2016年度12月英语四级选词填空精选题及其规范标准答案.doc

2016年12月英语四级选词填空真题及答案第一套PART Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select oneword for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Many men and women have long bought into the idea that there are“male”and“female”brains,believing that explains just about every difference between the sexes.A new study 26 that belief, questioning whether brains really can be distinguished by gender.In the study, Tel Aviv University researchers 27 for sex differences throughout the entire human brainAnd what did they find? Not much. Rather than offer evidence for 28 brains as “male” or“female”,research shows that brains fall into a wide range , with most people falling right in the middle.Daphna Joel ,who led the study, said her research found that while there are some genderbased 29 ,many different types of brain cant always be distinguished by gender.While the “average”male and“average”female brains were 30different, you couldnt tell it by looking at individual brain scans. Only a small 31of people had “all-male”or“all-female”characteristics.Larry Cahill, an American neuroscientist(神经科学家)，said the study is an important addition to a growing body of research questioning 32 beliefs about gender and brain function. But he cautioned against concluding from this study that all brains are the same, 33 of gender.“Theres a mountain of evidence 34 the importance of sex influences at all levels of brain function ,”he told The Seattle Times.If anything, he said, the study 35that gender plays a very important role in the brain“even when we are not clear exactly how.”Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Its our guilty pleasure: Watching TV is the most common everyday activity, after work and sleep, in many parts of the world. Americans view five hours of TV each day, and while we know that spending so much time sitting （36）can lead to obesity (肥胖症) and other diseases, researchers have now quantified just how（37） being a couch potato can be.In an analysis of data from eight large （38） published studies, a Harvard-led group reported in the Journal of the American Medical Association that for every two hours per day spent channel （39）, the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes(糖尿病) rose 20% over 8.5 years, the risk of heart disease increased 15% over a （40）, and the odds of dying prematurely （41） 13% during a seven-year follow-up. All of these （42） are linked to a lack of physical exercise. But compared with other sedentary(久坐的) activities, like knitting, viewing TV may be especially （43） at promoting unhealthy habits. For one, the sheer number of hours we pass watching TV dwarfs the time we spend on anything else. And other studies have found that watching ads for beer and popcorn may make you more likely to （44）them.Even so, the authors admit that they didnt compare different sedentary activities to （45） whether TV watching was linked to a greater risk of diabetes, heart disease or early death compared with, say, reading.A) climbed B) consume C) decade D) determine E) effective F) harmful G) outcomesH) passively I) previously J) resume K) suffered L) surfing M) term N) terminals O) twisting参考答案解析：36. passively 解析：sitting passively 被动坐着从词性判断，36题应该选一个副词来修饰sitting这个动名词，而备选项中只有两个副词，一个是passively被动地，一个是previously之前，再根据语义逻辑，坐着那看电视的行为应该是一种被动行为，而不存在前后之分。37. harmful 解析：quantified just how harmful being a couch potato 量化长时间看电视的严重危害通过分析how ( ) being a couch potato can be 这句话的句子成分，得出how 这个副词之后应该接一个形容词，符合词性条件的备选项，一个是effective 有效的，一个是harmful有害的。根据语义逻辑，长时间看电视是有害的，故选harmful。38. previously 解析： previously published studies 之前公布的研究38题空格处应该填一个副词来修饰published这个词，参考36题的解析，备选项中现在只剩下一个副词就是previously，刚好填入此处。39. surfing 解析：spent channel surfing ，直接翻译为在频道冲浪，意译为看电视。这里的channel频道指代television电视；而“surfing冲浪”指代“watching看”，我们经常看到上网常用surfing一词，这里运用了仿词，将“上网冲浪”的surfing借过来用来指“看电视“。以上可以理解为英语中的委婉表达。40. decade 解析：increased 15% over a decade 10年增加了15% 。40题后面出现了一个词并列连词and，说明本句存在并列关系。通读此句，40题在over之后应该填一个表示时间的名词，这样才能和前文over 8.5.years 与后文during a seven-year follow up 形成并列，备选项中只有decade符合条件。41. climbed 解析：the odds climbed 13% 几率增加了13% 。解析同40题，根据and所指向的并列关系，前文说某一种风险增加了20%，某一种风险的增加了15%，此处空格也应该填一个表示上升的动词，备选项只有climbed，爬升。42. outcomes 解析：all of these outcomes 所有这些后果。 此题填outcomes，是对前文各种疾病风险的概括。43. effective 解析：be especially effective at promoting unhealthy habits 更容易形成不健康的习惯。be effective at doing 有效做某事。这里是讽刺用法，用来强调看电视更容易形成不健康的习惯。44. consume 解析：make you more likely to consume them 使你更有可能吃他们，这里注意them指前文出现的beer啤酒和popcorn爆米花，又能表示喝啤酒，又能表示吃爆米花的词只有consume。consume消费，也只吃喝（东西）。45. determine 解析：通过句法分析，本句应该填写动词原形，放在to 不定式符号之后。备选项中有3个动词原形，其中consume已经填在了44题，在剩下的resume恢复和determine决定之间，根据语义，应选择determine。Reading is thought to be a kind of conversation between the reader and the text. The reader puts questions, as it were, to the text and gets answers. In the light of these he puts _1_ questions, and so on.For most of the time this “conversation” goes on below the level of consciousness. At times, however, we become _2_ of it. This is usually when we are running into difficulties, when mismatch is occurring between _3_ and meaning. When successful matching is being experienced, our question of the text continues at the unconscious level.Different people _4_ with the text differently. Some stay very close to the words on the page, others take off imaginatively from the words, interpreting, criticizing, analyzing and examining. The former represents a kind of comprehension which is _5_ in the text. The latter represents _6_ levels of comprehension. The balance between these is important, especially for advanced readers.There is another conversation which from our point of view is _7_ important, and that is to do not with what is read but with how it is read. We call this a “process” conversation as _8_ to a “content” conversation. It is concerned not with meaning but with the _9_ we employ in reading. If we are an advanced reader our ability to hold a process conversation with a text is usually pretty well _10_. Not so our ability to hold a content conversation.A opposedB converseC equallyD writtenE developedF strategiesG comparedH awakeI higherJ expectationsK dealL absolutelyM awareN betterOfurther参考答案：1. O2. M3. J4. B5. D6. I7. C8. A9. F10.EDirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The method for making beer has changed over time. Hops (啤酒花), for example, which give many a modern beer its bitter flavor, are a 26 recent addition to the beverage. This was mentioned in reference to brewing in the ninth century. Now, researchers have found a 27 ingredient in residue (残留物) from 5000-year-old beer brewing equipment. While excavating two pits at a site in the central plains of China, scientists discovered fragments from pots and ve_ . The different shapes of the containers 28they were used to brew, filter, and store beer. They may be ancient “beer-making tools,” and the earliest 29evidence of beer brewing in China, the researchers reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. To 30that hypothesis, the team examined the yellowish, dried 31 inside the vessels. The majority of the grains, about 80%, were from cereal crops like barley (大麦), and about 10% were bits of roots, 32 lily, would have made the beer sweeter, the scientists say. Barley was an unexpected find: the crop was domesticated in Western Eurasia and didnt become a 33food in central China until about 2000 years ago, according to the researchers. Based on that timing, they indicate barley may have 34in the region not as food, but as35material for beer brewing.