2014考研英语二试题与解析2015年度0801.doc

2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题与解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Thinner isnt always better. A number of studies have _1_ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually _2_. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. _3_ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an _4_ of good health.Of even greater _5_ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined _6_ body mass index, or BMI. BMI _7_ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, _8_,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.Negative attitudes toward obesity, _18_in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity _19_.My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign _20_ childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.1. A denied B conduced C doubled D ensured【答案】B concluded【解析】 题干中，一系列的研究已经_，事实上，正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人。根据句义，后面的部分实际上是研究的结论，因此concluded 符合题意，其他选项denied(否认)与意义相反，doubled(翻倍)与题意较远，ensured(确保)不符合题意，因为研究不能确保后面的事 实，只能得出后面的事实作为结论。所以正确答案为B。2. A protective B dangerous C sufficient Dtroublesome【答案】A protective【解析】 题干中，对于某些健康情况，超重事实上是有_。根据前文研究的结论，超重能减少罹患疾病的风险，说明超重具有一定的保护作用。Dangerous 和文章意思相反，sufficient表示充足，troublesome表示有麻烦，不符合题意，所以正确答案为A。3. A Instead B However C Likewise D Therefore【答案】C likewise【解析】第三句话中，较重的女人患缺钙的比例低于较瘦的女人。_，在老年人中，一定程度上超重。需要填入的是和前半句表示顺接的词 语。A选项instead表示逆接的句意关系，B选项however也表示逆接，D选项therefore表示因此，只有C选项likewise意为同样 地;也，而且。因此正确答案为C。4. A indicator B objective C origin D example【答案】A indicator【解析】本句话中，_，一定程度上超重，经常是健康的_。A选项，表示指示器，指标。B选项objective表示客观;C选 项origin表示来源，D选项example表示例子。根据前面的文章内容，已经明确指出超重代表了健康，因此超重是健康的指标。因此正确答案为A。5. A impact B relevance C assistance D concern【答案】D concern【解析】本句话的句意是，需要更加_是，很难对肥胖加以定义。A、impact(印象);B、relevance(相关性);C、 assistance(辅助);D、concern(关注)。前文已经说到肥胖事实上有利健康，但是又面临一个问题，到底如何去定义肥胖，因此需要更加关 注的是对肥的定义，其他选项均不符合题意，所以正确答案为D。6. A in terms of B in case of C in favor of D in of【答案】A in terms of【解析】题干中,肥胖经常_体质指数，或称为BMI来定义。A、in terms of ，根据，就而言。B、In case of 表示在某种情况下， C、in favor of 表示赞成，以来取代，D、in respect of，关于。因此正确答案为A。7. A measures B determines C equals D modifies【答案】C equals【解析】本题题干中BMI_体重除以身高的平方，这里是用文字叙述了BMI指数得出的方法，也就是一个数学公式，所以equal符合题 意。A measure(测量)、B determine表示确定;D modify(修订)。句义就是BMI等于体重除以身高的平方。8. A in essence B in contrast C in turn D in part【答案】C in turn【解析】本题题干中，肥胖_能够分成中度肥胖、重度肥胖和极度肥胖。A、in essence(事实上、实际上); B、in contrast (相反地);C、in turn(依次); D、in part (部分地)。本句是将肥胖依次分级，所以正确答案为C。9. A complicated B conservative C variable D straightforward【答案】D straightforward【解析】题干中，相比之下，这样的数字标准看起来_，实际上不是的。A、complicated (复杂);B、conservative(保守)、C、variable(可变的);D、straightforward(直截了当);这里的数字标准指 的就是肥胖指数，肥胖指数分为三类，而且算法比较简单，所以A复杂不正确，B选项保守，用于描述一种数学公式，不恰当，一名患者或一名受试者的BMI一般 是确定的，因此可变的也不符合题意，D选项straightforward表示直截了当，符合题意，因此正确答案为D。10. A so Bwhile C since D unless【答案】B while【解析】本句中，一些人有很高的BMI，实际上身材正好，_其他人有较低的BMI指数，可能_。从前半句我们可以看出，有些人 的BMI指数很高，应该属于体重肥胖的人，事实上身材正好，这里说明的是反常的现象，后半句是其他人的BMI指数较低，而_较差。A、so(所 以);B、while(而);C、since(因为);D、unless(除非)四个选项中只有while有转折的含义，其他选项均不符合题意，所以正确 答案为B。11. A shape B spirit C balance D taste【答案】A shape【解析】本题可以简化为：Some are fit, while others may be in poor .不难看出，前后意义相反，且fit(体型健康)与in poor 对应，与之最相关是A shape(外形)，故为正确答案。"精神"、"均衡"、"品味"都相差比较远，可以排除。12. A start B quality C retire D stay【答案】B qualify【解析】本题顺应前文意义：有一些人体型很好，有些人体型体型肥胖。接下来举例说有些专业足球运动员 是肥胖的，"开始"不符;"处在"也不符合句意;"退休"内容无关;"被认为"符合句意，正确。13. A strange B changeable C normal D constant【答案】C normal【解析】本句不难理解：有些人脂肪过高，但是BMI却 。所需词汇明显是正向的，排除A、B;D属中性，且不符合句意，C(正常的)契合，为正确答案。14. A option B reason C opportunity D tendency【答案】D tendency【解析】本题解题关键是后半句：to stigmatize obesity(抵毁肥胖)，作为划线部分的后置定语，将四个选项"选择""理由""机会""倾向"代入划线处，最符合句意的是D(倾向)。后面一句也进 一步证实了(出现在媒体中的肥胖者脸都是打了马赛马的)。15. A employed B pictured C imitated D monitored【答案】B pictured【解析】空格所在句提到了媒体，根据语境，上句讲到当今我们都污蔑肥胖，所以本句的意思应该是媒体污蔑肥胖，四个选项中，跟媒体相关系的词汇只有b picture 意思为刻画，描写，描述。16. Acompared B combined C settled D associated【答案】D associated【解析】空格所在句的意思是与肥胖_的原型包括懒惰，缺乏意志力，对成功的期望值不高。空格后面提到的懒惰，缺乏意志力和对成功的期望 值不高都是与肥胖相关的表现，分析四个选项，A. 与。相比;B 与。相结合;C. 和。和解;都不符合题意，只有D与。相联系，相关符合句意。17. A Even B Still C Yet D Only【答案】A even【解析】空格所在句的意思是_小孩子蔑视超重，而且对身材的嘲笑一直是学校的一个问题。本空格缺少一个副词，根据语境记忆常识，此处应该填入表示让步关系的词汇，分析四个选项，只有A even 即使符合题意。18. A despised B corrected C ignored D grounded【答案】D grounded【解析】根据语境，空前讲到对肥胖的负面态度，空后讲到对健康的关注，激发一批反肥胖的_。本句没有出现任何转折词，说明空前后所表达的意思是一致的，反对肥胖，是基于对健康的关注，分析四个选项，能够表达此意思的词汇，只有选项D grounded,意思是基于。19. A discussions B businesses C policies D studies【答案】C policies【解析】解答此题需要联系空格后面紧跟着的句子。空后的句子出现了一系列表示同一个语义场的词汇，比如 hospital system ; ban; many employers institute, 指向的意思是一个系统中所出台的政策的问题，浏览四个选项，C选项policies 符合题意，直接入选。20. A for B against C with D without【答案】B against【解析】本段的主题是反对肥胖，本句话属于细节的句子，用来支持这个主题，空格所在句讲到米歇尔奥巴马已经发起了一个高知名度的_儿童 肥胖，甚至告诉奥兹博士，它代表了我们国家最大的安全威胁。空格中缺少词汇应该含有反对，反抗的意思，纵观四个选项，只有B against 符合题意。【参考译文】人并不一定越瘦越好。一系列的调查研究证实，比起肥胖的人，体型中等者患某些疾病的风险更高。有的时候，体重甚至会成为防止某些疾病的保护伞。例如，胖一点的女性缺钙的可能性比瘦点的女生要小。另外，在年长的人当中，体型肥胖的人往往被认为拥有健康的身体。其实肥胖本身就是一个非常难界定的概念。人们通常用身体质量指数BMI来判断一个人肥胖与否。BMI的计算方法是用体重除以身高的平方。BMI指数在18到25之间的成年人往往被看做体重适中；25到30之间为超重；超过30则视为肥胖。肥胖，又可以被进一步分为中度肥胖、重度肥胖和严重肥胖。这些指标看起来很直观，其实不然。肥胖不仅仅关乎体重，还关乎体内的脂肪含量。有些BMI指数很高的人实际上非常健壮，而有些BMI指数低的人身体状况并不见得就很好。例如，许多大学足球运动员和专业足球运动员的BMI指数可能很高，但他们体内的脂肪含量实际上很低。相反地，一些骨架小的人可能BMI指数很低，但体内脂肪含量却很高。如今，人们总是有意无意地将肥胖看成是一种羞耻。超重的人出现在电视画面中的时候脸部往往被遮盖起来。一提到肥胖，人们就会想到懒惰、缺乏意志力、与成功无缘等负面标签。老师、雇主以及医生往往都对肥胖者表现出偏见。甚至连小孩子们都会看不起那些超重的小伙伴，学校里经常出现欺负大块头小孩的事情。人们往往出于健康方面的原因而产生对肥胖的偏见，一系列的抵制肥胖运动应运而生。我所在的医院系统就禁止在医院各个大楼里销售含糖分的饮料。许多的雇主也积极开展减肥和健身项目。米歇尔奥巴马倡导了一项抵制儿童肥胖的活动，取得了引人瞩目的成果，米歇尔甚至称肥胖是美国面临的最大威胁。Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1What would you do with 590m? This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found for tune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly what was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say MsDumn and Mr Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time-as stories or memories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most "happiness bang for your buck." It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it).Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason MacDonalds restricts the availability of its popular McRib - a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.Readers of “HappyMoney” are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfillment, not hunger.Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.21. According to Dumn and Norton,which of the following is the most rewarding purchase?AA big houseBA special tourCA stylish carDA rich meal【答案】B A special tour【解析】细节题。答案定位在第二段的"it is far better to spend money on experienceslike interesting trips"，意思是"花钱消费在经历方面更好，比如说有趣的旅行"，由此可以得知答案是B选项"一场特别的旅行"。22. The authors attitude toward Americans watching TV isAcriticalBsupportiveCsympatheticDambiguous【答案】A critical【解析】观点态度题。答案定位在第三段的"something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it"，意思是"普通美国人一年花两个月的时间看电视，并且看电视几乎不可能更愉快"，因此可以得知作者对于看电视的态度是A选项"批判的"。23. Macrib is mentioned in paragraph 3 to show thatAconsumers are sometimes irrationalBpopularity usually comes after qualityCmarketing tricks are after effectiveDrarity generally increases pleasure【答案】D rarity generally increases pleasure【解析】观点例证题。答案定位在第三段，文章中提到Mc Rib这个例子，用这个例子证明的论点是"luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly"，大意是"有节制地消费奢侈品最令人愉悦"，D选项正是这句论点句的同义替换。24. According to the last paragraph,Happy MoneyAhas left much room for readerscriticismBmay prove to be a worthwhile purchaseChas predicted a wider income gap in the usDmay give its readers a sense of achievement【答案】B may prove to be a worthwhile purchase【解析】细节题。答案定位在最后一段的最后一句"most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent"，大意是"大多数人看完这本书后，认为物有所值"，因此可以推知B选项是正确答案。25. This text mainly discusses how toAbalance feeling good and spending moneyBspend large sums of money won in lotteriesCobtain lasting satisfaction from money spentDbecome more reasonable in spending on luxuries【答案】C obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent【解析】主旨题。A选项意误选。原文是the link between feeling good and spending money on others，去掉了后两个单词，意思已经完全改变。B选项以偏概全。D选项是获得满足感的途径，不能概括全文中心思想。Text 2An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical research says that, actually, you think youre more beautiful than you are. We have a deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of self-enhancing strategies to research into what the call the “above average effect”, or “illusory superiority”, and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with othersall obviously statistical impossibilities.We rose tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirming situations. We become defensive when criticized, and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem, we stalk around thinking were hot stuff.Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key studying into self-enhancement and attractiveness. Rather that have people simply rate their beauty compress with others, he asked them to identify an original photogragh of themselves from a lineup including versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive. Visual recognition, reads the study, is “an automatic psychological process occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation”. If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image- which must did- they genuinely believed it was really how they looked. Epley found no significant gender difference in responses. Nor was there any evidence that, those who self-enhance the must (that is, the participants who thought the most positively doctored picture were real) were doing so to make up for profound insecurities. In fact those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showed other makers for having higher self-esteem. “I dont think the findings that we having have are any evidence of personal delusion”, says Epley. “Its a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselves. If you are depressed, you wont be self-enhancing. Knowing the results of Epley s study,it makes sense that why people heat photographs of themselves Viscerally-on one level, they dont even recognise the person in the picture as themselves, Facebook therefore ,is a self-enhancers paradise,where people can share only the most flattering photos, the cream of their wit ,style ,beauty, intellect and lifestyle its not that peoples profiles are dishonest,sayscatalinatoma of WisconMadison university ,”but they portray an idealized version of themselves.26. According to the first paragraph, social psychologist have found that _.A our self-ratings are unrealistically highB illusory superiority is baseless effectC our need for leadership is unnaturalD self-enhancing strategies are ineffective【答案】A our self-ratings are unrealistically high【解析】题目问 "根据第一段，社会心理学家发现了什么?"对应于文章第一 段第三句"社会心理学家对所谓的高于均数效应或者虚幻的优越感进行大量的研究，发现我们中70%的人认为自己的领导力在平均水平之上这些数 据明显都是不可能的。"由此可知，我们对自己评价过高。故答案为A our self-rating