2022年初中情态动词用法总结 .pdf

精品资料欢迎下载专项：情态动词一 考点： 情态动词的用法和辨析， 情态动词表示推测和可能， 由情态动词引导的一般疑问句的回答。二 类型：1 只是情态动词： can, could, may, might, must 2 可做情态动词，可做实义动词：need, dare 3 可做情态动词，可做助动词：will, would, shall, should 4 特殊：have to, ought to, used to 三 特征：1 有一定的词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须与行为动词和系动词连用构成谓语。2 无人称和数的变化。（have to 除外）Eg: He has to stay here. 3 后接动词原形。4 具有助动词作用，可构成否定，疑问或简短回答。四 用法：1. can 表示能力， “ 能，会 ” 。Eg : Can you play basketball? 表示怀疑，猜测，常用于否定句或疑问句。Eg :Li hua cant be in the classroom. 表示请求，允许，多用于口语，译“ 可以”= may. Eg: you can go now. can 开头的疑问句，肯定句，否定句用can或 cant.2.couldcan 的过去式，表示过去的能力。Eg :I could swim when I was seven years old. could 开头的疑问句，肯定和否定回答用could, couldn t 如果 could 表示现在的委婉，用can 回答。Eg: Could I have a drink? Yes, you can. 3.may 表示推测， “ 可能，也许 ” ，用于肯定句。Eg: He may come tomorrow. 表示请求， “ 许可,可以” 。Eg: May I borrow your book? 注：表示请求，许可时，主语为第一人称的一般疑问句，否定回精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 6 页精品资料欢迎下载答用 mustnt “不可以，禁止，不许 ”,不用 may not“ 可能不 ” 。表示祝愿。 Eg :May you success. 4.might 表示 “ 可以” ，用于过去时中。Eg: He told me I might smoke in the room. 用于现在时，表示说话更委婉，礼貌。Eg:He might be doing his lessons now. 5.must表示 “ 必须，应该 ” 。表示推测，常用在肯定句中，表“ 一定” 。Eg:There is someone knocking at the door.It must be Jim. 否定句中， mustn t 表示禁止，“不允许”。以 must 开头的疑问句， 肯定句回答用 must,否定回答用 needn t , 表示“不需要，不必” =“don t have to”. 表示“偏偏”。Eg: Must you play the piano at this time. 6.need 情态动词： +do,用 need 提问或回答，肯定句回答用must ,否定句回答用 needn t. Eg: You needn t come to school so early. 实义动词： +to do ,用助动词提问和否定。+doing 表示被动。needn t have done 表示没必要做某事但是做了。Eg: I actually needn t have bought so much wine. 7.dare 情态动词，多用于疑问句，否定句，条件句中。Eg: Im afraid you dare not to do such a thing. 注：I dare say 习惯说成“也许，我想” 。Eg: It will rain this afternoon, I dare say. 实义动词：dare to do , 用于肯定句中， 当用于否定句或疑问句时， to 可以省略。 Eg: This student doesn t dare to raise any question in class. 8.shall用于第一人称表示征求意见，询问。Eg: Shall I open the window? Shall we have lunch here? 表示说话人的态度，“命令，警告，允诺，威胁” 。Eg: You shall finish your homework first. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 6 页精品资料欢迎下载用于第三人称， 在条约，规定，法令等文件中表示义务或规定， “应该，必须”。 （不常用）9.should表示义务，责任“应该” 。Eg:We should obey traffic laws. 作为shall 过去式，用于第一三人称，表示征求意见。Eg:Mr lee asked if he should get his visa. 表示“竟然”。Eg: It s unthinkable that the boy should sing such a beautiful song. 表示说话人的特殊情感，如惊奇，愤怒，失望等。Eg: How should I know? 表示劝告，建议，“应该” 。Eg: You should listen to your teacher. 10.will 用于第二人称表示询问， 请求，也可以表达现在的 “意愿” 。Eg: Will you pass me the book? 表示意愿，决定，允诺，用于各种人称。Eg: I will try my best to help you. 表示规律性的“注定会” 。Eg: People will die without air or water. 11.would 表示过去的意愿或委婉询问。Eg: Would you tell me the way to the station? 12.have to“必须，不得不”，强调客观需要，含有时态的变化。Eg: I ll have to ask Jim instead. 区别： must 表示“必须，应该“，主观看法。13.ought to 表示职责，义务或要求， 及人们应该去做的正确的事或好事。Eg: Humans ought to stop polluting nature. 比 should 语气强， ought to 反映客观情况， should 表示主观看法。ought to have done 本应该做而没有做。Eg: You are late. You ought to have arrived five minutes earlier. 14.used to表示“过去常常，过去是“，没有人称和数的变化，可以和过去的精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 6 页精品资料欢迎下载时间状语连用。否定形式： usedn t to 或 didn t use to , 疑问词将use提前或 Diduse to ? Eg: He didn t use to be so careless. 区别 would :带有主观性，并且现在做不做不知道。Used to :客观性，和现在进行对比，过去常常，现在就不怎么做了。Eg: He would phone me on Sunday. Eg: I used to be very fond of music when I was young. 区别： be used to doing （情态动词）习惯于 Used to do （情态动词）过去是，过去常常Be used to do ( 过去式 ) 被用来做 Eg: I am already used to noisy city life here. My parents used to live in South America. This machine is used to cut up waste paper. 15.其他：had better do 最好做某事Eg: You had better stay at home. 否定：had better not do be able to 与 can 表示能力时用法相同，但前者有时态的变化，有能力成功做某事。Eg: We will be able to come back next week. 专题练习 ：1( ) 1 John_ come to see us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. may B. can C. has to D. must ( ) 2 They _ do well in the exam. A. can be able to B. be able to C. can able to D. are able to ( ) 3 -May I take this book out? -No, you_. A. cant B. may not C. neednt D. arent ( ) 4 You_ go and see a doctor at once because youre got a fever. A. can B. must C. dare D. would ( ) 5 -Can you speak Japanese? -No, I_. A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt D. may not 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 6 页精品资料欢迎下载2( ) 1 -He_ be in the classroom, I think. -No, he _ be in the classroom. I saw him go home a minute ago. A. can; may not B. must; may not C. may; cant D. may ; mustn t ( ) 2 -Shall I get one more cake for you, Dad? -Thanks, but you_, Ive had enough. A. may not B. must not C. cant D. neednt ( ) 3 Even the top students in our class cant work out this problem, so it be very difficult. A. may B. must C. can D. need ( ) 4 He isnt at school. I think he _ be ill. A. can B. shall C. must D. has to ( ) 5 _ I take this one? A. May B. Will C. Are D. Do 3( ) 1 The children_ play football on the road. A. cant B. can C. mustnt D. must ( ) 2 You _ be late for school again next time. A. mustnt B. neednt C. dont have to D. dont need to ( ) 3 -Must I do my homework at once? -No, you_. A. neednt B. mustnt C. cant D. may not 4( ) 1 His arm is all right. He_ go and see the doctor. A. has not to B. dont have to C. havent to D. doesnt have to ( ) 2 He had to give up the plan, _ he? A. did B. didnt C. does D. doesnt ( ) 3 They had to walk here, _ they? A. mustnt B. did C. didnt D. hadnt 5( ) 1 He had better stay here, _ he? A. didnt B. dont C. hadnt D. isnt ( ) 2 Youd better_late next time. A. not to be B. not be C. wont be D. dont be ( ) 3 Youd better _ your hair _ once a month. A. had; cut B. had; cutted C. have; cut D. have; cutted ( ) 4 You_ ask that man over there. Maybe he knows the way. A. had better not to B. had not better C. had better D. had better not 6( ) 1 -Shall we go and visit the History Museum next Sunday? A. Here you are B. Sorry, I cant C. Yes, please D. Let me try ( ) 2 -Why dont you ask Mike to go with us? -Thanks, _. A. I will B. I wont C. lean D. I may ( ) 3 -_ I take the newspaper away? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 6 页精品资料欢迎下载-No, you mustnt. You_read it only here. A. Must; can B. May; can C. Need; must D. Must; must 7( ) 1 Excuse me. _ you please pass me that cup? A. Do B. Should C. Would D. Must ( ) 2 _ you like to have another try? A. Could B. Will C. Would D. Do ( ) 3 -Would you like to go boating with us? -Yes, _.A. Id like B. I want C. Id like to D. I do 8( ) 1 You_ worry about your son. He will get well soon. A. neednt B. cant C. mustnt D. have to ( ) 2 The poor man needs our help, _ he? A. need B. neednt C. does D. doesnt ( ) 3 -Must we do our homework first? -No, you_. You may have a rest first. A. mustnt B. neednt C. may not D. cant 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 6 页