2022年人教版高中生物必修一知识点总结 3.pdf
According to Office Party of mass line education practice activities led group of unified arrangements, units main led to for cadres workers Shang a times party lecture, due to himself level limited, only put this stage concentrated learning of experience today and everyone common with learning exchange, pur pose is let we further deep understandi ng m ass line of connotation, insisted party of mass line, do masses work, following main from four a aspects told: a, and full awareness party of mass line education practice activities of major meaning Partys 18 major distinct proposed to focus on the partys advance d nature and purity, in the party, with pragmatic and clean for the people as the main content of the partys mass line and educational practice. This is comrade XI Jinping as party General Secretary and adhere to strictly administering the party, strengthe n the partys major decisi on is in line with the public expectations and strengthe ning the constructi on of learning-oriented service innovation of Marxist partys major deployment, is the important measure to advance the great cause of socialism with Chi nese chara cteristics. First, carry out the partys mass line in education practi ce, was carrying 18 of the party spirit, summon a powerful force for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chi nese nation the Chi nese dream of urgent needs. Partys 18 to promotestrategic deployment to buil ding socialism with Chi nese characteristics, presents two 100-year goal, namely, by 2020 Chi nas gross domestic product and per capita income of urban and rural residents in 2010 on the ba sis of double complete the building of a well-off society; the middle of this century into a prosperous, democratic, civilized a nd harmonious Socialist modern country, and on this basis, the Chinese dream of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chi nese nation. 18 Congre ss of the party, Comrade XI Jinping repeatedly expounded the Chinese dream. The basic connotation of the Chinese dream, is the national prosperity, national revitalization, the happiness of the people, Chi na important to follow is to keep Chi na Road, carry forward the spirit and cohesion strength of China, dream dreams of the people of China, but determined confidence, enhance self -awareness, achieve self-reliance, to build a stronger China, civilization, harmony, beauty, Chi na, China, Chi na. Strategic conception of China was 18 the spirit of the enrichment and development of the party, conscientiously study the Chinese dream, leading pe ople to hard to realize the Chi nese dream, mass education activities in depth the fundamental starting point and endi ng point. Strengthen the education of the partys mass line, helps to train the colle ctive consciousness of the unity of the party and thepeople, playing the Chinese dream ideological bases. Comrade Mao Zedong stressed that parties should have common language socialist countries must have unity of will. History haproved that a people and a nation, if it does not have its own spiritual pillar, there is no unity of spiritual support, it means that no soul, will lose cohesion and vitality. Figuratively speaking , a sack of potatoes, quantity cannot be too a team, form a joint force; only like granite, so closely United to form invincible, no difficult means of strength. National rejuvenation of Chinese dream, not only embodies the common interests and pursuits, and covers a variety of groups and classes, ha s a wide applicability and inclusive, with a strong integrating force and lead the force. She embodies the aspirations of several generations of Chinese, reflecting today . Into sex and purity, and the inevitable requirement of constantly improving the partys governing capacity. Stre ngthening the construction of the advanced nature and purit y, the core problem is always maintaining the partys flesh-and-blood ties with the masses, so that our party will always be the most wholehearted support of the masses. Must take the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people as the party all the starting point and ending point, the party has always been a common fate with the masses, this is the magic weapon for our party to always maintain the advanced nature and purity. Strengthening the construction of partys advance d nat ure and purity and enhancing the partys rulingability will eventually be implemented to realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. All the work merits this is a measure of the partys fundamental standards, is a measure of the partys advanced nature and purity standards. Believe who, dependi ng on who, who, standing on the position of the overwhelming majority of the people are always, always realize, safeguard and devel op the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, it is a touchstone of the Marxist party of judgement, is also sign of Marxist party is different from other political parties. Marxist political party has a clear pol itical position and historical missi on: for the interests of the vast majority of people, committed to the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. From the day of the establishme nt of the Chinese Communist Party, always adhere to basic principles of historical materialism, for the interests of the most people as their goal, always serving as its fundamental pur pose and values. Fully trust the masses, closely rely on the masses maintain flesh-and-blood ties with the masses is always the source of our party full of vigor and vitality, is always the most determined i n the development of our party and our country. Conscientiously accept supervision by the masses, pay attention to listen to the masses assessment, which itself was the partys advanced nature and purity into practical action to realize the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the peopl e. At present, the party committees and leading cadres and the Government generally value the close relations with the masses, do a lot of productive work, but there are still some新教材高中生物必修一知识点总结看完一个知识点之后一定要到新学案上找相关练习之后才能真正掌握第一章走近细胞第一节从生物圈到细胞知识梳理：1 病毒没有细胞结构，由蛋白质和核酸组成，但必须依赖（活细胞）才能生存。单细胞生物的生命活动依赖单个细胞 就能完成摄食、运动、生殖等各项生命活动（不能完成反射 ，反射 需要多个细胞的参与）。多细胞生物依赖各种分化了的细胞密切配合完成各项生命活动，生命活动如生长、发育、生殖遗传变异生命活动调节。2 生命活动离不开细胞，细胞是生物体结构 和功能 的（基本单位）。3 生命系统的结构层次：（细胞）、（组织）、（器官）、（系统）、（个体）、（种群）（群落）、（生态系统）、（生物圈）。 每个层次都要能辨别，做几个练习去巩固，下面是一些特例4 血液属于（组织）层次，皮肤属于（器官）层次。5 植物没有（系统）层次，单细胞生物既可化做（个体）层次，又可化做（细胞）层次。6 地球上最基本的生命系统是（细胞）。最大的生命系统是生物圈第二节细胞的多样性和统一性知识梳理：一、高倍镜的使用步骤（尤其要注意第1 和第 4 步） 1在低倍镜下找到物象，将物象移至（视野中央），2转动（转换器），换上高倍镜。3。调节（光圈）和（反光镜），使视野亮度适宜。4调节（细准焦螺旋），使物象清晰。二、显微镜使用常识1 调亮视野的两种方法（放大光圈）、（使用凹面镜）。2 高倍镜：物象（大），视野（暗），看到细胞数目（少）。低倍镜：物象（小），视野（亮），看到的细胞数目（多）。3 物镜：（有）螺纹，镜筒越（长），放大倍数越大。目镜：（无）螺纹，镜筒越（短），放大倍数越大。4 会判断低倍到高倍镜下细胞数目的计算？（新学案）5 学会移动载玻片？（新学案）。6 目镜（ 10X）的放大倍数乘物镜放大倍数（10X）等于放大倍数（100）三、原核生物与真核生物主要类群：（要知道一些原核生物原核生物： 蓝藻 ，含有（叶绿素）和（藻蓝素），可进行光合作用。细菌 ：能判断哪些生物属于细菌新学案上讲的更详细（球菌，杆菌，螺旋菌，乳酸菌）放线菌 ：（链霉菌）支原体，衣原体，立克次氏体真核生物：动物、植物、真菌：（青霉菌，酵母菌，蘑菇）等四、细胞学说1 创立者：（施莱登，施旺）2 内容要点：共三点。1. 新细胞可以从老细胞中产生2. 一切动植物都由细胞发育而来，并由细胞和细胞产物所构成。3. 细胞是一个相对独立的单位，既有他自己的生命，又对与其他细胞共同组成的整体的生命起作用。3 揭示问题：揭示了（细胞统一性，和生物体结构的统一性）。五、真核细胞和原核细胞的比较（表略，见笔记）第二章组成细胞的元素和化合物第一节细胞中的元素和化合物知识梳理：统一性：元素种类大体相同，不同生物间元素种类相同，但含量差别很大1、生物界与非生物界差异性：元素含量有差异2组成细胞的元素能判断大量元素有哪些？微量元素有哪些？主要元素有哪些？等等大量元素： C、H、O、N、P、S、K 、 Ca、Mg 微量元素： Fe、Mn 、Zn、Cu 、B、Mo主要元素： C、 H、O、N、P、S 含量最高的四种元素：C、H、O 、N基本元素： C（干重下含量最高）质量分数最大的元素：O（鲜重下含量最高）数量（个数）最多的是H 3 组成细胞的化合物无机化合物水（ 鲜重含量最高的化合物） 无机盐 , 有机化合物糖类脂质蛋白质（ 干重中含量最高的化合物）核酸、4检测生物组织中糖类、脂肪和蛋白质精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 11 页According to Office Party of mass line education practice activities led group of unified arrangements, units main led to for cadres workers Shang a times party lecture, due to himself level limited, only put this stage concentrated learning of experience today and everyone common with learning exchange, pur pose is let we further deep understandi ng mass line of connotation, insisted party of mass line, do masses work, following main from four a aspects told: a, and full awareness party of mass line education practice activities of major meaning Partys 18 major distinct proposed to focus on the partys advance d nature and purity, in the party, with pragmatic and clean for the people as the main content of the partys mass line and educational practice. This is comrade XI Jinping as party General Secretary and adhere to strictly administering the party, strengthe n the partys major decisi on is in line with the public expectations and strengthe ning the constructi on of learning-oriented service innovation of Marxist partys major deployment, is the important measure to advance the great cause of socialism with Chi nese chara cteristics. First, carry out the partys mass line in education practi ce, was carrying 18 of the party spirit, summon a powerful force for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chi nese nation the Chi nese dream of urgent needs. Partys 18 to promotestrategic deployment to buil ding socialism with Chi nese characteristics, presents two 100-year goal, namely, by 2020 Chi nas gross domestic product and per capita income of urban and rural residents in 2010 on the ba sis of double complete the building of a well-off society; the middle of this century into a prosperous, democratic, civilized a nd harmonious Socialist modern country, and on this basis, the Chinese dream of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chi nese nation. 18 Congre ss of the party, Comrade XI Jinping repeatedly expounded the Chinese dream. The basic connotation of the Chinese dream, is the national prosperity, national revitalization, the happiness of the people, Chi na important to follow is to keep Chi na Road, carry forward the spirit and cohesion strength of China, dream dreams of the people of China, but determined confdence, enhance self-awareness, achieve self-reliance, to build a stronger China, civilization, harmony, beauty, Chi na, China, Chi na. Strategic conception of China was 18 the spirit of the enrichment and development of the party, conscientiously study the Chinese dream, leading pe ople to hard to realize the Chi nese dream, mass education activities in depth the fundamental starting point and endi ng point. Strengthen the education of the partys mass line, helps to train the colle ctive consciousness of the unity of the party and thepeople, playing the Chinese dream ideological bases. Comrade Mao Zedong stressed that parties should have common language socialist countries must have unity of will. History haproved that a people and a nation, if it does not have its own spiritual pillar, there is no unity of spiritual support, it means that no soul, will lose cohesion and vitality. Figuratively speaking, a sack of potatoes, quantity cannot be too a team, form a joint force; only ike granite, so closely United to form invincible, no difficult means of strength. National rejuvenation of Chinese dream, not only embodies the common interests and pursuits, and covers a variety of groups and classes, ha s a wide applicability and inclusive, with a strong integrating force and lead the force. She embodies the aspirations of several generations of Chinese, reflecting today . Into sex and purity, and the inevitable requirement of constantly improving the partys governing capacity. Stre ngt hening the construction of the advanced nature and purit y, the core problem is always maintaining the partys flesh-and-blood ties with the masses, so that our party will always be the most wholehearted support of the masses. Must take the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people as the party all the starting point and endi ng point, the party has always been a common fate with the masses, this is the magic weapon for our party to always maintain the advanced nature and purity. Strengthening the construction of partys advance d nat ure and purity and enhancing the partys rulingability will eventually be implemented to realize, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. All the work merits this is a measure of the partys fundamental standards, is a measure of the partys advanced nature and purity standards. Believe who, dependi ng on who, who, standing on the position of the overwhelming majority of the people are always, always realize, safeguard and devel op the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, it is a touchstone of the Marxist party of judgement, is also sign of Marxist party is different from other political parties. Marxist political party has a clear political positi on and historical missi on: for the interests of the vast majority of people, committed to the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. From the day of the establishme nt of the Chinese Communist Party, always adhere to basic principles of historical materialism, for the interests of the most people as their goal, always serving as its fundamental pur pose and values. Fully trust the masses, closely rely on the masses maintain flesh-and-blood ties with the masses is always the source of our party full of vigor and vitality, is always the most determined i n the development of our party and our country. Conscientiously accept supervision by the masses, pay attention to listen to the masses assessment, which itself was the partys advanced nature and purity into practical action to realize the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the peopl e. At present, the party committees and leading cadres and the Government generally value the close relations with the masses, do a lot of productive work, but there are still some（1）还原糖的检测和观察常用材料：苹果和梨试剂：斐林试剂 （甲液： 0.1g/ml的 NaOH 乙液： 0.05g/ml的 CuSO4 ）注意事项：还原糖有葡萄糖，果糖，麦芽糖甲乙液必须等量混合均匀后再加入样液中，现配现用, 以防有 Cu （OH ）2沉淀必须用水浴加热 (50-65) 颜色变化：浅蓝色棕色砖红色（2）脂肪的鉴定常用材料：花生子叶或向日葵种子试剂：苏丹或苏丹染液。注意事项：切片要薄，如厚薄不均就会导致观察时有的地方清晰，有的地方模糊。酒精的作用是：洗去浮色需使用显微镜观察使用不同的染色剂染色时间不同颜色变化： 橘黄色或红色（3）蛋白质的鉴定常用材料：鸡蛋清，黄豆组织样液，牛奶，试剂：双缩脲试剂 （A液： 0.1g/ml的 NaOHB 液： 0.01g/ml的 CuSO4 ）注意事项：先加A液 1ml，再加 B液 4 滴（ B液过多会产生Cu2+蓝色）鉴定前，留出一部分组织样液，以便对比颜色变化： 变成紫色（4）淀粉的检测和观察常用材料：马铃薯试剂： 碘液颜色变化：变蓝第二节生命活动的主要承担者- 蛋白质一氨基酸及其种类氨基酸是组成蛋白质的基本单位。20 种氨基酸分子通式：结构要点：每种氨基酸都至少含有一个氨基（-NH2）和一个羧基（-COOH ），并且都有一个氨基和一个羧基连接在同一个碳原子上。氨基酸的种类由 R基（侧链基团）决定。二蛋白质的结构氨基酸二肽三肽多肽多肽链一条或若干条多肽链盘曲折叠蛋白质氨基酸分子相互结合的方式：脱水缩合一个氨基酸分子的氨基和另一个氨基酸分子的羧基相连接，同时失去一分子的水。连接两个氨基酸分子的化学键叫做肽键补充： 1 会判断一个结构是不是氨基酸？（氨基酸分子中，至少含有一个NH2和一个 COOH 位于同一个C原子上） 2 会判断一个肽链中，氨基酸数. 肽键数 . 水分子数的关系( 先判断是有几条连构成的蛋白质分子)3 会数一个结构中氨基数（-NH2）的数目、羧基数（ -COOH ）的数目、（肽键数-CONH- ）的数目（三蛋白质的功能1. 构成细胞和生物体结构的重要物质（肌肉毛发）-结构蛋白2. 催化细胞内的生理生化反应），- 酶3. 运输载体（血红蛋白）4. 传递信息，调节机体的生命活动-（胰岛素）激素5. 免疫功能 - （抗体） 6. 调节功能 - 部分激素 7. 受体 - 糖蛋白四蛋白质分子多样性的原因构成蛋白质的氨基酸的种类，数目，排列顺序，以及肽链空间结构不同导致蛋白质结构多样性。蛋白质结构多样性导致蛋白质的功能的多样性。规律方法R 1 氨基酸分子中，至少含有一个NH2和一个 COOH 位于同一个C原子上，由此可以判断是否属于构成蛋白质的氨基酸。2、 n个氨基酸脱水缩合形成m条多肽链时，共脱去(n m)个水分子，形成(n m) 个肽键，至少存在m个-NH2 和-COOH ，形成的蛋白质的分子量为n氨基酸的平均分子量18（nm ）第三节遗传信息的携带者- 核酸一核酸的分类DNA （脱氧核糖核酸）RNA （核糖核酸）D
