2022年最好最全名词性从句导学案 .pdf

学习必备欢迎下载名词性从句（ noun clauses ）教学目标：掌握名词性从句的四大类型以及它们的用法，并能判断出练习中的句子属于什么从句类型，会做一些简单的练习。教学重点：1. 主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句，让学生能快速判断出一个句子属于什么类型的从句。2. 注意宾语从句的时态呼应。教学难点：1. that 什么情况下可以省略，什么情况下不可以省略。2. whether 和 if 什么时候可以互换，什么时候不可以互换。3. 如何区分同位语从句与定语从句。教学过程：Leadin: exercises 1._ the baby could speak made his parents very happy. A. That B. What C. Why D. If 2. I wonder _ you will go shopping or stay at home. A. that B. if C. whether D. what 3. This is _ he was often late for school. A. what B. that C. why D. whether 4. We all know the truth _ the earth _ around the sun. A. if; moved B. that; moves C. why; move D. whether; move 完成以上四个题目，并分别指出它们是什么从句，从而导出名词性从句的学习。一名词性从句的概念：一个句子在 连接词 的引导下，在句子中起名词作用 的句子叫名词性从句。二名词性从句的功能：相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。His job is important. ( 主语 ) What he does is important. ( 主语从句 ) This is his job. ( 表语 ) This is what he does every day. (表语从句 ) I don t like his job. ( 宾语 ) I don t like what he does every day. ( 宾语从句 ) I don t know about the man, Mr. White. ( 同位语 ) I don t know about the fact that he is a teacher. (同位语从句 ) 得出结论 ：因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分为四类，即：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。三引导名词性从句的连接词：1、连接代词：who, whoever, whose, whom, whomever, what, which 。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。I dont believe _ he has achieved so far. _ breaks the law should be punished. 2、连接副词：when, where, why, how 。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。_ we will hand in the project will be discussed later. Parents are thought to understand _ important education is to their children s future. The reason _ he was absent was that he was ill. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 29 页学习必备欢迎下载3、连接词： that, whether, if, as if, as though。that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略； if (whether), as if 虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。I dont care about _ you have money or not. The problem is _ Tom is able to arrive on time. _ the meeting will be held here is not decided yet. It looks _ it is going to rain. The truth is _he didn t come for the concert. _ the earth is round is true. 四名词性从句的类型：1. 主语从句：在复合句中作主句的主语。连接词有that, whether; who, what ,which; when ,where, how, why 等。如:_ he is a famous singer is known to us. _ he will go to America is not yet fixed. _ she s coming or not doesn t matter too much. _ broke the glass yesterday is not clear. 注意：1. 为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻, 经常用 it 作形式主语 , 主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。记住以下it 作形式主语的句型：It s likely / possible / important / necessary / clear that很可能/ 重要的是 / 必要的是 / 很清楚 It s said / reported that据说 /据报道 It seems / appears / happens that 显然、明显、碰巧It s been announced / declared that已经通知 /宣布 It s no wonder that并不奇怪 /无疑 It s a pity/a fact /a common knowledge ( 众所周知） / a common saying（俗话说） thatIt worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. A. while B. that C. if D. for It remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time. A. how B. that C. when D. what It is known to us _ where there is pollution, there is harm. A. which B. where C. what D. that 2.单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用句单数形式；如果是两个或两个以上的主语作主语，谓语动词则视情况而定。When and where he was born hasn t been found. When he was born and where he was born haven t been found. When and why the person was murdered is still unknown. When the person was murdered and why he was murdered are still unknown. Exercises: ._ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever _I can pay back the help that people give me makes me very happy. A. Where B. What C. That D. How It s not clear _ was responsible for the accident. A. Who B. What C. How D. That _ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 29 页学习必备欢迎下载A. What is required B. What requires C. It is required D. It requires 2. 表语从句： 在复合句中作主句的表语。引导词有连词that , whether, as if, as though; who, what, which, whose; when, where, how, why, because 等。如 :The problem is _ we didn t get in touch with him. This is _ Henry solved the problem. His suggestion is _ we (should) finish the work at once. It looked _ it was going to rain. The reason _ we didnt trust him is _ he has often lied 注意 ：1. 如果句子的主语是suggestion, advice, order, demand, proposal 等名词时 ,后面引导的 表语从句用 should+动词原形 ,should可省略 。他的建议是我们应该马上完成工作. His suggestion is that we (should) finish the work at once. 2. The reason why .is that 的理由是， 的原因是 The reason _ he was late again was _ he was caught in the traffic jam. The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed. A .why; why B. why; because C. why ; that D. that; because 3. It is because 这是因为 Exercises: This is _ she was born. A. where B. which C. that D. what The question is _ we can t go there today. A. that B. what C. which D. when The reason he has made such great progress is _ he has never wasted his time. A. because B. why C. that D. what My advice is that he _ school by bike. A. go to B. would go to C. goes to D. went to _ she couldn t understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that Energy is _ makes things work. A. what B. everything C. something D. anything3.宾语从句： 在复合句中作主句的宾语。引导词有连词that , whether, if; who, whom, whose, what ,which; when ,where, how, why 等。 在谓语动词、介词、动词不定式、分词、动名词之后都可以带有宾语从句。某些形容词如sure, happy, glad, certain, pleased 等之后也可以带有宾语从句。如:(1) V + 宾语从句，即“动宾”：We believe that he is honest. I asked if they had a cheap suit. Can you tell me which dictionary is hers? I really don t know what he is doing. I just don t understand_ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect. A .why it does B. what it does C. what it is D. why it is - Don t y ou believe me? - _, I will believe _ you say. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 29 页学习必备欢迎下载A. No; whatever B. Yes; no matter what C. No; no matter what D. Yes; whatever “ What did your parents think about your decision?” “ They always let me do _ I think I should.” A. when B. that C. how D. what (2) prep + 宾语从句，即“介宾”：He s pleased with what we did yesterday. Pay attention to what the teacher said. I wish to have a friend with _ shares my hobbies and interests. A. whomever B. no matter who C. whoever D. anyone Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game. A. why B. what C. who D. that It was a matter of _ would take the position. A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever (3) adj + 宾语从句，即“形宾”：that 引导的名词性从句还可以用在一些形容词后面。这种句型一般都用人作主语，所用的形容词都是表示思想状况或感情色彩的形容词，如certain, sure, positive, afraid, convinced, anxious, disappointed, worried, glad, happy, sorry, amazed, surprised, aware, doubtful, confident 等等。I am sure/certain that he s at home now. 我肯定他现在在家。He became angry that you made the same mistake.你犯了同样的错误，他生气了。He remains confident that he will win. 他仍然自信他会赢。She is aware that I cant help her. 她知道我帮不了她的忙。I am glad that you ve come. 你来了我很高兴。He appeared/seemed surprised that I said “no”. 我说不，他似乎很吃惊。I am afraid that I can t promise you anything. 恐怕我不能向你保证什么。We were rather disappointed that you were not able to come yesterday. 昨天你没能来我们有点失望。I am a bit worried that she will not be able to make it.我有点担心她做不成这件事情。I m sure that my brother will love the jacket. / I am glad that you can come and help me. 不能误将 ” It + be + adj + that ”的主语从句当成宾语从句. 如： It is necessary that we should learn English well. Exercises: I asked her _ she had a bike. _ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. Were worried about _ he is safe. I dont know _ he is well or not. I dont know _ or not he is well. The question is _ he should do it. The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon. (2) 如果宾语从句是由that 引导， and 或 but 连接的两个或两个以上的并列的宾语从句, 那么只有 第一个 that 可以省略，第二个或第二个以后的that 不能省略 . He said ( that ) the text was very difficult and that we had to work hard at it. My deskmate told me (that ) he watched a football match last night, but that it was very discouraging. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 29 页学习必备欢迎下载如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，就用it 作形式宾语，将宾语从句后置，并且 that 不可以省略 .He has made it clear that he will win the game. I find it necessary that we should learn English well. We find it necessary that we practice spoken English every day. (3) 表示“建议，命令，要求”的宾语从句，如advise, suggest, order, request, require, demand 等，从句用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形 ,should可省略 。(4) 在“ 主语 + believe/think/suppose/know/expect ” 的结构中，其否定形式要用否定转移，即主句否定，从句肯定。I don t think he will come. I don t think I ll trouble you again. I don t expect that they will get married soon. (5) 宾语从句的时态呼应：a. 如果主句时态是一般现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态. 他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的. He believes _ . b .请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么. Please tell me _. b. 如果主句谓语是一般过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的某种时态,但如果从句表达的是客观事实 、真理 、 自然规律 等时，从句谓语通常用一般现在时。他告诉我他正在为考试做准备. He told me _. 他说他已离开家乡十年了。He told me _. 老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的. The teacher told us _. Exercises: Do you see _ I mean? A. that B./ C. how D. what Tell me_ is on your mind. A. that B. what C. which D. why We must stick to _ we have agreed on. A. what B. that C. / D. how Let me see _. A. that can I repair the radio B. whether I can repair the radio C. I can repair the radio D. whether can I repair the radio Keep in mind _. A. that the teacher said B. what did the teacher say C. that did the teacher say D. what the teacher said 4. 同位语从句： 在复合句中起同位语的作用。一般放在名词idea ； belief ； fact ； truth ；problem ； news, information; hope; thought; promise 等之后 , 用以说明或解释前面的名词。常用that, whether, who, whom, when, where, why, how, which等引导 (whose 和 which 不引导同位语从句 ) We all know the truth _ the earth goes round the sun. A. that B. which C. what D. whether We heard the news _ our team had won. A. which B. that C. what D. where The problem _ it is right or wrong has not yet been decided. A. which B. that C. whether D. if They expressed the hope _they would come over to China. A. which B. that C. whom D. when 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 29 页学习必备欢迎下载The fact_he didn t see Tom yesterday is true. A. that B. which C. when D. what 注意：1. 名词suggestion, advice, order 等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形 , should 可省略。a. The suggestion that he _ at the meeting was agreed to by most people. A. was put forward B. put forward C. should look forward D. looked forward b. The suggestion that we _ to picnic on Sunday was agreed to by most people. A went B. would go C. go D. were allowed to go 2. 同位语从句有时没有紧跟在名词后面，而是被别的词分开，称为隔裂式同位语从句。He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. Word came that Tom would go abroad. The question came up at the meeting _we had enough money for our research. A. that B. what C. which D. whether There s a feeling in me _we ll never know what a UFO is-not ever. A. that B. which C. of which D. what It remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time. A. how B. that C. when D. what Danby left word with my secretary _ he would call again in the afternoon. A. who B. that C. as D. which 3. 如何判断同位语从句和定语从句? a. 定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that 不但起连接作用，而且在定语从句中充当一个成分，充当宾语成分时可省略。b. 同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明，表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的that 在同位语从句中不做任何成分，只起连接作用, 无具体含义 ,且不可省略 . 五名词性从句的考点归纳：1. 名词性从句的语序：a. That + 陈述句： That light travels in straight lines is known to all. - I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball. - _ it made me nearly mad. A. That he broke B. What he broke C. He broke D. His break b. 疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述语序，不能用一般疑问句语序, 即“疑问词 +句子的剩余成分” 。I don t know when he will go to Nanjing . / This is what we are looking for. a. How was he successful is still a puzzle. ( ) How he was successful is still a puzzle. ( ) b. Could you tell me where he lives? ( ) Could you tell me where does he live? ( ) 2. 表示 “建议，命令，要求”的名词性从句， 如(suggest)suggestion, (advise)advice, order, request, demand 等，要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形 , should 可省略。3. that 可省略的情况：单个宾语从句中的that 可省略that 不可省略的情况：主语从句表语从句同位语从句用 it 做形式宾语的宾语从句精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 29 页学习必备欢迎下载并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的引导词 that 不能省略I don t think _ she is coming. It is a pity _ he has made such a mistake. The reason is _ he is careless . The news _ our team won the match inspired us. I don t think it necessary _ you should read English aloud. He told me _ his father had died and _ he had to make a living alone. 4. 关于 whether 与 if 的使用：What the doctor is uncertain about is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. A. when B. how C. whether D. why Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and _ it is rough or smooth. A. 不填B. whether C. how D. what The question is _the film is worth seeing. A. if B. what C. whether D. how _ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain. A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if Exercise: 我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。_ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided. 我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。I don t know _ broke the glass yesterday. 我不知道他长的什么样子。I have no idea _ he looks like. 这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。This is _ I left my glasses. 名词性从句易混知识归纳名词性从句易混点归纳名词性从句在英语学习过程中占据极其重要的位置，同学们经常为一些易混点所困扰，现总结名词性从句的易混点如下：我主要从whether 与 if、 that 在名词性从句中是否省略、同位语从句与定语从句的区别、reason后面的名词性从句、what 引导的一种独特的名词性从句、check、 make sure 后面的宾语从句、what、whatever、who、whoever 等引导的名词性从句几个方面进行说明、讲解，当然还有其他方面的易混点知识，这里就不进行一一叙述了。易混点一whether 与 if 二者都可以作“是否”讲，能引导名词性从句，都不能省略。1.在及物动词后引导宾语从句时可以互换；注意：在某些动词后（如:discuss）只能接 whether，不能跟 if 。如：We discussed whether we should close the shop. 2.引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时都用whether，不用 if。如：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 29 页学习必备欢迎下载The question whether he should come himself or send another man hasn t been decided. Whether he will win is all the same to me. The question is whether you can go there yourself. 如果用形式主语，if 和 whether 都可以It is unknown whetherif she is ill. 3.如果 whether 后紧跟 or not，不用换做if ；若 whether 与 or not 分开使用，则可以换作if 。如：I wonder whether or not he has arrived at the destination. I don t know whetherif I can come or not. 4.若宾语从句为否定结构，则多用if，而不用whether。如：I don t care if he doesn t show up.（在乎，炫耀）5.在介词后引导宾语从句或与带to 的动词不定式结合而构成不定式的复合结构时，只能用whether，而不用if 。如：I haven t settled the question of whether I will go back home. She doesn t know whether to get married now or wait. 易混点二that 在名词性从句是否省略that 用来引导宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句这四类名词性从句。在句子中that 有时可以省略，有时不省略，有时两者皆可。1.宾语从句中的that 在口语中常省略，但在下列情况中，that 应当保留。（1）当主、从句之间有时间等状语时，that 不能省略，否则会产生歧义。He said last night that he did some reading. He said last night he did some reading. 其含义有两个：他昨晚说他看了点儿书。或他说他昨晚看了点儿书。（2）主、从句之间有插入语时同样不可省去that。如：I don t doubt，in any case， that we will win the match. （无论如何，我都不怀疑我们会赢那场比赛） 。（3）引导两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，第二个或第二个以上的宾语从句中的that 则不易省略。如：She said Lesson 82 was very important and that she should learn it well. （若省略，后一从句则可能与上句she said并列）Everybody could see what was happening and that poor Rose was really frightened. （并列宾语从句。省去that，则变为并列句。 ）（3）如果宾语从句中含有主从复合句，that 一般不宜省略。如：They promised me that if I worked hard from then on，they would buy me a computer. （4）宾语从句提前时，that 一般不省略。如：That Bob was really frightened ，I can t believe. （5）简短回答中的宾语从句，that 不宜省略。如：What do you assume from his attitude ？（你从他的态度中猜测到什么了？）That he was frightened. （6）当 it 作形式宾语代替that 引导的宾语从句时，一般保留that。如：I found it quite a surprise that everybody in that city has a car. 2.引导主语从句的that一般不可省略，但若用it 作形式主语，that 则可省略。That the earth moves around the sun is known to all. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 29