高考英语（江苏专用）大二轮总复习课件完形填空专题：专题二　完形填空解题五技巧.ppt

夹叙夹议型完形填空的特点与解题策略 在夹叙夹议型的完形填空中，作者首先叙述一个事件，然后就此事件提出自己的见解或由此事件引出一个深刻的社会主题，所选的有关文章蕴涵深刻的人生哲理，耐人寻味。鉴于这一点考生不但要理解文章的字面意思，更重要的是挖掘文章的内涵，只有做到了这一点，考生才能透彻理解文章，做好完形填空。夹叙夹议型的完形填空一般有以下三个特点：1先叙述作者自己的某一个生活经历或见闻，然后针对这一事件发表自己对生活的看法，或揭示生活的真理。2作者先提出一种观点或看法，然后围绕这一观点或看法用具体的事例加以说明，有时也可能是用几个事例从不同的侧面来说明。3提出一种观点或见解，然后用某一事例来阐述这一观点，最后再进一步地总结和升华。对于夹叙夹议型的完形填空，抓住作者要说明的观点或要阐述的生活哲理是做好这一类型题目的关键，而作者叙述所发生的事件或生活经历只是为表达其思想服务的。对于夹叙夹议型的完形填空还要把叙和议有机地结合起来。有的考生没有注意到这一点，他们把叙述与议论分割开来，只顾选某个部分的答案，而没有注意到事件与论点之间的关系。这时，文章主旨的部分就不可能处理好。 掌握完形填空解题五技巧一、根据“词语同现”解题“词语同现”，也有人称之为“词场”。同现词之间有同义、反义或相对关系，或者同类互补关系等，如differently与in difference；different与same，similar；cruel与friendly；ill与pale，patient，doctor，operation等，根据此相关信息确定答案。【典例1】I never felt so _as I did that day，.poor.Aangry Brich Cpatient Dbitter解析考查反义词复现。作者说出自己家很贫寒，但此时感觉在那天说的事在精神上是很“富有”的。由此只有B项rich符合句意要求。【典例2】“I have a brilliant design for our egg container! A protective one！” I said when Cassie arrived.“We can _ the egg with some butter cream.”.Aprotect Breplace Ccarry Dmix解析考查同根词复现。根据文中的“a protective one”可知，此处要用protective的动词形式protect“保护，防护”。故选A项。二、根据“词语复现”解题“词语复现”是指某一个词以原词或同义词等方式在同一语篇中“重复出现”。“词语复现”有原词复现，同源词复现(即同根词)、同义词或近义词复现，如ill与sickness，上下义复现(即概括与分述，如animal是sheep，tiger，wolf等的上义词；rose是flower的下义词); 反义复现(如wrong与right)等。了解词语复现这种衔接手段，有助于快速准确地解答完形填空题。【典例1】.When the Red Cross started blood banks to collect and store blood for men wounded in battle，black Americans gave blood along with the whites.At first their blood was not accepted.Later blood from the blacks was _ but was stored in a separate place from“white”blood.Areceived Baccepted Clost Dfound解析考查原词复现。此空的前一句是“At first their blood was not accepted”，根据行文逻辑可知，此处仍要用accepted，一开始黑人的血不被接受，而后来被接受了。故答案为B项。【典例2】.It seems your tray stand has been very useful to you，but we are getting ready to leave now，and my wife needs her _ back.Abag Bwalker Ctray Dcoat解析考查原词复现。前一句是：你的这个托盘架对你似乎很有用，但是，我们现在要走了，我的妻子想拿回她的“托盘”。根据前面部分出现的tray stand，他们是想拿回“我”误拿的托盘。故tray正确。故答案为C项。三、根据“逻辑推理”解题根据上下文的逻辑关系来推理正确答案，逻辑关系包括因果关系、对比关系、并列关系、转折关系、让步关系、递进关系、条件与结果的关系等。从近几年来的高考完形填空题来看，最多的是利用因果关系来推断正确答案。【典例1】.Some people choose not to eat meat because they believe that it is cruel to eat animals，but others argue that they can eat meat and _ be kind to animals.Astill Beven Clater Dsomehow解析句意：一些人选择不吃肉，因为他们相信吃动物是残酷的，但是其他人争论说他们可以吃肉，同时仍然对动物慈善。上下为“转折关系”，故选A项。【典例2】.She longs for a sense of _5_，and so we have come to Nova Scotia where my husband and I were born and where our ancestors _6_ for 200 years.(2013福建)5A.home Bduty Creality Drelief6A.built Blived Cremained Dexplored解析她渴望，“and so”(因此)表示递进关系，下文又出现“我和丈夫出生的地方”，故可以推断是“家”，选择A项，从而推断出下一选项为B项lived，其它意义不当。四、根据“背景常识”解题将文段意思和我们原有的生活经验、文化背景知识，以及科普常识等结合起来，进行简单推理，从而得出正确答案。事实上，该技巧与“逻辑推断”常常是交织在一起的，因为虽有背景常识，仍需简单推理；逻辑推理离不开背景常识。【典例1】.People from Latin American countries，_10_，touch each other quite a lot.Therefore，its possible that in _11_，it may look like a Latino is _12_ a Norwegian all over the room.The Latino，trying to express friendship，will keep moving _13_.The Norwegian，very probably seeing this as pushiness，will keep _14_which the Latino will in return regard as _15_.【语篇导读】这是一篇典型的可以根据“背景常识”解题的完形填空，如果了解在不同文化背景下的常识，做好这篇完形填空将会很容易。10A.in other words Bon the other hand Cin a similar way Dby all means 解析上文讲到了北欧人的习惯，此处要针对拉丁人的习惯进行说明，on the other hand另一方面，符合上下文语境。in other words换句话说；in a similar way相似地；by all means当然可以。答案B11A.trouble BconversationCsilence Dexperiment解析根据下文可知，拉丁人一直在缩短与北欧人之间的距离，此时两个人应该是在房间进行交谈。答案B12A.disturbing BhelpingCguiding Dfollowing解析根据下文的叙述，拉丁人想离对方近一些以示友谊，而挪威人却一直在后退，好像是拉丁人在追着挪威人跑一样。答案D13A.closer BfasterCin Daway解析根据trying to express friendship可知，拉丁人极力想离对方近一些。答案A14A.stepping forward Bgoing onCbacking away Dcoming out 解析根据pushiness可知，挪威人在向后退。答案C15A.weakness BcarelessnessCfriendliness Dcoldness解析拉丁人认为距离近是表明两人的友好，而挪威人却在不断后退以保持双方的距离，故拉丁人认为这是“冷漠”的表现。答案D五、根据“前后搭配”解题“前后搭配”主要指动词与介词的搭配、动宾搭配以及句式搭配等。能不能搭配，除涉及词语的用法外，还需要综合语法知识及常识等来判断。【典例1】词语的习惯搭配.Several thoughts crossed my mind as I watched him work.He wasnt welldressed.He had on a pair of shorts and a(n) shiny Tshirt.The bicycle he rode was not by any means the kind modern cyclists would want to be seen riding on.But he seemed _47_ with life.There he was，.47A.busy Bcontent Ccareful Dbored解析但这位老人怡然自得，好像是对自己的生活非常满足。seem content with.表示“好像对满足”，是习惯搭配，故选B项。【典例2】句式的搭配.I tried picking_up trash(垃圾)myself，but the job was too big.I would _24_ an hour or two on the job，only to find the area trashed all over again weeks later.Finally，I got so tired_of it that I decided something had to change.24A.kill Bsave Cwait Dspend解析作者花费一两个小时来捡这里的垃圾，sb spend(s) some time on sth 或者sb spend(s) some time in doing sth是固定句式，表示“某人花费时间在(做)某事上”，故选D项spend。【典例3】语法结构的搭配.I was growing up in Kuala Lumpur in the early 1960s，_38_ children from different races and religions played and studied together in harmony.At that time my family lived a stones throw from Ismails.38A.why Bwhich Chow Dwhen解析分析句子可知，非限制性定语从句_38_ children from different races and religions.修饰先行词the early 1960s，所以需填表时间的关系副词when，故答案为D项。(2014天津)One night，when I was eight，my mother gently asked me a question I would never forget.“Sweetie，my company wants to _1_ me but needs me to work in Brazil.This is like your teacher telling you that youve done _2_ and allowing you to skip a grade(跳级)，but youll have to _3_ your friends.Would you say yes to your teacher？”She gave me a hug and asked me to think about it.I was puzzled.The question kept me _4_ for the rest of the night.I had said“yes”but for the first time，I realized the _5_ decisions adults had to make.For almost four years，my mother would call us from Brazil every day.Every evening Id _6_ wait for the phone to ring and then tell her every detail of my day.A phone call，however，could never replace her _7_ and it was difficult not to feel lonely at times.During my fourthgrade Christmas break，we flew to Rio to visit her.Looking at her large _8_ apartment，I became _9_ how lonely my mother must have been in Brazil herself.It was then _10_ I started to appreciate the tough choices she had to make on _11_ family and work._12_ difficult decisions，she used to tell me，you wouldnt know whether you made the right choice，but you could always make the best out of the situation，with passion and a _13_ attitude.Back home，I _14_ myself that what my mother could do，I could，too.If she _15_ to live in Rio all by herself，I，too，could learn to be _16_.I learnt how to take care of myself and set high but achievable _17_.My mother is now back with us.But I will never forget what the _18_ has really taught me.Sacrifices _19_ in the end.The separation between us has proved to be a _20_ for me.【语篇导读】“我”还是八岁小孩的时候，母亲就让我明白，成人有时也会面对工作和家庭的艰难选择，要努力平衡两者之间的关系；随着年龄增长，我越来越能够体味母亲的坚强与独立；聚少离多的生活也使我在理解母亲的同时，成长为一个坚强独立的人。母亲的牺牲获得了回报。1A.attract Bpromote Csurprise Dpraise解析考查词义辨析。根据上下文可知母亲将被升职，故选B。答案B2A.little Bmuch Cwell Dwrong解析考查语境理解。根据下文“允许你跳级”，说明做得好，故选C。答案C3A.leave Brefuse Ccontact Dforgive解析考查语境理解及词义辨析。A.离开；B.拒绝；C.和联系；D.原谅。根据上下文，可知因为跳级要离开朋友，故选A。答案A4A.explaining Bsleeping Cwondering Dregretting解析考查语境理解及词义辨析。A.解释；B.睡觉；C.思考；想知道；D.遗憾。根据上下文，这个问题让“我”一直思考，可知选C。答案C5A.poor Btimely Cfinal Dtough解析考查词义辨析与语境理解。根据第三自然段第三行the tough choices提示，可知选D。答案D6A.eagerly Bpolitely Cnervously Dcuriously解析考查副词辨析。A.eagerly热切地；B.礼貌地；C.紧张地；D.好奇地。根据语境，母亲在外地工作，很难见面，“我”一定是“热切地”盼望母亲来电话，故选A。答案A7A.patience Bpresence Cintelligence Dinfluence解析考查名词辨析。A.耐心；B.出席，在场；C.智慧；D.影响。根据语境：可是一个电话永远不可能代替母亲本人在，因此有时很难不感到孤独，可知选B。答案B8A.comfortable Bexpensive Cempty Dmodern解析考查形容词辨析。A.舒适的；B.昂贵的；C.空荡荡的；D.现代化的。根据语境：“看到她空荡荡的寓所，我也意识到母亲自己在巴西也很孤独”与下文中的“lonely”语境呼应，故选C。答案C9A.interested in Baware of Cdoubtful about Dsatisfied with解析考查短语辨析。A.对感兴趣；B.意识到；C.对感到怀疑；D.对感到满意，根据语境可知选B。答案B10A.when Bwhere Cwhich Dthat解析考查强调句型。句意：直到那时，我才开始感激母亲为了平衡工作和家庭所做出的艰难选择。此句是强调时间状语，故选D。答案D11A.abandoning Bbalancing Ccomparing Dmixing解析考查动词辨析。A.抛弃；B.平衡；C.对比；D.混合。根据语境可知选B。答案B12A.Depending on BSupplied with CFaced with DInsisting on解析考查短语辨析。A.依靠，根据；B.为提供；C.面临，面对；D.坚持。根据语意：“面对艰难的抉择，她常告诉我，你不可能知道自己的选择是否正确，但你可以用热情和乐观的态度去充分利用这种情况。”可知，选C。答案C13A.different Bfriendly Cpositive Dgeneral解析考查形容词辨析。A.不同的；B.友好的；C.乐观的；积极的；D.大致的，大体上的。根据语境，“应用乐观的态度面对这种情况”，可知选C。答案C14A.criticized Binformed Cwarned Dreminded解析考查动词辨析。A.批判；批评；B.通知，告知；C.警告；D.提醒。根据语境：“回家后我提醒自己：母亲可以做到的，我也能做到。”故选D。答案D15A.managed Boffered Cattempted Dexpected解析考查动词辨析。A.manage to do设法成功做到；B.offer to do主动提出做；C.attempt to do尝试着做；D.expect to do期待要做，预料到做；根据语境“母亲成功做到独自在异地生活”。故选A。答案A16A.grateful Benergetic Cindependent Dpractical解析考查形容词辨析。A.感激的；B.精力充沛的；C.独立的；D.实用的。根据上文“She managed to live in Rio all by herself”可知，此处强调其独立性，故选C。答案C 17A.examples Blimits Crules Dgoals解析考查名词辨析。A.例子；B.限制；C.规则；D.目标。根据上文可与动词set搭配，且用achievable作定语修饰，语境：“我学会了照顾自己和设立高但可达到的目标”可知选D。答案D18A.question Bexperience Chistory Doccasion解析考查名词辨析。A.问题；B.经验，经历；C.历史；D.场合。该空在该句中做主语，应是概括前文讲到的经历，故选B。句意：我永远都不会忘记这次经历教给我的一切。答案B19A.pay off Bcome back Crun out Dturn up解析考查短语辨析。A.没有白费；得到报偿；B.回来；C.用光，用完了；D.出现，到场。该句主语是sacrifices，句意：这些牺牲最后都没有白费。故选A。答案A20A.blessing Bgathering Cfailure Dpleasure解析考查名词辨析。A.保佑；赐福；B.聚集，汇聚；C.失败；D.乐趣，乐事。根据语意，由于母亲不在身边，我变得独立、坚强，所以这种经历也使我获得了意想不到的收获。所以，就像上苍赐给我的福气，故选A。答案A点击此处进入点击此处进入