ten years 10 年后（in的时间短语用于将来时，提问用How soon）4. fall in love with sbsth 爱上某人 某物 5. live alone 单独居住6. feel lonely 感到孤独 The girl walked alone along the street, but she didnt feel lonely 。那女孩独自沿着街道走，但她并不感到孤独7. keep/feed a pet pig养一头宠物猪8. fly to the moon 飞上月球9. hundreds of + 复数名词数百/几百（概数，类似还有thousands of; millions of）10. the same as 和相同11. A is different from B A 与 B 不同(=There is a difference /There are differences between A and B)12.wake up醒来（ wake sb. up表示 “ 唤醒某人 ”13. get bored 变得厌倦（get/become是连系动词， 后跟形容词如tired/angry/excited等）14. go skating去滑冰（类似还有go hiking/fishing /skating/bike riding等）15. lots of/a lot of 许多（后接可数名词或不可数名词）16. at the weekends /on weekends 在周末精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 39 页学习必备欢迎下载17. study on computers 通过电脑学习18. agree with sb. 同意某人 (的意见 ) 19. I dont agree. = I disagree.我不同意20. on a piece of paper 在一张纸上（注意paper/information/news/work/homework/housework 等是常考到的不可数名词）21. on vacation 度假22. help sb with sth/ help sb do sth 帮助某人做某事23. many different kinds of pets 许多不同种宠物24. live in an apartment住在公寓里/live on the twelfth floor 住在 12 楼25. live at NO.332,Shanghai Street 住在上海路 332 号26. as a reporter作为一名记者27. look smart 显得精神 /看起来聪明28. Are you kidding? 你在骗我吗 ？29. in the future 在将来/在未来30. be able to do sth. 能/会做某事will be able to do sth. 将能/会做某事31. l （be able to用于各种时态，而 can只能用于一般现在时态和一般过去时态中；have to用于各种时态，而must只能用于一般现在时态）例如：1.I have been able to/will be able to speak two languages. （不可以用 can）2. will have to/ had to stay at home. （不可以用 must）本单元目标句型：1. What do you think life will be like in 100 years? 2. There will be fewer trees、more buildings and less pollution in the future. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 39 页学习必备欢迎下载fewer修饰可数名词复数；less修饰不可数名词； more既可以修饰可数名词复数也可以修饰不可数名词。3. Will kids go to school? No, they wont/Yes, they will 本单元语法讲解一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。本时态标志词：1.含 tomorrow; next短语；2.in+段时间； 3.how soon ；4.by+将来时间；5.by the time sb.do 6.祈使句句型中：or/and sb. will do 7.在时间 /条件状语从句中 , 如果从句用一般现在时 , 主句用将来时8.another day 比较 be going to 与 will: be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情， will 表示的将来时间则较远一些。如： He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day. 2. be going to 表示根据 主观判断 将来肯定发生的事情，will 表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。He is seriously ill. He is going to die. He will be twenty years old. 3. be going to 含有“ 计划，准备 ” 的意思，而will 则没有这个意思，如：She is going to lend us her book. He will be here in half an hour. 4.在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用be going to, 而多用 will, 如：If any beasts comes at you, Ill stay with you and help you. 掌握了它们的这些不同，你就能很好的区分be going to与 will 了。一般将来时常见的标志词1.含 tomorrow; next短语；2.in+段时间；3.how soon ；4.by+将来时间；5.祈使句句型中： or/and sb. will do 例 Be quick, or you will be late=If you dont be quick, you will be late6.在时间 /条件状语从句中 , 如果从句用一般现在时 , 主句用将来时（另见Unit 5）精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 39 页学习必备欢迎下载Unit 2 What should I do? 1. too loud 太大声2. out of style 过时的3. in style 流行的4. call sb up=ring sb.up=call/ring/phone sb. 给.打电话5. enough money 足够的钱 (enough修饰名词时不必后置)6. busy enough 够忙 (enough修饰形容词或副词时必须后置) 7. a ticket to/for a ball game 一张球赛的门票注意：the key to the lock/the key(answer)r to the question)/the solution to the problem .此处几个短语不能用of表示所有格8. talk about 谈论9. on the phone 用电话10. pay for 付款11. spendon +sth.=spend .( in) doing sth. 在花钱12.It takes sb. sometime to do sth.某人做某事花 的时间13. borrow from从. 借( 借进来) 14. lendto把借给（借出去）15. You can keep the book for a week 你可以借这本书一周。（不用borrow或lend）16. buy sth for sb为买东西17. tell sb to do /not to do sth.sth 告诉某人做某事18. want sb. to do sth.=would like sb. to do 想某人做某事19. find out 发现；查清楚；弄明白精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 39 页学习必备欢迎下载20. play one s stereo放录象21. fail the test=not pass the test 考试不及格22. fail in (doing) sth在.上失败 ,变弱23. succeed in (doing) sth 在.方面成功24. write sb a letter/write to sb. 给某人写信25. surprise sb. 使某人吃惊（类似有：surprise/interest/please/amaze+某人）26. to one s surprise使某人吃惊的是 .27. to one s joy使某人高兴的是 .28. look for a part-time job 找一份兼职的工作（不一定有结果）29. get/find a part-time job 找到一份兼职的工作（有结果）30. ask sb. for寻求 /向某人要某物31. have a bake sale 卖烧烤32. argue with sb = have an argument with sb. 与某人争吵33. have a fight with sb.=fight with 与某人打架34. drop off 离去；散去；逐渐减少 ;死去35. prepare for=get ready for为做准备36. after-school clubs 课外俱乐部be/get used to doing 习惯做某事used to do 过去经常 /常常做某事be used for doing=be used to do sth. 被用于做某事37. fill up 填补；装满 38. return sth. to sb.=give sth. back to sb.把某物归还给某人39. get on /along well wit与相处很好精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 39 页学习必备欢迎下载40. all kinds of各种各样41. as much as possible=as much as possible尽可能多42. take part in=join in 参加（某种活动/集会）43. a bit =a little 一点儿（当修饰形容词或比较级时）44. a bit of =a little 一点儿 /一些（当修饰不可数名词时）45. be angry with生的气46. by oneself+on one s own某人自己 /独自地47. on the one hand一方面48. on the other hand另一方面49. I find/feel/think it difficult to do.我发现 /感到/认为做某事很难 . 50. see/hear/watch sb. doing sth.看到/听见/注视某人正在做 51. notuntil 直到才（谓语动词一般是非延续动词）52. 表示某人情绪有关的形容词用法: be/become+ upset/tired/excited/interested/worried/surprised/amazed/annoyed说明：当主语是 某人时，注意后面的形容词一般是-ed 结尾的单词，而当主语是某物时或修饰名词时，注意后面形容词一般是-ing 结尾单词 .）例如:I was surprised/interested/amazed when I heard the surprising/interesting/amazing news. 本单元目标句型：What s wrong(with you)?/What s the matter?1. What should I do? 我该怎么办2. You could write him a letter.你可以给他写封信 . 3. You should say sorry to him. 你应该给他道歉 . 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 39 页学习必备欢迎下载4. They shouldn t argue.他们不应该争吵 . 5. Why don t you talk to him about it?=Why not talk to him about it? =You should/could talk to him about it. =What/How about talking to him about it. =Youd better talk to him about it.Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived? 1. in front of 在的前面（外部）2. in the front of在的前面（内部）3. in the library 在图书馆4. get out of/get into 出之外/进入5. sleep late 睡懒觉6. sleep well 睡得好7. get to sleep 睡着8. walk down/along沿走9. take off (飞机)起飞；脱下（衣帽）10. on Sunday evening 在星期日晚上注意:（特指某日如星期、假日、某月某日或某个特定的上、下午、晚上用on）11. in the tree 在树上12. take photos照相13. at the train station 在火车站14. run away 跑开，逃跑 + 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 39 页学习必备欢迎下载15. as+adj原形 as 和一样例如： She is (not) as beautiful as her sister. I can run as fast as he(him) 16. buy/draw/make sth. for sb. 为某人买 /画/制作17. walk home 走回家18. in history 在历史上19. for example 例如20. in the city of 在市21. on the playground在操场上22. ten minutes ago 十分钟前23. take place 发生（强调必然性）24. happen to sth./sb. 发生（强调偶然性）例如： What happened to you? =Whats the matter with you?=Whats wrong with you?25. of course=sure=certainly 当然26. all over the world=around the world 遍及全世界27. outside/inside the station 在车站外 /内28. next to 相邻，紧贴29. close to 接近于；在附近30. be ill in hospital/bed生病住院 /在床31. hear about/of听说（间接听到）32. in silence沉默不语精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 39 页学习必备欢迎下载本单元目标句型 : What were you doing when I arrived/at that time/at 8:00 last night/from 9:00 to 10:00 yesterday? 1. I was doing sth. When+ 一般过去时的时间状语从句.2. How about. / What about.? 3. While sth./sb. was doing sth., I was doing sth. 4. 当不明飞行物着陆时，你正在干啥？What were you doing when the UFO landed? 5. 当妈妈正在做饭时， 我在看电视。 While my mother was cooking ,I was watching TV. 本单元语法讲解过去进行时（ Past Progressive Tense）句型 S + was/were +V-ing例 A：She was doing her homework at 8:30 yesterday evening. （昨天傍晚八点半她正在做家庭作业。）例 B：We were having supper at that time. （那个时候我们正在吃晚饭。）解说如例 1 所示，在单句中使用过去进行时来表达时必须把该动作正在进行中的时间表明清楚， 否则就不合逻辑了。 例如：I was taking a bath yesterday. （错）（昨天我正在洗澡 昨天 24 小时都正在洗澡吗？）所以本句应该如例1 来表达，或者用一般过去时表达如下：I took a bath yesterday. （昨天我洗了澡。）精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 39 页学习必备欢迎下载如果由上下文的文意，或者对谈中的话意可以了解“ 动作正在进行中的时间” ，单句里就使用过去进行时来表达是很普通的，例如：A：I called you up yesterday evening. B：Did you? At what time? A：At around ten oclock. （大约在十点钟。）B：Oh, I was taking a bath then. （哦，当时我正在洗澡。）过去进行时在表达上常用的句式是如例2 所示和另一个一般过去时的动作相搭配。请观察下面的图解说明：过去有二动作 A 和 B（如图示），在 B 动作发生时稍早发生的A 动作正好在进行中，所以这种表达法通常都是复句（主句+副词从句）。例如：When I got up this morning, Mother was preparing breakfast in the kitchen. （今天早上我起床时妈妈正在厨房里准备早餐。“Mother。” 是主句，“when ，” 是副词从句。）常用于修饰过去进行时的时间副词：过去的某一定点时刻（at + 过去的时刻），then （= at that time）（那时，当时）， all + 时间， “When /While /As”等副词从句， etc. Unit 4 He said I was hard-working 1. every Saturday每周六2. first of all 首先3. both and 两者都（谓语动词要注意对称原则）4. neither .nor 两者都不（谓语动词要注意就近和对称原则）5. most of 绝大多数6. an exciting week 令人兴奋的一周精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 39 页学习必备欢迎下载7. agree on something 同意某人的计划；对 . 取得一致意见8. agree to do sth. 答应/同意做 9. pass on传递10. be supposed to do sth.被期望或被要求做 . . 11. be mad at 对疯狂/生气12. do better in=be better at在.方面做得更好13. be in good health身体健康14. report card 成绩单15. sound /feel /smell /taste /look 是连系动词，一般只能跟adj.做表语16. sound like/feel like/smell like/taste like/look like 听起来像 / 感觉像 / 闻起来像 / 尝起来像 / 看起来像 + sb./sth.17. get over克服；恢复；原谅18. open up打开/展开/开发/揭露19. care for照料；照顾；意愿；计较20. have a party for sb. 为某人举行一次聚会21. end-of-year exam=final exam期末考试 本单元目标句型： 间接引语句型 转述他人话语 :What did sb. say? He said I She said she They said1. 许老师告诉我徐梦蝶会说二种语言。Mr. Xu told me that XuMengdie could speak three languages. 2. 许老师说地球绕着太阳转。 Mr. Xu said (that)the earth turns around the sun. 3. 许老师告诉我他将去北京。He told me he would go to Beijing the next day. 4. 许老师说欧洋正在做作业Mr. Xu said OuYang was doing his homework at that time. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 39 页学习必备欢迎下载5. 许老师说王硕研勤奋。 Mr. Xu said Wang Shuoyan was hard-working. 6. 在英语上，与听相比，我更擅长于读。In English, Im better at reading than listening. 7. 情况怎样？How s it going?8. 她不想再当我最好的朋友了。She didn t want to be my best friend anymore.本单元语法讲解直接引语和间接引语（一）直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直接引语必须放在引号内，间接引语则不用引号。直接引语改为间接引语时，除将引语部分变成宾语从句外，还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。1. 时态的变化：直接引语变为间接引语时，通常受转述动词said，asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态，即把原来的时态向过去推，也就是一般现在时变一般过去时，现在进行时变为过去进行时等。例如：Tom said to me, “My brother is doing his homework.”Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework. 2. 人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化；根据意义进行相应的变化。如：She asked Jack,“Where have you been?” She asked Jack where he had been. He said, “These books are mine. ”精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 39 页学习必备欢迎下载He said that those books were his. （二）直接引语改为间接引语时，都使用陈述语序，但是因为原句的句式不同，所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。1.陈述句的间接引语：陈述句由直接引语变间接引语，由 that引导，可以省略。“I want the blue one.” he told us. “ 我想要兰色的。 ” 他说。He told us that he wanted the blue one.他说他想要兰色的。She said to me, “You cant do anything now. ”她对我说： “ 此刻你无法做任何事情。 ”She told me that I couldnt do anything then.她对我说那时我无法做任何事。2. 疑问句的间接引语直接引语如果是疑问句，变成间接引语后，叫做间接疑问句。间接疑问句为陈述语序，句末用句号，动词时态等的变化与间接陈述句相同。引述动词常用 ask, wonder, want to know等间接疑问句一般有三种：(1)一般疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，由whether或 if 引导。如：“Has he ever worked in Shanghai? ”Jim asked. “他在上海工作过吗？ ” 吉姆问。Jim asked whether/if he had ever worked in Shanghai. 吉姆问他是否在上海工作过。“Can you tell me the way to the hospital?” The old man asked. 那个老人问： “ 你能告诉我去医院的路吗？The old man asked whether I could tell him the way to the hospital. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页，共 39 页学习必备欢迎下载那老人问我是否能告诉他去医院路。(2).特殊疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，仍由原来的疑问词引导。如：“Which room do you live in?” He asked. “你住哪个房间？ ” 他问我。He asked me which room I lived in. 他问我住哪个房间。“What do you think of the film?” She asked.她问“ 你怎么看这部电影？ ” She asked her friend what she thought of the film.她问她朋友怎么看这部电影。(3).选择疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，由whether/if or引导。如：“Is it your bike or Tom s? Mum asked.妈妈问： “ 这是你的自行车还是汤姆的？” Mum asked whether/if it was my bike or Toms.妈妈问这是我的自行车还是汤姆的。“Does your sister like blue dresses or green ones?” Kate asked.“ 你妹妹喜欢兰色的裙子还是绿色的？” 凯特问。Kate asked whether/if my sister liked blue dresses or green ones.凯特问我妹妹喜欢兰色裙子还是绿色的。3. 祈使句的间接引语当祈使句变为间接引语时，间接祈使句的引述动词常用tell，ask，order，beg ，request ，order 等，而把直接祈使句变成带to的不定式短语。如：Jack said, “Please come to my house tomorrow, Mary. ”杰克说： “ 玛丽，明天请到我家来。 ” Jack asked Mary to go to his house the next day.杰克请玛丽第二天到他家去。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 14 页，共 39 页学习必备欢迎下载The teacher said to the students, ”Stop talking.”老师对学生们说： “ 不要讲话了。 ”The teacher told the students to stop talking. 老师让学生们不要说话了。“Don t touch anything.” He said. “不要碰任何东西。 ” 他说。He told us not to touch anything. 他对我们说不要碰任何东西。4. 动词时态和代词等的变动 (1). 某些代词，限定词，表示时间或地点的副词和个别动词在间接引语中的变化规则：直接引语间接引语todaythat day now then, at that momentyesterdaythe day beforethe day before yesterday two days beforetomorrowthe next day / the following daythe day after tomorrow two days after, / in two days next week/ month etc the next week/month etclast week/ month etc the week / month etc. before here therethisthatthesethosecomegobringtake(2). 如果引述动词为现在时形式，则间接引语中的动词时态，代词，限定词和精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 15 页，共 39 页学习必备欢迎下载表示时间或地点的副词不用变化。而如果引述动词是过去时，以上内容就要有相应变化。变化情况如下： 现在时间推移到过去的时间(注意:如果直接引语是表示客观规律的 ,那么时态仍然用一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时；现在进行时过去进行时；一般将来时过去将来时；现在完成时过去完成时；Unit 5 If you go to the party，youll have a great time!1. at the party 在晚会上2. ask sb. to do sth. 请某人做某事3. stay at home 呆在家4. half the class/students 一半学生5. get injured 受伤6. have a great time玩得高兴7. take away 运走，取走8. all the time=always一直，始终9. make a living谋生10. in order to do为了做某事11. have a party举行聚会12. go to college 上大学13. be famous for 因而著称14. make money挣钱精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 16 页，共 39 页学习必备欢迎下载15. in fact事实上16. laugh at 嘲笑17. too much太多(修饰不可数名词)18. too many太多(修饰可数名词复数)19. much too+ 形容词 /副词太 20. get exercise 锻炼注意:（exercise当“锻炼”是不可数名词；而当“操”“练习”是可数名词）21. travel around the world周游世界22. work hard 努力工作23. wear jeans穿牛仔裤24. let . in允许进入，嵌入25. get an education获得教育26. take away拿开，拿走本单元目标句型：1. If you do, youll 2. Im going to 3. You should4. Don t you want to ?5. Don t you think .?如果许老师去参加晚会， 我们将会玩得非常高兴。If Mr. Xu goes to the party, well have a great time. 如果你穿牛仔裤去晚会，许老师将不会让你进入。If you wear jeans to the party, Mr. Xu won t let you in. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 17 页，共 39 页学习必备欢迎下载本单元语法讲解if 引导的条件状语从句。If 是连词，所连接的句子叫条件状语从句，表示假设或条件，意思是“ 如果的话” ，用法如下：1、表示假设，表示将会发生和可能发生的事，或进行提醒警告。 句子结构如下：If +句子（一般现在时）， +主句（主语 will/may/can) +动词）a. If you finish your homework , you can go out and play. b. If I have enough money next year , I will go to travel . 2. 表示真实条件、客观真理、自然现象、定理定义. 民间谚语等，句型是： If + 句子（一般现在时），+ 主句（ 一般现在时） . 例： If you study hard ,you are sure to succeed . If you put ice in a warm place ,it turns into water . If a glass falls on the floor, it usually breaks If you cook a banana, it becomes very soft . If a plant dont get enough light ,it grows very tall and thin.Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells? 1. how long 多长时间了？start class/skating/to skate 开始上课 /滑冰= begin class/skating/to skate 2. a skating marathon 一场滑冰马拉松would like = d like愿意、想要3. run out of 跑完by the way 顺便问一下4. more than = over 超过精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 18 页，共 39 页学习必备欢迎下载ever since 自从5. raise money for charity 筹集善款6. five and a half years 五年半the whole five hours 整整五个小时7. in Russian style 以俄罗斯的风格8. raise money 筹钱9. collect stamps 集邮10. on the way to. 在的路上be interested in 对感兴趣11. 7. more than=over 超过fly kites 放风筝12. three and a half years =three years and a half 三年半13. a pair of skates/shoes/glasses/trousers/jeans 14. 一双滑冰鞋 /
