中考英语动词时态考点归纳与例析.docx
精品名师归纳总结中考英语动词时态考点归纳与例析【重点讲解】在汉语里不管什么时候发生的动作, 表示动作的动词的形式不变。 但在英语里不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态要用不同的动词形式来表示, 这种动词形式称为“时态”。英语共有 16 种时态,常用的有 8 种。1、一般现在时、现在进行时和现在完成时的用法。1) 一般现在时表示客观事实、普遍真理、习惯性和常常性的动作,以及现在的特点等。常与 often, always, usually, on Monday, every dayweek, month, year 等连用。假如主语是第三人称单数,行为动词要在原形后加-s 或-es。例如:I often go swimming in the river in summer.我夏天常常在河里游泳。She usually does her homework at 5:00 p.m. in the afternoon. 她常常在下午五点钟做作业。2) 现在进行时由 “ be is/am/are +现在分词 ”构成,表示说话时或现阶段正在进行和发生的动作。例如:- Look. What are they doing over there. 看!他们在那边干什么?- They are playing football. 他们在踢足球。3) 现在完成时由“ have/has +过去分词 ”构成,其用法主要有两种:一是强调发生在过去并在说话时已完成的动作对现在所造成的结果和影响。二是动作始于过去,现在仍连续,或许仍会连续下去。现在完成常常与for, since 引导的时可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结间段或点以及 so far, already, yet, in the past few weeks, befor等e如:时间状语连用。 例可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结I lost my ticket for the film. I haven t found it yet.我把电影票丢了 , 到现在仍没有找到。The Smiths have lived in Shenzhen for ten years. 斯密斯一家已经在深圳住了十年。2、一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时的用法。1) 一般过去时表示在过去某时发生的事情、 存在的状态或常常发生的动作。行为动词一般过去式的规章变化是在词尾加-ed/d。常用的时间状语有 yesterday, last night, just now, five days ago等以及由 after, before, when, while等。例如:Our family went to Shanghai five days ago. 五天前,我们一家去了上海。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结She turned off the light after she finished washing clothes.她在洗完衣服之后就关灯了。2) 过去进行时由 “ was/were +现在分词 ”构成,表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在发生的动作,常与 at that time, this time yesterday, at 8 yesterday morning, from 10 to 11 last night 以及 when, while 引导的时间状语从句等连用。例如:I was watching TV this time yesterday. 昨天这个时间我正在看电视。The boys were having lessons at that time.那个时间男孩们正在上课。3)过去完成时由“ had+过去分词 ”构成,表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作 , 即 “过去的过去 ”,句中常用 by the end of last week, before, when 等引导的时间状语。例如:The plane had taken off when he got to the airport.当他到达飞机场的时候, 飞机已经起飞了。We had learned many English songs by the end of last term.到上个学期末为止,我们已经学了许多的英语歌曲。4)过去将来时由“ would + 动词原形 ”或 “ was/were going to+ 动词原形 ” 构成 . 表示从过去的某时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态. 常与 the next morning, the following week 等时间状语连用 ,并多用在宾语从句中。例如:The teacher told us that we would have a maths test the following week.老师告知我们下周要考数学。She said she would go back to her hometown during the holiday.她说假期期间她将回到家乡。3、一般将来时的用法。一般将来时由 “will/shall + 动词原形 ”或 “ am/is/are going to 动+ 词原形 ”构成,表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态,常用的时间状语有tomorrow, this evening, next week, in three hours等。例如:There is going to be an English film tonight. 今晚有一场英语电影。Mum will be back in three days. 妈妈三天后回来。【中考链接】1. - Is Cindy at home.- No, shethe library. Shethere a moment ago.A. has gone to, wentB. has gone to, has been可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结C. has been to, wentD. has been to, has gone答案: A 。【解析】 依据答句开头的“ No”可知 Cindy 不在家已经去图书馆了。所以第一空用 has gone。其次空填 went,表示刚才 “去的”。2. When your mother you that blue dres,s Mary ? Sorry, I realy canrtemember.A. does。 buyB.has。bought C.had。boughtD.did 。 buy答案: D。【解析】从问句和选项所供应的信息,可知问句的意思为“你妈妈什么时候给你买的那件蓝色的衣服?” 。when 不能跟完成时连用,这里“买” 的动作是在过去发生的,所以排除B 和 C,选 D。3. What did the teacher say just now. Sorry. I didnt catch it. I something else.A. thinkB.will thinkC.was thinkingD.had thought答案: C。【解析】该题的正确答案为 C。该题必需依据上下句来懂得,其次句所要表达的意思是“刚才老师讲话的时候我在想别的事情。”即表达在过去某一时间发生的动作,所以要用过去进行时was thinking。4. Whatwhen the earthquake的震 happened on May 12th .Er, I was having a geography class in the classroom.A. are you doingB. did you doC. were you doing答案: C。【解析】此题的答句用了过去进行时was having。结合上下句的语境,问句当然用过去进行时,所以选C。5. I don kntow when Jim . I ll mheiemt at the airport when he .A. will return; returnB. returns; will returnC. returned; returnedD. will return; returns.答案: D。【解析】该题考查 when 的两种用法。 when 既可以引导宾语从句, 也可以引导时间状语从句。当when 引导宾语从句时,其句中的谓语动词要依据实际情形选用时态,第一空由于动作仍没有发生,所以要用一般将来时will return。当 when 引导时间状语从句的时候,遵循“主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时 ”的原就 , 所以其次空选 returns。6. - What about seeing the film with me.- Sorry. Itwice.A. am seeingB. will seeC.seeD. have seen可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结答案: D。【解析】该题的语境是“我不想去,由于我看过两次了。” 很明显是强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响,符合现在完成时的用法,所以挑选D.7. - Would you likesome coffee.- No, thanks. Isome.A. have, already haveB. had, just hadC. having, have yet hadD. to have, have already had答案: D。【解析】该题的正确答案为 D。would like后要接 to + 动词原形, 所以第一空填to have。其次空填 “have already had,句”子表达的意思为 “我已经吃过一些,不用再吃了 ”。8. - Whatyour father doing at eight yesterday evening, Sandy.- Let me see Oh, he wasa newspaper.A. was, readingB. were, watchingC. was, lookingD. were, seeing答案: A 。【解析】该题考点是过去进行时。过去进行时由 was/were + 动词的-ing 形式构成。由于 your father 是单数人称, 所以第一空要选 was。 看报纸要用 read,而不用 look。所以选 A。9. - Have youyour ticket yet.- No, I m stillit.A. found, findingB. looked for, looking forC. found, looking forD. looked for, finding答案: C。【解析】该题考查 find 与 look for 的区分, find 意为“找到”,look for 意为“查找”。所以选 C。第一空要填 found,其次空填 looking for 。10. - Henry, youon the phone.-oh,. Thank you.A. are wanted, I comeB. are wanted, I m comingC. are being wanted, I comeD. are wanting, I m coming答案:B。【解析】该题的正确答案为 B. 第一第一空是考查动词的被动语态, 表示电话找你。 而后一空 I m coming表示“我立刻就来 ”。Come 的现在进行时可以表示将来时。11. - Tomorrow will be Father s Day. What will you do for your father.- I will say“ I love you, Daadsdsyoon ”as he up.A. will wakeB. wakeC. wakesD. woke答案: C。【解析】该题考查时间状语从句中动词时态的用法。在含有时间可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结状语从句的复合句里, 当主句为一般将来时的时候, 从句要用一般现在时表将来。应选 C。12. - Kate, have you seen Bob these days.- Yes, I saw him yesterday. Weeach other for a few days.A. haven t seenB. didn t see C. hadn t seenD. often saw答案: C。【解析】该题是考查现在完成时与过去完成时的区分,现在完成时是强调对现在的影响或连续到现在的动作, 而过去完成时是强调在过去某一时间之前完成的动作,即 “过去的过去 ”。从答语 “Isaw him yesterday 可”知“我是昨天见到他的 ”,在昨天见面之前 “我们许多天没有见面 ”是“过去的过去 ”,所以答案为 C。【习题精炼】1. - How did the accident happen.- Itdifficult to see the road because it.A. was, was rainingB. is, has rainedC. is, is rainingD. will be, will rain2. - Where is Miss Gao, Lily.- Sheto the teacher .sA. has beenB. has goneC. wentD. would go3. - May I speak to John.- Sorry, heJapan. But hein two days.A. had been to, will come backB.has gone to, will be backC. has been in, would come backD. has gone to, won t come back4. - Hi, Lin Tao , I didn t see you at the party.- Oh, Iready for the maths exam.A. am gettingB. was gettingC. gotD. have got5. - WhenMr Harristhe town for Sydney.- I think itlast December.A. did, leave, wasB. did, leave, isC. has, left, wasD. does, leave, is6. - Can you guess if theyto play basketball with us.- I think they will come if theyfree.A. come, areB. will come, will beC. will come, areD. come, will be可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结7. - How longyouin Shenzhen.- Since five years ago.A. did liveB. were liveC. have livedD. were lived8. - Listen. Whoin the next room.- It maybe Mr Lee.A. singsB. is singingC. sangD. does sing9. - What did the teacher say just now.- She said sheus to the park the next week.A. will takeB. is going to takeC. tookD. would take10. - How many English wordsyouby the end of last term.- For about 2000.A. have learnedB. did learnC. had learnedD. were learn11. - Excuse me, look at the sign NO PHOTOS.- Sorry, Iit.A. dont seeB. didnt seeC. havent seenD. wont see12. - Do you know him well.- Sure, wefriends since ten years ago.A. wereB. have beenC. have becomeD. have made【答案详解】1. A【解析】问句的谓语用的是一般过去时,答句的谓语也应当用过去时,因此第一空只能填 was, 所以选 A。句意为 “很难看清路,由于当时正在下雨。 ”2. B【解析】该题考查 has been与 has gone的区分。前者表示 “曾经去过某的”,而后者表示 “到某的去了,人不在这儿 ”。依据问句, Miss Gao 明显已不在说话的点,她已经去老师那里了。所以选 B。3. B 【解析】从此题的答句中我们知道 John 去了日本,所以第一空要选 has gone to ,而 in two days 是表示将来的时间状语,所以该题的正确答案为B。句意为“他去了日本,但过两天回来。 ”4. B【解析】从对话的开头可知,打招呼的人在刚刚过去的party 上没有见到林涛, 所以答句要表达的意思是 “在 party 进行的过程中, 我正在为数学考试做预备 ”,表示过去一段时间正在进行的动作,要用过去进行时态,故正确答案为B。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结5. A【解析】 when 与一般过去连用,而不与现在完成时连用,所以排除C而选 A。6. C【解析】此题考查 if 的两种用法。 If既可以引导宾语从句,意思为 “是否”,也可以引导条件状语从句,意思是 “假如”。当 if 引导宾语从句时,其句中的谓语动词要依据实际情形选用时态,在此题中要表达“你能猜出他们是否要和我们打篮球吗? ”,动作仍没有发生,所以第一空要用一般将来时will come 。当 if 引导条件状语从句的时候,遵循“主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时 ”的原就,所以其次空选 are。7. C 【解析】此题中的答语“ Since five years ago”是现在完成时的时间状语,所以问句要用现在完成时have lived。8. B 【解析】此题问句中的动词 listen 提示我们后面的动作正在发生,所以要选现在进行时 is singing。9. D 【解析】答句是一个含有宾语从句的复合句,其主句为一般过去时,从句也要用相应的过去时态, 依据状语 the next week,从句谓语要用过去将来时, 所以选 D。10. C【解析】此题问句中的“ by the end of last term ”是过去完成时的时间状语,所以答案选 C.11. C【解析】答句所要表达的意思是“我刚才没有观察” ,而不是现在没有观察,所以要用一般过去时。12. B【解析】在答句中有一个现在完成时的时间状语since ten years ag,o 所以答句要用现在完成时。 同时只有连续性的动词才能与这样的时间短语连用,因此排除 C 和 D,选 B。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载