2022年人教版八年级上册英语语法大全 .pdf

人教版八年级上册英语语法大全1. 否定句型1) 一般否定句I dont know this. No news is good news. There is no person (smoke)/not a person/not any person (smoke) in the house. 2)特指否定He went to his office, not to see him. I am sorry for not coming on time. I dont think/believe/suppose/feel/imagine you are right. 3)部分否定All the answers are not right/All is not gold that glitters I dont know all of them./I cant see everybody/everything. Both of them are not right. 4)全体否定None of my friends smoke./I can see nothing/nobody. Neither of them is right./Nothing can be so simple as this. 5) 延续否定You didnt see him, neither/nor did I. You dont know, I dont know either. He doesnt know English, let alone/to say nothing of/not to speak of (更不用说 ) French. 6) 半否定句We seldom/hardly/scarcely/barely hear such fine singing. I know little English. I saw few people. 7) 双重否定You cant make something out of nothing./Whats done cannot be undone. There is no sweet without sweat./No gain without pains. I cant help /keep/ laughing whenever I hear it. No man is so old but (that) he can learn. 8)排除否定Everyone is ready except you./He did nothing but play. But for your help, I couldnt do it. 9)加强否定I wont do it at all./I cant see it any more./He is no longer a boy. 2. 判断句型1) 一般判断句It is important for us to learn English. It is kind of you to help me sincere means honest. The boy is called/named Tom. We regarded/consider it as an honor. 2)强调判断It is English that we should learn./It is he who helped me a lot. 3)弱式判断精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 23 页Your sentence doesnt sound/look/appear/feel right. You look/seem as if/as thought you had been there before. Maybe/Perhaps/ she is ill. He is probably ill./He is likely ill. /It is possible that he is late 4) 注释判断He can remember so many English words, that is (to say) he is a living dictionary.(活字典 ) 5) 正反判断That sounds all right, but in fact it is not. 6) 比较判断It is more a picture than a poem. 7) 互斥判断He or you are wrong. Either he is right or I am. 3. 祝愿祁使句式1) 一般句式Study hard and keep fit. Be brave! Dont be shy! Get out of here. 2)强语式Do tell me. Never tell a lie. 3) 委婉祈使句Please tell me the true. Would/Will/Wont do me a favor? Would/Do you mind my smoking? What/How/ about going on foot? 4)建议祈使句Let us go. Let us know the time. Dont let the fire out. Lets not waste the time. Youd better start early. Shall we listen to some music? Why dont you get something to drink? Suppose/supposing you pick me up at about six? I suggest we (should) take the train. 5)祝愿句Success to you! /Wish you a good journey. May you have a happy marriage. /Heres to your success! Allow me to propose a toast to our friendship! 4. 感叹句型How well he speaks! /How kind she is! /What a nice weather it is! Here he comes! /Such is life! /Wonderful! / Help! 5. 疑问句型1) 一般疑问句Is he a doctor?/Do you the way to the station? 2)反意疑问句He is a teacher, isnt he?/It is quite cheap, dont you think? 3) 特殊疑问句What is the distance/width/size/population/temperature/fare? Who is he? What is he?(干什么的 )/What is he like? / How is he? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 23 页How do you like him? /What do you think of him? What ever do you mean by saying this? 4)选择疑问句He is a doctor or a nurse? 5)间接疑问句Do you know how old he is? /Tell me if (whether) you like it. What do you think/say/suppose I should do? 6. 数词句型1) 表数目It is exactly ten oclock./It is five miles away from here. He is more than/over/ at least not less than 20. He is under/at most/no more than 20. 2)表年月日He was born on April 22 1994/in 1994 on the morning of Oct.1. 3)表年龄He is 20 years old/years of age./He is at the age of 10. 4)表倍数It is four times that of last years. This is four times as big (again) as that one. This is four times bigger than that one. The income is double what it was. The output of coal was 200% greater than in 1998. 5)表计量It is 10 meters long/wide/high./It costs me 100 yuan. I spent 10 hours to finish it./It took me 10 days to finish it. It is worth 100 yuan. 7. 关联指代句型1)两项关连I have two books, one is Chinese; the other English. I have five books, one is Chinese; the others English. To say is one thing, but/and/ to do is another. One the one hand, I am your teacher, and on the other hand, I am also you friend. Some like to play football, others are fond of basketball. 2)先后顺序First/firstly, I wish good health, second/secondly success in your study, third/thirdly good luck in everything. First stop, then look, finally cross. At first/in the beginning/ he word hard. Later/Afterwards he is not so diligent. 3)修饰限制This is the same book as I lost yesterday. This is the same book that I lost yesterday.( 同一本书 ) Dont trust such a man as over praise you. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 23 页He/One/Those/They who should come failed to appear. A man/A person/The one/Anyone/People who saw her liked her very much. The day/time/moment will come when China is strongest in the world. 4) 两项连接He can speak not only English but also French. The book is both interesting and instructive. It is neither cold nor hot. Please either come in or go out. The old worker has experience and knowledge as well. 5)加和关系Besides literature, we have grammar and writing. Apart from oxygen, there are some other gases in the air. In addition to if, there is many other conjunctions that can introduce conditional clauses. I must go now, incidentally, if you want that book. You seem to like tea, so do I. 8. 比较句型1)等比句He is as tall as I. / He is the same height as I. She is no less diligent than he. The lab is no better than a cottage. 2) 差比句I speak English worse than he does./He is not so/as tall as I am. Our knowledge is much inferior to their. 3) 极比句He is the tallest of all in the class. None/No one/ is so blind as those that wont see. Nothing is so easy as this. 4)比例句The more a man knows, the more he feels his ignorance( 无知 ). 5) 择比句He is taller than any other boy in the class It is better late than never./They would die than live as slaves He prefers doing to talking/He prefers to do rather than to talk. He prefers mathematics to English./Id rather stay here. 6)对比句You think me idle, but on the contrary, I am busy. They are working hard while you are wasting your time. 9. 比喻句型We must work like him./He behaves as his father does. He speaks English as if/though he was a foreigner. 10. 条件假设句1) 一般事实If we succeed, what will the people say? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 23 页Suppose it rains, what shall we do? Persevere(坚持 ) and youll succeed. 2)虚拟条件句If I were you, I would go./If you had seen it, you would have been moved. 3)反条件句Unless you try, youll never succeed./Dont move, or/else/otherwise Ill shot. 4)唯一条件句If only I have another chance, I shall do better. Only in this way can we learn English well. So/As long as we dont lose heart, well succeed. 5)推论条件句Since that is so, there is no more to say. Now that you are grown up, you must stop this behavior. 11. 时间句型1)一般时When I see him, Ill tell him. 2) 表同时Youll grow wiser as you grow older. Work while you work, play while you play. He worked, at the same/in the meantime he listened to the music. 3)限制时Every/each time when I went to his house, he was out. By the time that we got there, he was out. 4)交替时Sometimes he sings, sometimes he dances. At one time the baby cries, at another it talks. 5)先时I stopped hem before he began to talk with me. 6)后时Ill tell you after I finish it. 7)紧接时As soon as I see him, Ill tell him. Once you begin, you must continue. The (very) moment/instant (that) I saw him, I recognized him. On hearing the news, she bust into tears. Hardly had I seen the light, when I heard a loud thundering. 8)延续时I havent seen him since I came here. A friend is never know till/until a man have need. 12. 地点句型1) 一般地点Where have you been? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 23 页Where there is a will, there is a way. 2)方位Hebei lies in the east of China. Japan is lies to the east of China. The house faces (to) the south. He is sitting at the front of the classroom He is standing in front of/before me. He is sitting at the back of/behind me. He is sitting in the back of/at the rear of the classroom. He is sitting next to/besides me. He is sitting close to/near me. At the top of/On top of the shelf, there are some books. He is sitting on the left/right. The mountain you see to the right is the Purple Mountain. 13. 原因句型He didnt go to school because he was ill. Since we are all here, lets begin our meeting. It might rain yesterday, for the ground was wet. Now (that) we have finished the work, we can go home. I am glad to meet you. I am sorry that I hear that. Thank you for your help. That is why he failed to come. He didnt come because of/on account of the weather. He went out of curiosity. I succeeded thanks to his help. This failure is due to the fact they lack experience. Owing to our joint efforts, the task was fulfilled. What are studying English for? For what reason did you choose this? Whats the point of asking his to do that? How come you never told me about it? What with the wind and what with the rain, our walk was spoiled. 14. 目的句型He stopped aside so that she could go in. He sits in the front in order that he can see words clearly. He gets up early so as to/in order to have time to do exercises. He repeated it for fear that there should be any mistake. 15. 结果句型It was very cold, so that the river froze. They cost a lot of money, so/therefore we use them carefully. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 23 页He is such a good man that every one likes him. He ran so fast that no one could catch him. He hurried to the house only to find that it was empty. I was caught in the rain. As a result, I had a bad cold. 16. 程度句型How often do you write to your parents? How long do you stay at home? It is so beautiful that we all love it. It is too big for you. He is too excited to speak. He is not old enough to know this. The letter must be sent as soon as possible You must work as hard as you can. As far as I know, I can speak only English. 17. 让步句型Though/Although he is rich, (yet/still) he doesnt show off. Yang as he is, he know a lot of things. Even if/though he succeeded, he was not proud. No matter what you say, Ill still try to do it. Keep calm, whatever happens. In spite of this, we must go ahead with our plans. Regardless of all the difficulties, well fight it out to the end. 18. 转折句型I searched everywhere but could not find him. You may go, only return quickly. He is seriously ill, still there is hope of his recovery. It looked like rain, however it was clear in the afternoon. He is still young, yet he is high up in the position. He didnt tell me the truth, I know it, though. 19. 省略句I think/say/suppose/expect/believe/hope so. Why not come earlier next time? 反义疑问句（ The Disjunctive Question ）又叫附加疑问句。它表示提问人的看法，没有把握，需要对方证实。 反义疑问句由两部分组成：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简短的疑问句，两部分的人称时态应保持一致。1 陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式2 陈述部分否定式+疑问部分肯定式精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 23 页They work hare, dont they? She was ill yesterday, wasn t she? You didn t go, did you? He can t ride a bike, can he? 请注意以下句型的反义疑问句的用法：1 当陈述部分的主语是I , everyone, everything, nobody 时，后面的疑问句应表示为：I am a student, aren t I Everyone is in the classroom, aren t they? Everything begins to grow in spring, doesn t it? Nobody will go, will they? 2. 当陈述部分有never， seldom, hardly ，few， little ，barely, scarcely, nothing 等否定词时，后面的疑问句则表示为：There are few apples in the basket, are there? He can hardly swim, can he? They seldom come late, do they? 3. 当陈述部分是I think 加从句时，疑问句应和从句的人称时态保持一致。I think chickens can swim, can t they? I think Lucy is a good girl, isn t she? I didnt think he was happy, was he? 4. 陈述部分有had better 时，疑问句应用hadnt开头：you d better get up early, hadn t you? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 23 页5. 当陈述部分是祈使句时，疑问句要根据语气来表达：Let s go out for a walk, shall we? Let us go our for a walk, will you? Turn on the radio, will you? 6. 反义疑问句的回答用yes， no， 但是，当陈述部分是否定形式时，回答要按事实。如：They don t work hard, do they? 他们不太努力工作，是吗？Yes, they do. 不，他们工作努力。/No, they don t. 对， 他们工作不努力。一、反意疑问句的一般情况1当陈述部分的主语是：等everyone, everybody, someone, no one, nobody, somebody 合成代词时，附加疑问句的主语非正式文体中往往they 用。 （也可以按语法一致原则用单数。）2当陈述部分以one 不定代词做主语时，附加问句的主语在正式常场用one，非正式场合用 he。3当陈述部分的主语是不定式、动名词、从句、this 或 that，附加疑问句的主语用it。 （是those, these则用 they）4当陈述部分的主语是表示物的不定代词everything, anything, nothing 等，附加问句的主语用 it。5陈述部分带有否定词或半否定词，例如：never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, no, none, no one, rarely, nowhere, nothing, nobody, few, little等，附加疑问句的动词要用肯定形式。6如果陈述部分中的否定词仅带有否定的前缀或后缀，那么该陈述句应作肯定句处理，附加疑问句应用否定形式。二、常见句型的反意疑问句7当陈述部分是there be 存在句型时，附加疑问句的主语也用there。8感叹句的附加疑问句，其谓语要求用否定句。9祈使句后面的附加疑问句问题A) 祈使句是否定形式，附加疑问句只能用will you 。B) 祈使句是肯定形式，附加疑问句用肯定、否定均可。C) Let 开头的祈使句要注意：1.Let s 在意义上包含谈话的对方在内，表示提出建议或征求对方意见，其反意疑问句往往用 shall we。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 23 页2. Let us 在意义上一般不包含谈话的对方在内，表示请求对方允许做某事的含义，let 有allow 的意思。附加疑问部分用will you 。3. Let me 开头表示请求，附加疑问句用will you ，或用 may I。三、复合句的反意疑问句10当陈述部分是一个（带that 引导宾语从句的）主从复合句时， 附加疑问句的主谓要和主句的主谓保持对应关系。但是，当陈述部分的主语是：I suppose, I think, I believe, I imagine, I expect 等结构时，附加疑问句的主语和谓语要和从句的主语，谓语保持一致关系。而且要注意到否定的转移问题。11当陈述部分是I m sure that,；we are sure；I m afraid that；We are sure that；I feel sure that 等后面跟宾语从句时，反意疑问句与后面的宾语从句一致。12 当陈述部分是并列句时，附加疑问句的主谓语要和离它最近的句子的主谓保持对应关系。四、关于情态动词的反意疑问句13陈述部分中有have 一词，且表示 “ 所有 ” 含义时， 附加疑问句部分既可用have 也可用 do。14陈述部分中有have to，附加疑问句部分用do。15含有 ought to 的反意疑问句， 陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldnt / oughtnt + 主语。He ought to know what to do, oughtnt he? / shouldnt he? 16陈述部分有used to，附加疑问句部分可用used 也可以用did 。17陈述部分有needn t时，附加疑问句部分用need 但有时也可用must。18 陈述部分有must，且表示 “ 必须 ” 时，附加疑问句部分用mustn t，如果表示 “ 必要 ” 则用needn t。19陈述部分中是mustn t表示 “ 禁止 ” 时，附加疑问句部分用must。陈述部分中的must 表示 “ 一定 ” 、“ 想必 ” 等推测意义时，附加疑问句部分而是根据陈述部分的谓语动词或其助动词来定。20陈述部分是I wish， 表示询问或征求意见，附加疑问部分用may I。21弄清陈述句中的 d rather = would rather；d better = had better 附加疑问句部分前者用would，后者用had。其它特殊结构的反意疑问句22陈述部分的主语是each of.结构时，附加疑问句在强调整体时用they，当作个别时用he。23陈述部分有neither.nor.(either.or.)做并列主语， 附加疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 23 页定。Neither you nor I am engineer, are we? 24陈述部分是：I m .结构，附加疑问句一般用aren t I? 25. 陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadnt you? Youd better read it by yourself, hadnt you? 26. 陈述部分有would rather +v. ，疑问部分多用wouldnt + 主语。He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldnt he? 27. 陈述部分有Youd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldnt + 主语。Youd like to go with me, wouldnt you? 28. 带情态动词dare 或 need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用need (dare ) +主语。We need not do it again, need we ? He dare not say so, dare you? 当 dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。She doesnt dare to go home alone, does sh 人教版的总结初中英语词组总结1. (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at ( 感官动词 )+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2.（比较级and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样3 .a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易）4 agree with sb 赞成某人5 .all kinds of 各种各样a kind of 一样6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界7 .along with 同 一道，伴随 eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树8 .As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样9 as you can see 你是知道的10. ask for 求助向要（直接接想要的东西）eg : ask you for my book 11 .ask