动词的时态和语态总结.docx

精品名师归纳总结动词的时态和语态总结I. 动词的时态：1. 动词的时态一共有 16 种,以 ask 为例,将其各种时态的构成形式列表如下：现在时过去时将来时过去将来时 一般ask / asksaskedshall/will askshould/would ask可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结进行am/is/are askingwas/wereaskingshall/will be askingshould/would be asking可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结完成have/has askedhad askedshall/will haveaskedshould/would have asked可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结完成进行have/has been askinghad been askingshall/will have been askingshould/would have beenasking可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结II. 动词的被动语态：常用被动语态构成常用被动语态构成1一般现在时am/is/are asked6过去进行时was/were being asked2一般过去时was/were asked7现在完成时have/has been asked3一般将来时shall/will be asked8过去完成时had been askedwill/would have been4过去将来时should/would be asked9将来完成时asked1can/must/may be5现在进行时am/is/are being asked0含有情态动词的asked注 被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not ,短语动词的被动态不行漏掉其中意 介副词。固定结构 be going to, used to, have to, had better变为被动态时,只需将其后的动事 词变为被动态。 如：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结项Trees should not be planted in summer. / The boy was made fun of by his classmates.Newspapers used to be sent here by the little girl.汉语有一类句子不显现主语,在英语中一般可用被动结构表示。如：It is believed that It is generally considered thatIt is said that It is well known that It must be pointed out thatIt is supposed that It is reported that It must be admitted that It is hoped that 下面主动形式常表示被动意义：如：The window wants/needs/requires repairing.The book is worth reading twice.The door won t shut. / The play wont act.The clothes washes well. / The book sellswell.The dish tastes delicious. / Water feels very cold.下面词或短语没有被动态：leave, enter, reach, become, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack, fit, fail, have, appear, happen, occur, belong to, take place, break out, come about, agree with, keep up with,consist of, have on, lose heart等等非谓语动词I. 非谓语动词的分类、意义及构成：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结非谓语形式构成时态和语态否定式复合结构特点和作用可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结不定式现在分分词词过去分词to doto be doing to have donedoing having doneto be done to have been donebeing done having been donedone在非谓语前加notfor sb. to do sth.具出名词,副词和形容词的作用在句中做主、宾、定、表和状语具有副词和形容词的作用 在句中做定、表、宾补和状语可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结动名词doing having donebeing done having been donesb s doing具出名词的作用在句中做主、宾、定和表语可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结II. 做宾语的非谓语动词比较：情形常用动词可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结只接不定式做宾语的动词只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语意义基本相同两意义相反者都hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford,determine, promise, happenmind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resist, considercan t help, feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, lookforward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick tobegin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue（接不定式多指详细的动作,接动名词多指一般或习惯行为）need, want, require（接动名词主动形式表示被动意义,如接不定式就应用被动形式）stop to do停止手中事,去做另一件事stop doing停止正在做的事remember/forget/regret to do（指动作尚未发可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结可以意义不同生）remember/forget/regret doing（指动作已经发生）try to do （设法,努力去做,尽力）try doing （试试去做,看有何结果）go on to do （接着做另外一件事）go on doing （接着做同一件事）mean to do （准备做,妄想做）mean doing（意识是,意味着）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结can t help to do （不能帮忙做）can t help doing （忍不住要做）III. 非谓语动词做宾语补足语的区分：常见动词与宾语的规律关系准时间概念例句可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结不定式ask, beg, expect, get, order, tell, want, wish, encourage主谓关系。强调动作将发生或已经完成I heard him call me severaltimes.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结现在分词过去分词have, notice, see, watch, hear, feel, let, makenotice, see, watch, hear, find, keep, have, feel主谓关系。强调动作正在进行,尚未完成动宾关系。动作已经完成,多强调状态I found her listening to theradio.We found the village greatlychanged.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结IV. 非谓语动词做定语的区分：区分举例与被修饰词往往有动宾关系,一般式表示将来,进行式可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结不定式表示与谓语动作同时发生,完成式表示在谓语动词之前发生I have a lot of papers to type.I have a lot of papers to be typed.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结动名词通常指被修饰词的用途,无规律上的任何关系Shall we go to the swimming pool.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结现在分词过去分词与被修饰词之间是主谓关系,表示动作与谓语动作同时发生与被修饰词之间是被动关系,表示动作发生在谓语动作之前,现已经完成the boiling water / the boiled water the developing country/the developedcountrythe falling leaves / the fallen leaves可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结V. 非谓语动词做主语和表语的区分：区分举例My dream is to become a teacher.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结多表示一个特定的详细的将来的动作,做主语时可以借助于it不定把不定式移到句子后面。做表语有时可和主语交换位置,而且式意义不变,并且仍能用what 来提问主语或表语。与不定式的功能区分不大,然而它更接近于名词,表示的动作动名比较抽象,或者泛指习惯性的动作,有时也可以用it 做形式主词语,做表语时可以和主语互换位置。无名词的性质,不能做主语。但是有形容词的性质,可以做表语,多说明主语的特点性质或者状态等,可被 very, quite, rather等副词修饰。分词现在分词多含有 “令人 ”之意,说明主语的性质特点,多表示主动,主语多为物。过去分词一般表示被动或主语所处的状态,含有 “ 感到 ” 之意,主语多是人。To obey the law is important. dream, business, wish, idea, plan,duty, task做主语经常用 It is no use saying that again andagain.Teaching is my job.The situation is encouraging.The book is well written.常见分词有 astonishing, moving, tiring, disappointing, puzzling,shocking, boring, amusing及其 -ed形式 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结THANKS .致力为企业和个人供应合同协议,策划案方案书,学习课件等等打造全网一站式需求欢迎您的下载,资料仅供参考可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载