【创新设计】2015高考英语（江苏专用）大二轮总复习课件完形填空专题：专题一完形填空高分三原则.ppt

记叙文型完形填空的特点与解题策略1记叙文型完形填空可分为记事和记人两种形式，记叙时间、地点、人物和事件等，文章长度在300词左右，阅读用时约需18分钟。2文章首句一般不设空，以情景意义考查为主，淡化对语法的考查，4个选项词类相同，设空以实词为主，即动词、名词、形容词、副词为主，虚词为辅，即介词、连词，代词为辅，几乎不涉及情态动词与冠词。3考生在做完形填空题时，除了掌握必要的词汇、语法、习惯搭配、文化常识等基础知识外，平时积累好的解题方法以及良好的做题习惯很重要。4重视首尾句，把握开篇，速读全文，掌握大意；理清人物事件，把握作者态度；理顺事件的发生、发展和结局。 破解完形填空三原则一、上览下索细寻信息完形填空的设题特点就是在对上下语境的理解基础上设题考查学生的语言运用能力，因此答案信息点有的在设空前，有的在设空后，有的在前文，有的在后文，甚至前后都出现，故需综合地上览下索来印证信息点，有时，甚至要根据上下文提供的信息，结合常识，进行适当的逻辑推理，才可以得出正确答案。总之，不管题目难易，都一定在上下文中找到线索与答案。【典例1】上下文语境的信息寻找Michael Greenberg is a very popular New Yorker.He is not famous in sports or the arts.But people in the streets_16_him，especially those who are_17_.For those people，he is“Gloves”Greenberg.How did he get that_18_？ He looks like any other businessman，wearing a suit and carrying a briefcase(公文箱)But hes _19_.His briefcase always has some gloves.(2013课标)16A.know about Blearn from Ccheer for Dlook after17A.old Bbusy Ckind Dpoor18A.job Bname Cchance Dmessage19A.calm Bdifferent Ccrazy Dcurious解析根据上下文可知，每当冬季来临，Michael Greenberg都会走上街头，为穷人送上温暖的手套。故第16小题可以推断出街上的人都认识他，还送给外号“Gloves”。故选A项。第17小题根据下文信息“many poor New Yorkers know him”以及“with cold hands”可知第17小题选D项。第18小题根据上文“he is Gloves Greenkerg”，that name指“Gloves”，人们对他的昵称。故选B项。第19小题，连词but提示上下文之间为转折关系，Greenberg和上文提及的其他商人有所不同，故选B项。【典例2】上下文段的语境理解The Mullers soon realised that food and clothing werent _42_(enough)“What these people also need is warmth and _43_，”says Rita.The Mullers didnt _44_(hesitate) to give their phone number to the street people and told them to phone anytime.Kurt and Rita receive no _52_for their hard work.“We feel like parents，”says Rita，“and parents shouldnt _53_(expect) money for helping their children.The love we get on the streets is our salary.”42A.enough Bnecessary Chelpful Dexpensive43A.fame Bfreedom Ccourage Dcaring44A.hesitate Bagree Cpretend Dintend52A.permission Bpayment Cdirection Dsupport53A.borrow Braise Csave Dexpect解析根据下文The love we get on the streets is our salary.(我们在街道上获得的爱就是我们的薪水)可知，第43题“无家可归”的人应该得到的是“关爱”(caring)，而不是“名声”(fame) 、“自由”(freedom)或“勇气”(courage)，故第43题应选D项。他们帮助无家可归的人不求回报，根据上下文的理解，所以第52题应选B项。二、左顾右盼找寻搭配做题时，不能仅盯住空格，或空格所在的一个句子上，一定要左顾右盼，弄清前后的习惯搭配或句式结构。【典例1】词语的固定搭配.I was growing up in Kuala Lumpur in the early 1960s，when children from different races and religions played and studied together in harmony.At that time my family lived a stones _40_from Ismails.40A.dropBthrow CmoveDroll解析a stones throw表示“非常靠近”，是固定短语。句意：在那时我家住得离Ismail家很近。故选B项。【典例2】词语的习惯搭配.Lola is_19_of all her hard work and success.She says its helped her overcome problems in her life outside gymnastics too.Her advice for others is“just believe in yourself.”.(2013北京)19A.proudBtired Cashamed Dconfident解析第19小题Lola对她的努力和成功感到自豪。be proud of“以为骄傲、自豪”为习惯搭配。故选A项。【典例3】句式的搭配.The most valuable lesson I gained from studying in France wasnt just to respect the French people _19_to respect all people，for your next best friend could be just a continent away.(2013浙江)19A.andBbut CorDso解析not just.but.“不仅仅是而是”为固定搭配。句意：我在法国学习期间学到的最有价值的不仅仅是尊重法国人，而是尊重所有的人。故选B项。(1)当选项中的词表示相近的含义时，就要考虑从搭配的角度解题。要特别注意空格所在句子的主语，空格前后出现的名词、介词、形容词、副词、不定式、双宾语等，快速排除不能搭配的选项。(2)有些固定搭配的构成形式相近，但含义不同，为了强化记忆，可以以名词、动词或介词等为中心词进行比较。如 将 结 构 相 似 的 短 语 联 系 起 来 记 忆 ， i n a minute/sense/word/hurry(立即/在某种意义上/总之/匆忙)。三、思前顾后通读全文 【典例】Mr.Greenberg_29_doing this 21 years ago.Now，many poor New Yorkers know him and _30_his behavior.But people who dont know him are sometimes _31_him.They dont realize that he just wants to make them_32_.(2013课标)29A.delayed Bremembered Cbegan Denjoyed30A.understand Bdislike Cstudy Dexcuse31A.sorry for Bsatisfied with Cproud of Dsurprised by32A.smart Brich Cspecial Dhappy解析第29小题，根据上下文Greenberg先生在21年前就开始做这件事了，故选C项；有的考生可能误选D项“喜欢”做，通读全文后，作者只是想表达21年前“开始”做，而不是“喜欢”做。第30小题也是通读全文后可知人们“理解”他的行为，选择A项。故第31小题选D项；第32小题也是通读全文后可知Greenberg的伟大之处，选D项。(2014北京)The Fittingin of Suzy KhanThe first time I saw Suzy Khan，I knew I had to help her.She was really small for her age of 12.The boys in my class often _1_ about her and laughed their heads off.She would open a book，pretending to read，with tears dropping on the open page.All I knew was that she was an orphan (孤儿) from Africa.She had just been adopted by a family in town who _2_ that the best way for her to learn American ways of life was to be with American kids.I looked down at this _3_ girl and promised myself that somehow I would help her.But how could I help her _4_ in with us？There had to be a _5_.One day，when I went into the classroom，I saw that Suzy had _6_ her geography book to a picture of a train，and in her notebook，she had made a(n) _7_ copy.I was surprised and thought that she could do something in the coming _8_ show.So，I took her to see the art teacher，Miss Parker，and showed her what Suzy had _9_.“Why，its wonderful，”said Miss Parker，who then showed us a poster she had painted _10_ the talent show.“I need more of these，but I just dont have enough _11_.Could you help me，Suzy？”On the day of the talent show，Suzys _12_ were everywhereall over the hall and all over the school，each one different.“And finally，”said Mr.Brown，the schoolmaster，at the end of the show，“we have a (n) _13_ award.Im sure youve all noticed the wonderful posters.”Everyone nodded.“One of our own students _14_ them.”I could hear everyone whispering.“Who in our school could draw _15_ well？”Mr.Brown waited a while before saying，“ _16_ this student worked so hard on the posters，she deserves a _17_，too.Our mystery(神秘) artist is our new studentSuzy Khan！”Mr.Brown thanked her for all the wonderful posters and gave her a professional artists set.“Thank you，”she cried.I _18_，at that time when I was looking at her excited face，shed probably never _19_ anything in her whole life.Everyone started to _20_ their hands.Suzy Khan gave them a shy smile and the applause was deafening.I knew then Suzy was going to be all right.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了一位新生Suzy Khan刚开始入学时不适应，被班里的同学嘲笑，后来在老师的帮助下，通过自己独立给学校的达人秀画海报而受到校长、老师和同学们称赞的故事。1A.jokedBcared Cforgot Dworried解析考查动词辨析。大家都嘲笑她laughed their heads off，可知其他同学对她并不友好，班里的男孩子应该是常开她的玩笑，因此选A，开玩笑。care意为“关心”；forget意为“忘记”；worry意为“担心”。答案A2A.reported BdecidedCcomplainedDquestioned解析考查动词辨析。Suzy 被镇上的一个家庭收养，她的养父母应是“决定”：对于Suzy来说，学会美国生活方式的最好的方法就是和美国孩子待在一起。report意为“报告”；complain意为“抱怨”；question意为“质问，疑问”。答案B3A.rich Bproud CtinyDpopular解析考查形容词辨析，上下文信息题目。由第一段“She was really small for her age of 12”中的small可以看出Suzy的相貌不符合她12岁的年龄，太显小了。small一词给此处提供了答案信息，因此选择C.tiny小的。rich意为“富有的”；proud意为“骄傲的，自豪的”；popular意为“受欢迎的”。答案C4A.come Bfall Cfit Dtie解析考查动词辨析。结合句意以及标题可以看出现在作者在思考如何帮助Suzy适应新生活，fit in with sb和某人相处融洽；适应。因此选C项。come意为“来到”；fall意为“掉落”；tie意为“系”。答案C5A.manner Bpattern CchoiceDway解析考查名词辨析。结合句意：我怎么样才能帮助她适应呢？总会有一个方法的。因此D项way正确。manner意为“礼仪；方式”；pattern意为“图案”；choice意为“选择”。答案D6A.read Btaken CopenedDput解析考查动词辨析。由空后to a picture of a train可以看出此处应该是打开课本，翻到书上的一幅火车图片并在练习本上临摹这幅画，因此选择C选项。read意为“阅读”；take意为“带走”；put意为“放”。答案C7A.free Bperfect CfinalDextra解析考查形容词辨析。由空后作者惊讶的态度I was surprised.来看，Suzy所画的东西应该是很逼真，结合句意，因此选B项。free意为“自由的，免费的”；final意为“最后的”；extra意为“额外的”。答案B8A.art Btalk Cquiz Dtalent解析考查上下文信息。由10空后面的the talent show，看出D项正确。art意为“艺术”；talk意为“谈话”；quiz意为“测验”。答案D9A.colored Bwritten CcarvedDdrawn解析考查动词辨析。作者给Miss Parker看的应该是Suzy所画的东西，因此选D。color意为“上色，涂色”；write意为“写”；carve意为“雕刻”。答案D10A.at Bafter Cfor Daround解析考查介词辨析。结合句意，Miss Parker此时展示的是她为这次达人秀所画的海报，for the talent show。at意为“在”；after意为“在之后”；around意为“在周围”。答案C11A.room Btime Cpaper Dinterest解析考查名词辨析。从空后来看，Miss Parker此时向Suzy求助帮忙画海报，此空应是没有足够“时间”画才向Suzy求助，因此选B项。room意为“房间，空间”；paper意为“纸”；interest意为“兴趣”。答案B12A.gifts Bbooks CphotosDposters解析考查上下文信息。根据下文信息，13空后面的Im sure youve all noticed the wonderful posters，应是Suzy所画的海报能够在各处看到，因此选D项。gift意为“礼物”；book意为“书”；photo意为“照片”。答案D13A.special Bacademic CnationalDroyal解析考查形容词辨析。结合句意，此时校长Mr.Brown应是想要给Suzy嘉奖，而这个奖应是一个“特殊的”荣誉，因此选A项。academic意为“学院的，学术的”；national意为“国家的”；royal意为“皇家的”。答案A14A.painted Bfound CprintedDcollected解析考查动词辨析。结合句意，them指代海报，我们自己的一位学生画了海报。因此选A。find意为“找到”；print意为“打印”；collect意为“收集”。答案A15A.very Bthat CquiteDtoo解析考查副词辨析。结合句意，此处学生们好奇谁能够画的那么好，thatso意为“那么”，因此选 B，very意为“非常”；quite意为“十分”；too意为“太”。答案B16A.IfBThough CUnlessDSince解析考查连词。结合句意，既然Suzy在海报上花了很大功夫，她应该受到嘉奖。因此选D。if意为“如果”；though意为“尽管，虽然”；unless意为“除非，如果不”。答案D17A.prize Brank Crest Dplace解析考查名词辨析。结合句意，deserve a prize应受嘉奖，因此选A。rank意为“排名”；rest意为“休息”；place意为“地方”。答案A18A.replied Brealized Cremembered Dregretted解析考查动词辨析。结合句意，当我看到她兴奋的脸时，我意识到，Suzy也许一生中从未拥有过这样的时刻。因此选 B。reply意为“回复”；remember意为“记得”；regret意为“后悔，遗憾”。答案B19A.offered Bvalued CownedDcontrolled解析考查动词辨析。结合句意，对于Suzy来说，她应是从未拥有过这些，因此选C。offer意为“主动提供”；value意为“珍惜”；control意为“控制”。答案C20A.clap Bwave Craise Dshake解析考查动词辨析。结合句意，此处其他学生开始为Suzy鼓掌，从空后applause能够看出此处应为clap，因此选A。wave意为“挥舞”；raise意为“举起”；shake意为“摇晃；颤抖”。答案A点击此处进入点击此处进入