直接引语和间接引语1 (2).ppt

Anne said: “My name is Anne Frank and my family is Jewish.” (Direct speech)She said that she and her family were hiding in Amsterdam. (Indirect speech)引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式: 一是原封一是原封不动地引用原话不动地引用原话, 把它放在引号内把它放在引号内, 这叫直接这叫直接引语引语(Direct speech); 一是用自己的话加以转一是用自己的话加以转述述, 这叫间接引语这叫间接引语(Indirect speech)。 陈述句陈述句直接引语转变为间接引语时直接引语转变为间接引语时, 从从句由句由that引导引导, 可省略可省略; 主句动词为一般主句动词为一般将来时或现在时将来时或现在时, 从句动词时态不变。从句动词时态不变。1. She often says, “All men and women are equal under the law.” She often says (that) all men and women are equal under the law.2. “I like reading stories,” said John. John said that he liked reading stories.3. “I dont like cars,” Sarah said to him. Sarah told him that she didnt like cars. 直接引语转变为间接引语时，人称要直接引语转变为间接引语时，人称要进行相应变化；若进行相应变化；若主句动词为一般过主句动词为一般过去时时，去时时，从句动词时态应为过去时的从句动词时态应为过去时的相应时态。相应时态。时态变化时态变化 直接引语变间接引语时，间接引语的时态直接引语变间接引语时，间接引语的时态要与主句的时态一致。要与主句的时态一致。 He says, “I treat you as my son.” He says that he treats me as his son.1. 主句为一般现在时主句为一般现在时, 现在完成时或一般将现在完成时或一般将来时的时候来时的时候, 间接引语时态不变。间接引语时态不变。直接引语直接引语(变化前变化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)一般现在时一般现在时“I know it,” he said.一般过去时一般过去时He said he knew it. 2. 当主句为过去时当主句为过去时, 从句要跟着相应的变化。从句要跟着相应的变化。 现在进行时现在进行时“Im making coffee for you all,” she said.过去进行时过去进行时She said she was making coffee for us all. 直接引语直接引语(变化前变化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)现在完成时现在完成时“I have seen her before,” said he. 过去完成时过去完成时He said he had seen her before. 现在完成进行时现在完成进行时He said, “I have been doing it for hours.”过去完成进行时过去完成进行时He said he had been doing it for hours. 直接引语直接引语(变化前变化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)一般过去时一般过去时“I saw her two days ago” he said.过去完成时过去完成时He said he had seen her two days before. 过去进行时过去进行时“I was waiting for Jim,” she said. 过去完成进行时过去完成进行时She said she had been waiting for Jim.直接引语直接引语(变化前变化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)一般将来时一般将来时He said: “We will start tomorrow.”过去将来时过去将来时He said they would start the next day.过去完成时过去完成时“Rick had been ill for many days till he died.” Jack said.过去完成时过去完成时Jack said Rick had been ill for many days till he died. 一般现在时一般现在时现在完成时现在完成时现在进行时现在进行时一般将来时一般将来时一般过去时一般过去时一般一般过去过去时时过去过去完成时完成时过去过去进行时进行时过去过去将来时将来时过去过去完成时完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去进行时过去进行时不变不变1. “It is really cold,” she said to me. She told me that it _ really cold.was2. “I dont want to go there with Alice,” said Tom.Tom said that he _ want to go there with Alice.didnt3. The boy said, “I will be a pilot.” The boy said that he _ a pilot.”would be4. Tom said, “We are listening to music.” Tom said that they _ music. were listening to5. Mike said, “I have finished my homework.” Mike said _ his homework.he had finished但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。不变化。(1)直接引语是客观真理。直接引语是客观真理。“Theearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth”,theteachertoldme.Theteachertoldme(that)theearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.(2)直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时,时态不变。时态不变。XiaoWangsaid,“IwasbornonApril2l,1989.”XiaoWangsaidhewasbornonApril20,1989.(3)直接引语中被引述的部分是反复出现直接引语中被引述的部分是反复出现的的,习惯性的动作或说话时情况仍然存习惯性的动作或说话时情况仍然存在的在的,变间接引语时变间接引语时,时态保持不变。时态保持不变。Theboysaidtous,“Iusuallygetupatsixeveryday.”Theboytoldusheusuallygetsupatsixeveryday.(4)若直接引语中含有若直接引语中含有when,since,while等引导的表示过去的时间状语从等引导的表示过去的时间状语从句句,变间接引语时变间接引语时,从句时态不变。如：从句时态不变。如：Shesaid,“IwenttherewhenIwassixyearsold.”Shesaidshehadgonetherewhenshewassixyearsold.(5)若直接引语的谓语中含有若直接引语的谓语中含有would,should,might,must,usedto,oughtto,hadbetter等动词时。如：等动词时。如：Shesaid,“Weshouldhelpeachother.”Shesaidweshouldhelpeachother.He asked, “When do you harvest the wheat?”He askedwhenyou harvest the wheat.we harvestedThey asked when we harvested the wheat.They asked, “Is it easy to solve the problem?”They asked if it was easy to solve the problem.TheteacheraskedmehowIhadrepairedit. Theteacherasked,“Howdidyourepairit?”