倒装句用法归纳.doc

倒装句用法归纳英语句子的基本语序是“主语 + 谓语”，如果将谓语的一部分或全部放到主语的前面，这种语序叫“倒装”。倒装的原因有二：一是语法结构的需要；二是为了强调。倒装语序中整个谓语都放在主语前称为全部倒装；只有部分谓语放在主语前称为部分倒装或半倒装。、部分倒装：所谓部分倒装，就是把谓语的一部分，即将be动词、助动词或情态动词部分放在主语前面，也叫局部倒装或不完全倒装。主要有以下几种情况：1、only修饰状语(副词、介词短语或状语从句)置于句首时，用部分倒装。only修饰状语置于句首时，句子用部分倒装；only修饰状语从句时，主句用部分倒装，从句不倒装。其结构为：Only + 副词/介词短语 + be动词/助动词/情态动词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他；Only + 状语从句 + 主句（be动词/助动词/情态动词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他）。如：Only then did I realize that I was wrong.直到那时，我才意识到我错了。（副词then）Only in this way can you make progress in your English.只有这样，你的英语才能进步。（介词短语in this way）Only when a great deal more information has been obtained, will it be possible to plan a manned trip to Mars.只有得到了更多的信息时，才有可能计划去火星的载人飞行。（only修饰when引导的时间状语从句用陈述语序，主句用倒装语序。）Only yesterday did I find out my old diary.昨天我才找出旧时的日记。Only in this way did we solve the problem.只有用这种方法我们才解决了问题。Only because she is a girl do they refuse to accept her.仅只因为她是个女孩他们拒绝接受她。2、某些表示否定意义的副词、连词置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。常见的具有否定意义副词或连词有：little, never, nowhere, hardly, seldom, barely, no more, no longer, not until，by no means (= in no case= on no account决不), in no way（一点也不），in no time（立刻）, at no time（任何时候都不）, on no condition（无论如何也不）等。但表示否定意义的but for（倘没有，要不是）置于句首时，主谓不倒装。如：Nowhere was the key to be found.到处都找不到钥匙。By no means shall I change the plan.我决不改变计划。No longer will I believe a word you say.我不再相信你说的任何话了。In no case are you to leave your post.你决不可离开你的岗位。Under no circumstances should we give up hope.我们决不放弃希望。Seldom do I quarrel with her.我很少与她争吵。Never in my life have I seen such a thing.我一生中从没有见到过这种事。Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.直到我开始工作，我才认识到已蹉跎了几多岁月。Never have I seen such an exhibition.我从未见过这样的展览。Not until quite recently did I hear of that famine in Africa.直到最近我才听说非洲的那场饥荒。Little did we know that the sea may offer us new sources of energy.我们一点也没想到海洋可能为我们提供新能源。But for his help I couldnt pass the examination.要不是他的帮助，我不能通过这次考试。3、在not only but (also)结构中，以not only开头的并列句子，not only分句用部分倒装，but (also)分句不倒装。如：Not only does she play football, but also she climbs mountains.她不仅踢足球，而且还爬山。Not only can we design but we can manufacture.我们不仅能设计而且还能制造。4、以hardly/scarcely when, no sooner than等引导的句子中，hardly/scarcely, no sooner置于句首时，主句部分倒装，从句不倒装。如：Hardly had he got into the room when the telephone rang.他刚进屋电话就响了。No sooner had I closed the door than somebody started knocking on it.我刚头上门就有人敲门。Hardly had he finished when his boss hung up.他还没来得及说完，他的上司就把电话挂了。No sooner had she arrived home than it rained.她刚到家就下起雨来了。5、某些so开头的句子置于句首时，需用部分倒装。so开头的句子置于句首，具备下列三个条件时，通常用倒装语序：so的词义是“也”；前句单个肯定句；前句和so句不是同一个主语。其句型结构为：So + be动词/助动词/情态动词 + 主语，表示前面的肯定情况也适用于后者。如：He was right, and so are you.他过去是对的，而你现在也是对的。She has gone to Beijing, so has he.她去北京了，他也去了。She loves pop music, so do I.她喜欢流行音乐，我也如此。He is one of your customers. So am I.Their economy has developed rapidly. So has ours.Advertising can promote goods. So can after-service（售后服务）.【注】so的词义是“的确、当然”，而不是“也”，表示对上句的赞同和肯定时，so句与前句是同一主语，so开头的句子不需要倒装。如：-It was cold yesterday.昨天天冷。 -So it was.是的，够冷的。【注当前面所说的情况由两个或更多的句子来陈述，而这一情况也适用于后者时，其句型结构为：So it is/was + with + 主语。如：She was in poor health and hardly did housework, so it was with her husband.她身体虚弱，几乎不做家务活儿，她丈夫也是如此。6、在neither/nor引起的说明前面的否定情况也适用于后者的句型中，置于句首时，句子需用部分倒装。其句型结构为：Neither/Nor + + be动词/助动词/情态动词 + 主语（与前一句不是同一主语），意为“也不”。如：I havent been to England. Neither/Nor has he.我没有去过英国，他也没去过。The first one wasnt good. Neither was the second.He did not accept the conditions. Neither did she.She will not do such a thing. Neither will her sister.7、在含有were, had, should的虚拟条件从句中，如果省略if，将were, had或should置于句首时，从句要用部分倒装。如：Were I here, I should go.如果我在这里，我会去的。Had she come earlier, she would have caught the train.要是她早一点来，就可以赶上火车了。Should it rain, the crops would be saved.如果下雨，庄稼就得救了。Should I do the experiment, I would do it some other way.要是我来做这个实验我会采用其他方式。Had he been here, he would have helped you.他要是（当时）在这里，他会帮助你的。8、as引导的让步状语从句时，用部分倒装。as引导让步状语从句时，表达一种较强的语意，其用法较为特殊。在as引导的让步状语从句右，通常作表语的形容词、分词或不带冠词的名词，作状语的副词，动词原形放在as前面，其结构是：a./v.-ing/n.(不带冠词)+ as + 主语 + is/are；ad. + as + 主语 + 谓语（实义动词）；do(动词原形)+ as + 主语 + 助动词/情态动词。如：Poor as she is, she is very honest.她人穷志不短。Child as he is, she knows a lot.她虽然是个小孩，但她懂得很多。Injured as he was,he continued to give comfort and first aid t the other passengers.他虽然受了伤，但他继续安慰和救助其他乘客。Try as he does, he will never be top of his class.虽然他努力，但在班里总成不了第一名。Hard as he tried, he didnt pass the exam.他虽然努力了，但考试未能及格。9、only修饰前置宾语或前置宾语由“not a/an + (single) + 单数名词”构成时，句子部分倒装。如：Only five men did he see.他只看到了5个人。Not a single mistake did she make.她一点错误也没有出。10在so/such that句型中，如果so/such引导的部分置于句首时，主句用倒装语序，从句用正常语序。如：So interesting is the table tennis game that people all over the world play it.乒乓球运动非常有趣，世界上到处都有人从事这项活动。So small can a TV set be made that it may be easily placed in a watch.电视机可以被做得很小以致能够很容易将它装在手表里。So hard did Jenny work in the shop that she had her pay raised soon.珍妮在商店里工作非常努力，不久就增加了工资。Such a good boy is he that we all love him.他是那么好的一个孩子，我们都喜欢他。11、疑问句是部分倒装句型。如：Do they work in the factory? 他们在这家工厂上班吗？When did you arrive here? 你什么时候到这儿的？但疑问词在句中作主语的特殊疑问句是正常语序，不是倒装。如：Who runs the factory? 谁经营这家工厂?、全部倒装：全部倒装就是把谓语动词全部直接放在主语之前，不需借助情态动词或助动词。常见的全部倒装有：1.副词up, down, in, out, away, now, then, over, off, back, thus等放在句首以表示强调，谓语动词是come, go, rush, run, follow, begin, end, be等不及物动词时，句子全倒装，但如果人称代词作主语则不用倒装。如：Now comes your turn.现在轮到你了。Out went the children.孩子们出去了。Then followed shot of gun.接着是一声枪响。Off went the horses.这些马走脱了。Thus ended the meeting.会议就这样结束了。The door opened and in came Mr. Smith, our headmaster.门开了，史密斯先生，我们的校长走了进来。Back fought our soldiers.我们的士兵还击了。Over turned the huge stone.这块巨石翻了个滚。Up and up go the prices.价格涨得越来越高。Up flew the arrow into the sky.箭嗖得一声射入天空。Down drops the meat into the foxs mouth.这块肉往下一落，掉入狐狸的嘴里。Down sat the old woman in the chair when she heard the bad news.当老妇人听到那坏消息时，她一下子瘫在椅子上。Away he went without saying a word.他一句话也没说就走了。（主语是人称代词he，故went与he不需倒装）In he came and the lesson began.他走进来开始上课。Back they fought.他们还击了。Up it flew.它往上飞了。2、以here, there，引起的句子要用全部倒装。除了使用be以外，还可以用表示不确定含义、状态或主动的动词，如：seem, live, appear, come, exist, go, remain, follow, happen, enter等。注意主语是人称代词时，主谓不需倒装；here, there放在句首通常用一般现在时。如：Here is a letter for you.有你一封信。There comes the bus!车来了!There goes the bell.铃响了。There he comes.他来了。Here it is.它在这儿。There is nobody in the classroom.教室里空无一人。There seems something wrong about it.这事好像有什么毛病。There happened an event last week.上周出了一件事。There lived a girl named Aqiao long ago.很久以前这儿住了一位叫阿巧的姑娘。There stands a temple on the top of the mountains.山顶有座庙。There lies a deep pond at the foot of the hill.山脚下有一口深塘。There exist different opinions on this question.关于这个问题还有不同意见。Here are coats for young people.这儿有年轻人穿的外衣。Here is a seat for you, Wang Lin.王林，这儿有你的座位。3、当句首状语是表示地点的介词短语时，要用全部倒装。既是为了强调状语，也是为了与下文紧密衔接。如：In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor.在英国一所大学的报告厅里坐着一位教授。Around the house are rows of trees, which were planted around 100 years ago.房屋四周有一排排的树木，它们都是大约100年前种植的。4、直接引语的一部分或全部置于句首时，对话引导语采用全部倒装。如：“You must come back on time,” said the mother.“你必须按时回来，”妈妈说。5、当“long live ”置于句首表示祝愿时，主谓完全倒装。如：Long live the friendship of the people all over the world! 全世界人民间的友谊万岁!6、there be句型是全倒装句型。如：There are some students in the classroom.教室里有几位学生。There is a tall tree in front of the classroom.教室前面有一棵大树。7、表语置于句首时，倒装结构为“表语 + 连系动词 + 主语”，属全倒装句型：形容词 + 连系动词 + 主语Present at the meeting were Mr. Li, Mr. Wang and many other teachers.出席会议的有李老师、王老师和其他很多老师。分词+ 连系动词 + 主语Gone are the days when we used foreign oil.我们使用洋油的日子一去不复返了。Sitting in the front are the leaders of the school.从在前面的是学校领导。介词短语+ be + 主语Among the goods are books, exercise-books, pens and some other things.在所有的货物中有书、练习册、钢笔和其他东西。倒装练习题1.-It was careless of you to have left your clothes outside all night. -My God! _.(99上海)A. So did I B. So I did C. So were you D. So did you2.Not a single song _ at yesterdays party. (2000上海) A. she sang B. sang she C. did she sing D. she did sing3.Only when the war was over _ to his hometown. (2001上海)A. did the young soldier return B. the young soldier returned C. returned the young soldier D. the young soldier did return4.In recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we go, _. (2001上海) A. our holiday will be better B. our holiday will be the better C. the better our holiday will be D. the better will our holiday be5.So difficult _ it to live in an English speaking country that I determined to learn English. (2001上海) A. I have felt B. have I felt C. I did feel D. did I feel6.Little _ about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself. (95上海) A. does he care B. did he care C. he cares D. he cared7.-David has made great progress recently. -_, and _. (97上海)A. So he has, so you have B. So he has, so have youC. So has he, so have you D. So has he, so you have8._ can you expect to get a pay rise. (2001北京春)A. With hard work B. Although work hard C. Only with hard work D. Now that he works hard9.As far as I am concerned, education is about learning and the more you learn, _. (2002上海)A. the more for life are you equipped B. the more equipped for life you are C. the more life you are equipped for D. you are equipped the more for life10.-You forgot your purse when you went out. -Good heavens, _. (2002上海)A. So did I B. So I did C. I did so D. I so did11.Not only _ interested in football but _ beginning to show an interest in it. (2002上海春)A. the teacher himself is, all his students areB. the teacher himself is, are all his studentsC. is the teacher himself, are all his studentsD. is the teacher himself, all his students are12.I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life _ so happy! (2002北京春)A. did I feel B. I felt C. I had felt D. had I felt13.Not until all the fish died in the river _ how serious the population was. (NMET 95)A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized C. the villagers did realize D. didnt the villagers realize14._, Mother will wait for him to have dinner together. (NMET 97)A. However late is he B. However he is lateC. However is he late D. However late he is15.-Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother? -I dont know, _. (MET 91)A. nor dont I care B. nor do I careC. I dont care neither D. I dont care also16.Not a single word _ at the meeting. A. he said B. said he C. did he say D. he did say17.Shes passed the driving test, _. A. so am I B. so have I C. so I have D. also I have18._ so careless, I should have got a full mark in the final examination.A. Were I not B. Had I not been C. If I was not D. If I have not been19._ excited was he _ he can hardly express himself.A. Hardly, when B. Such, that C. So, that D. No sooner, that20._ succeed in doing anything.A. Only by working hard we can B. By only working hard we can C. Only we can by working hard D. Only by working hard can we21.-I can not se the picture well from here. -_.A. Neither cant I B. Neither can I C. Neither I can D. I cant neither22.-This is one of the oldest tree in this park. -_ such a big tree.A. Never I have B. I havent seen C. Never have I seen D. I have seen never23.-Why cant I smoke? -At no time _ in the meeting room.A. does smoking is permitted B. is smoking is permittedC. smoking is permitted D. permits smoking24.Little _ about his health though he was very ill. A. did he care B. does he care C. he cares D. he cared25.In such a hurry _ his office that he forgot to lock the door. A. did he leave B. he left C. he had left D. has he left26.Not once these years _ the prices of these products. A. did we changed B. have we changed C. did we change D. we have changed27.Not until I began to work _ how much time I had wasted.A. didnt I realize B. did I realize C. I didnt realize D. I realized28.After that we never saw her again, nor _ from her. A. did we hear B. we heard C. had we heard D. we have heard29.Not for a second _ lose confidence. A. these students did B. did these students C. these students D. all these students about to30.Not only _ me a promise, but he also kept it. A. has he given B. gave he C. did he give D. he did give31.Away _. A. ran the dog B. the dog ran C. did the dog run D. is the dog running32.Seldom _ such a film like that. A. saw she B. does she see C. is she see D. sees she33._ entered room _ the telephone rang. A. Hardly had we, when B. Hardly did we, when C. Hardly had we, that D. We hardly had, when34.We visited the farm house _ with two front teeth missing. A. in front of which sat a boy B. where a boy sat C. in front of which a boy sat D. where was a boy sitting35._, he cant explain all things in the universe. A. As he is a scientist B. As he is scientist C. Scientist as he is D. A scientist as he is36.Nowhere else in the world _ more friendly people than in China. A. you will find B. can you be able to findC. you may have found D. can you find37._ the door than someone started knocking at it. A. I had closed no sooner B. I no sooner closed C. No sooner I had closed D. No sooner had I closed38._ got into the room _ the telephone rang. A. Hardly he had, when B. Hardly had he, when C. He had not, than