强调、倒装、省略.ppt

强强 调调倒倒 装装省省 略略一、强调一、强调A、英语中常用的强调结构是：、英语中常用的强调结构是： It is (was) + 被强调部分（主语、宾语和状语）被强调部分（主语、宾语和状语）+ that (who)。被强调部分用被强调部分用that引出，指人时也可用引出，指人时也可用who。强调句中的时态应与。强调句中的时态应与原句时态一致。如原句为：原句时态一致。如原句为：Prof. Smith made a wonderful speech at the meeting last week.我们可以用强调句型分别强调句子中的主语、宾语和状语。我们可以用强调句型分别强调句子中的主语、宾语和状语。It was Prof. Smith that / who made a wonderful speech at the meeting last week. (强调主语强调主语)It was a wonderful speech that Prof. Smith made at the meeting last week. (强调宾语强调宾语)It was at the meeting that Prof. Smith made a wonderful speech last week. (强调状语强调状语)It was last week that Prof. Smith made a wonderful speech at the meeting. (强调状语强调状语)1、强调句型的一般疑问句，只需将、强调句型的一般疑问句，只需将is/was 提前至句首即可。提前至句首即可。e.g. Was it because you were stuck in the traffic that you came late? 是不是因为交通堵塞你被困住才来晚的？是不是因为交通堵塞你被困住才来晚的？2、在强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，仍然用、在强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，仍然用that, 而不能用而不能用when, where, why或或how。3、否定词也可以用于强调结构中。、否定词也可以用于强调结构中。e.g. It was not I who am late. It is not you who are responsible for the accident.4、强调结构也常用于强调状语从句。其中，原因状语只有、强调结构也常用于强调状语从句。其中，原因状语只有because 引导的从句，才可以进行强调。引导的从句，才可以进行强调。e.g.It is because English is very useful that we study it so hard.It is only when you nearly lose something that you can realize how much you value it.5、强调结构、强调结构It was not until that的意思是的意思是“直到直到才才”。谓语。谓语 动词注意要使用肯定形式。动词注意要使用肯定形式。e.g.It was not until the chief engineer came that they began the test.It was not until last year that the economic situation of this plant became better.B、如果需要强调谓语动词，一般时需要借助、如果需要强调谓语动词，一般时需要借助do/does/did，但只限于，但只限于 祈使句和肯定的陈述句。其它时态则只能通过重读谓语动词前的祈使句和肯定的陈述句。其它时态则只能通过重读谓语动词前的 助动词来强调。助动词来强调。e.g. Do be careful when crossing the street. Mike does enjoy playing the football. I do know what he is doing now, but I dont want to tell you. She did see you going into that room yesterday.He does show us his new book.He is coming tomorrow.We have finished the job as scheduled. 二、倒装二、倒装 （一）概述（一）概述 倒装分为两类：全部倒装和部分倒倒装分为两类：全部倒装和部分倒装。将谓语部分的全部或谓语动词放在装。将谓语部分的全部或谓语动词放在主语之前称为完全倒装；仅是把功能词主语之前称为完全倒装；仅是把功能词（如助动词、情态动词、系动词（如助动词、情态动词、系动词to be）等放在主语之前，则称为部分倒装等放在主语之前，则称为部分倒装（二）全部倒装（二）全部倒装1、当、当here, there, now, then等副词置于句首时，且谓语动词为等副词置于句首时，且谓语动词为 come, go, be等词时，句子一般全部倒装。此类倒装句旨在等词时，句子一般全部倒装。此类倒装句旨在 引起别人的注意。但是如果主语是代词的话，句子则不倒装。引起别人的注意。但是如果主语是代词的话，句子则不倒装。e.g. Here comes the bus. There goes the bell. There he comes.2、当、当out, in, away, up, down, over, back, off 等副词置于句首时，等副词置于句首时， 句子句子 一般全部倒装。谓语动词多为一般全部倒装。谓语动词多为come, go, rush, run, fly 等等 不及物动词，主语为名词。此类倒装句比正常语序的句子更生不及物动词，主语为名词。此类倒装句比正常语序的句子更生 动、形象。但如果主语是代词的话，句子则不到装。动、形象。但如果主语是代词的话，句子则不到装。e.g. Down drops the meat into the foxs mouth. Away flew the bird. Away she went.（二）全部倒装（二）全部倒装3、表示地点的短语置于句首或强调地点的概念时，需要使用全部倒装、表示地点的短语置于句首或强调地点的概念时，需要使用全部倒装 结构，此时要注意主谓一致。结构，此时要注意主谓一致。e.g. Between the two buildings stands a tall tree.4、为避免句子部分内容重复，英语中常用倒装句，即：、为避免句子部分内容重复，英语中常用倒装句，即： so (neither, nor) + be动词（助动词，情态动词）动词（助动词，情态动词） + 主语。主语。 其中，其中，so 与前面的肯定句呼应，与前面的肯定句呼应，neither/nor与前面的否定句与前面的否定句 相呼应。相呼应。e.g. My father is a teacher; so is my husband. Jane didnt attend my class yesterday; nor did Tom.（二）全部倒装（二）全部倒装5、为了强调表语、将表语放在句首，此时主谓语倒装。、为了强调表语、将表语放在句首，此时主谓语倒装。e.g. Among them was a student whose arms were hurt badly. Gone forever are the days when the workers had to work for 12 hours a day. 6、在某些表达祝愿的结构中。例如：、在某些表达祝愿的结构中。例如：e.g. Long live the people! May you succeed！（三）部分倒装（三）部分倒装1、具有否定或半否定意义的词或是短语位于句首时，句子一般部分、具有否定或半否定意义的词或是短语位于句首时，句子一般部分 倒装，这类词和短语包括：倒装，这类词和短语包括：not, never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, little, few, no soonerthan, hardly/scarcelywhen/before, not onlybut also, not until 等等e.g. Never in my life have I seen such a thing. little did he know that the police were around. Hardly had I sat down when I heard someone knocking at the door. (注意此句型的时态）注意此句型的时态）2. 虚拟条件句中，如果有虚拟条件句中，如果有were, had, should等词，可省略等词，可省略if，采用，采用 倒装形式。多用于书面用语。倒装形式。多用于书面用语。e.g. Had he worked harder, he would have passed the exam.（三）部分倒装（三）部分倒装3、当、当so, often, only 等表示程度或者频率的副词放在句首时，句子一般等表示程度或者频率的副词放在句首时，句子一般需要部分倒装。需要部分倒装。e.g. So great was the destruction that the South took years to recover. Often does he warn us not to touch the poisonous chemical. Only in this way can we accomplish it on time.4、as或或though引导的让步状语从句常用倒装。一般将一些形容词、引导的让步状语从句常用倒装。一般将一些形容词、 副词等置于句首。副词等置于句首。e.g. Prominent as he is in his field, he remains easy-going. Wealthy as he is, I dont envy him. （三）部分倒装（三）部分倒装5、neithernor “既不既不也不也不”，由于，由于neither 和和 nor 两个词均两个词均 为否定词，因此它们引导的两个句子都需要采用部分倒装形式。为否定词，因此它们引导的两个句子都需要采用部分倒装形式。e.g. Neither could theory do without practice, nor could practice do without theory. (理论没有实际不行，实践没有理论也不行。理论没有实际不行，实践没有理论也不行。)三、省略三、省略 为了避免重复，句子中某些部分可以省略。常被为了避免重复，句子中某些部分可以省略。常被 省略的部分有以下几种：省略的部分有以下几种：1、省略主语。祈使句和表示祝愿的句子可以省略主语。、省略主语。祈使句和表示祝愿的句子可以省略主语。e.g. Open the door, please. (省略主语省略主语you)Wish you a wonderful weekend. (省略主语省略主语I )某些惯用的说法：某些惯用的说法： Thank you for coming to see me. (省略主语省略主语I ) See you later. (省略主语省略主语I和助动词和助动词will ) 2、并列句中的后一子句可省略与前一子句相同的谓语动词、并列句中的后一子句可省略与前一子句相同的谓语动词、 系动词或表语。系动词或表语。e.g.Some of the students study Japanese, others English. (others后省略了后省略了study )Jim is in the classroom and Tom in his bedroom. (Tom后省略了后省略了is ) *状语从句中与主句相同的部分有时也可省略。状语从句中与主句相同的部分有时也可省略。e.g.I love rock music as much as classical music. (as后省略了后省略了I love ) 3、省略状语从句中的主语和谓语。、省略状语从句中的主语和谓语。e.g. When heated, water will change into vapor. (when后省略了后省略了water is)Please change the form of the verbs if necessary. (if 后省略了后省略了it is )He often comes to help me, though very bush. (though 后省略了后省略了he is )In winter its much warmer in Shanghai than in Shenyang. (than 后省略了后省略了it is )4）在对疑问句的简略回答中常用省略句。）在对疑问句的简略回答中常用省略句。e.g.When did you go to Canada?-Long ago. (long之前省略了之前省略了I went to Canada )Will you be able to come to our party?-Id love to. But Im busy. (to后省略了后省略了come to your party)Have you passed the final exam?-Yes, I have. (have 后省略了后省略了passed the exam) Would you mind my smoking here?-No, I dont. (dont 后省略了后省略了mind your smoking here)1. The students in Class One are having English lessons and the students in Class Two are having Chinese lessons. 2. I thank you for your help. Leave out the words that can be omitted in the following sentences. The students in Class One are having English lessons and those in Class Two Chinese.Thank you for your help.3. There is a map of China in Room 201 and there is a map of the World in Room 202. 4. He is not only a good designer, but he is also a good manufacturer. There is a map of China in Room 201 and one of the World in Room 202.He is not only a good designer, but also a good manufacturer.5. Have you got the book or havent you got it? 6. The boy looked as if he were afraid of nothing. Have you got the book or not?The boy looked as if afraid of nothing. 7. I wish you a wonderful weekend.8. Would you come to join us? - Id love to do so. Wish you a wonderful weekend.Would you come to join us? - Id love to.9. When will you graduate? - Ill graduate in about 5 months. 10. While they were working in the factory, the students learnt a lot from the workers. When will you graduate? - In about 5 months.While working in the factory, the students learnt a lot from the workers.Correct the mistakes in the following sentences, paying attention to emphasis and inversion. 1. It was in the classroom which we had class meeting yesterday. 2. It is to help others what his duty is. It was in the classroom that we had class meeting yesterday. It is to help others that his duty is.3. It was until he told me about it that I learnt the truth. 4. Li Ming takes an active part in social work. - So each of us does. It was not until he told me about it that I learnt the truth. Li Ming takes an active part in social work. - So does each of us. 5. Hardly I thought it possible. Hardly did I think it possible. 6. No sooner he had entered the room than the telephone rang. No sooner had he entered the room than the telephone rang. 7. Little they realized that they had made a great discovery in chemistry. Little did they realize that they had made a great discovery in chemistry. 8. You had asked me, I would have given you the answer. Had you asked me, I would have given you the answer. 9. He cant explain all this. - Neither I cant. 10. Rarely we have seen a person with such bad temper. He cant explain all this. - Neither can I. Rarely have we seen a person with such bad temper. 1.1.是她建议我们去图书馆的。是她建议我们去图书馆的。 2.2.直到天黑我才意识到太晚了，不能去拜访他了。直到天黑我才意识到太晚了，不能去拜访他了。 It was she who/that suggested we go to the library. It was not until dark that I realized it was too late to visit him. Translate the sentences into English, using emphasis and inversion. 3.3.你们昨天工作得确实很苦。你们昨天工作得确实很苦。 4.4.我是在上周接到通知的。我是在上周接到通知的。 You did work very hard yesterday. It was last week that I got the notice. 5.5.我们的英语老师送给我的是这本字典。我们的英语老师送给我的是这本字典。 6.6.我一生中从未听说过这么奇怪的事情。我一生中从未听说过这么奇怪的事情。 It was this dictionary that our English teacher gave me. Never have I heard such a strange thing in my life. 7.7.只有当你亲自去做时，才能明白这项工作是多么艰苦。只有当你亲自去做时，才能明白这项工作是多么艰苦。 8.8.他不但答应帮助我们，而且还要借钱给我们。他不但答应帮助我们，而且还要借钱给我们。 Only when you do it yourself can you understand how hard the work is. Not only did he promise to help us, but he also wanted to lend us some money.