英语高考选阅读之解题技巧.docx

精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -2021届高考英语专题复习之七选五阅读答题指导刘勇题型解读试题模式为：给出一篇缺少5个句子的文章，对应有七个选项，要求同学们根 据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和框架结构以及语篇中段际及句际规律意义的连接的懂得和掌握。”命题依据是英语课程标准提出的“提高同学用英语猎取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的才能”的要求。这种题型以指导性或描述性说明文居多，这两种文体的结构层次都比较清楚完整，规律严密， 适合考查标题概括、主题句和过渡句等，以达到考查同学综合阅读才能的要求。短文特点（说明文）全文或者各段落，一般为“总 - 分”或者“总 - 分- 总”结构，有主题段和主题句，交代本文和本段的中心思想，然后再绽开或争论这个主题。全文层次分明，条理清楚，规律严密，在语篇结构上通常使用明显的语言和格式标记，便于懂得。指导性说明文中常有 ways, methods, skills, techniques, suggestions, tips, steps, howto do sth 等标志性词汇。每个建议或方法一般单独成段， 或常有“”等标记。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 16 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -主要考点主旨大意题：选出段落小标题或主题句。句际关系题：正确选项与上下文之间主要有说明例证、转折对比、因果、递进、顺承或次序、并列排比、概括归纳等规律关系。此为考察的重点。设空或选项特点设空处通常是完整的句子，但也有可能是并列分句或从句，甚至是逗号隔开的短语（通常是状语） 。七个选项都与短文有关，多为完整的句子，句型不一，长短不同，七个备选项通常由短到长排列。设空的位置可在段首，段中或段尾。正确的选项通常有三种：主旨概括句（考察对文章或段落的归纳概括才能, 过渡性句子（考察对文章结构的把握才能），注释性句子（考察对上下文逻 辑意义的懂得才能）解题技巧一、依据 位置线索 解题二、依据 规律线索 解题三、依据 词汇线索 解题可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 16 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -解题技巧一：依据位置信息解题1. 问题设在段首 （三种可能）：通常是段落主题句。短小精悍，多为名词性短语或祈使句。阅读此段剩余内容，依据段落一样性原就，查找相关词或者同义词，从而锁定答案。与后文是并列、 转折、因果等关系。着重阅读后文一二句， 锁定线索信号词， 然后在选项中查找相关特点词。正确选项与后文的句子在意思上是连接的， 因此通常这两句话之间会有某种连接手段。段落间的过渡句。此时要瞻前顾后找启示，阅读上一段结尾。通常正确选项可以承上启下，起到两段之间很好的过渡作用。例 1:Inordertomakeachange,youneedtodecidewhyit s important. Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with yourfamily,getinsomeexercise,orjustbebetterpreparedforyourday.Once you are clear about your reasons, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.答案： Find the right motivation.（主题句）例 2：However, he is not a fish. Because he must breathe air, he can t stay under the water surface for any length of time. To explore deep water, man faces even more dangers and problems.答案： Man wants to explore deep into the sea.（与后文转折关系并启示下文内容。）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 16 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -2. 问题设在段中 ：通常正确选项的句子在语境和规律方面和上下文有亲密的关系，通常为过渡句或细节注释句。留意句际表达时间、缘由、方式、转折等规律关系的关联词以及规律性插入语等。例 3: Practice safe wear and care of contact lenses 隐形眼镜） . Many Americans use contact lenses to improve their eyesight. While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses, many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk.Otherwise,youmayhaveproblemssuch asredeyes,painintheeyes,or amore serious condition.答案： Always follow the doctor s advice for appropriate wear.（留意祈使句与 otherwise的搭配规律）例 4: Unfortunately,we'veallbeenvictimsofbetrayal .Whetherwe've been stolen from, lied to, misled, or cheated on, there are different levelsof losing trust. Sometimes people simply can't trust anymore.37It's understandable,butifyou'rewillingtobuildtrustinarelationship again , we have some steps you can take to get you there.答案： They ve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happenagain. 前后因果关系，注释无法再信任的缘由，并与下文understandable连接。 可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 16 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -3. 问题设在段尾：通常是结论、概括性语句。留意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信息词，如 therefore,as aresult,thus,hence,inshort,tosumup,to conclude, in a word等词语。与前文之间是转折或者对比关系。与前文之间是并列排比或递进关系。此时，正确选项的作用往往是补全说明本段主题的其他细节。解题时留意查找表示并列或递进关系的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构，或同义词等其他线索。承上启下，引出下一段的内容。此时留意看下一段的开头几句，看选项中是否有与之紧密连接的句子。例 5:How to reduce food wasteIt was reported recently that in the UK, we throw away up to one third of the food we buy each week. This amounts to 6.7 million tons of food each year. As the food crisis increases around the world, it makes sense for us to reduce the amount of food we waste.36答案Thiswillsaveusmoneytoo-imaginesavingathirdofyourweekly food bill.（补充说明 makes sense的理由并归纳概括上文）Here are some tips to help you reduce food waste. Make a menu plan.Think about the meals that your family enjoys most and make a menu plan for the week. Write down the ingredients you need for each meal可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 16 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -on a list. There is nothing worse than pushing a trolley手推车） around a supermarket aimlessly with no ideas about your meals for the followingweek.37 .答案： You often end up with lots of ingredients that dont go together.（说明上文语句的结果）例 6:Everyone wants to succeed in their life , don't they. Even as a teenager, you can achieve success in your life; it really isn't that hard. 31 . Do well in school. No matter how boring it is now , education willhelp you be a productive member in society. Try your best for excellence in school; listen to the teachers, do your homework, study, and get goodgrades.Doingsowillhelpyougetintoabetteruniversity,whichwillenable you to have a bright future.32答案： 31: Here are some important points that you may find helpful. 承上启下）32: School sets you up on the right track.（归纳概括）解题技巧二：依据规律线索解题语篇是指比单个句子长的语言单位（句群、段落、篇章等）。语篇中的各种规律关系通常是通过语篇标志词来表达的。对语篇标志词明白得越多，就可以更好的懂得语篇的结构和要表达的内容，为解题供应帮忙。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 16 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -七选五阅读中常见的规律关系：1. 说明例证关系： 前后的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子或详细说明说明。例证的形式具有多样性，思维过程基本是归纳（从例子到观点）和推理（从观点到例子）。常见的表示例证关系的标志词有：for example/instance, in fact/as a matter of fact, actually, in other words/that is（ to say） that means等。2. 转折对比关系 :主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转规律关系。表示转折关系的标志词有： but, however, yet, while，though，although, or/otherwise, onthecontrary,insteadof,nevertheless然而 ,still,in/bycontrast/comparison, on the other hand, unfortunately, whereas, unlike,rather than, it is true that, even if/though, despite, in spite of等。3. 因果关系 :主要指前后的句子有着前因后果或者前果后因等关系。表示因果关系的标志词有：so,therefore,thus ， consequently,asaresultof ） , so/suchthat., so that，becauseof, for, since, as, hence, accordingly,due to, thanks to,in that, for this reason等。4. 递进关系： 对前文进行加深说明。 表示递进关系的标志词有： what s more, what s worse, to make matters worse, in addition/additionally, besides， further ，furthermore, moreover 等 。5. 顺承或次序关系： 上下文依据时间、 空间、事理或规律上的次序表达连续的动作或相关情形。标志词有：afterwards, at first, at last, finally, first, firstly, inthefirstplace,tostart/beginwith ，inthemeantime,last,later,next,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 16 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -second, secondly, then, third, thirdly等。6. 并列或排比关系： 句子共同为一个观点看法服务。标志词有：and , or, too, also,someothers,foronething,foranotherthing,neither nor,eitheror, equally, in the same way, that is to say ,as well as, thesameas, likewise, similarly, as well, notbut, not only.but also，等。7. 概括归纳关系 :对下文（段首空）或前文（段中或段尾空）进行概括归纳。标志词有：inshort,inbrief,insummary,generallyspeaking,ingeneral,to conclude ,in conclusion, in a word ,on the whole , to sum up等。例 7说明例证关系 Therearethreemaintypesofcryptography（密码术） .37,For example, the first letters of“ My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message“ Meet me.”答案： You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spelt out.例 8 转折对比关系 （同时参见例 2 、例 3）ThiscouldbewatchingTVorlisteningtomusic.Doingsome exercisesearlierinthedayshouldhelpyoufeelphysicallyaswellas mentally tired . However, coffee or tea should be avoided as theycontain caffeine and will keep youawake.A. So,whatsa good sleep.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 16 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -B. A bedtime drink can also help.C. Having a good sleep will keep you lively the whole day. 答案： B 此题仍可以依据其他规律线索或词汇线索得出答案例 9 因果关系 Thereisnodoubtthat,inanincreasinglycompetitivetrading environment, we are better equipped than ever to compete and to winand we feel increasingly optimistic. .答案： This is due to our now having a clear strategy with a focus on the customer and product improvement .例 10 递进关系 Itseemsurgent,thatcommunicationsintransportshouldbe improved. _ All over cities, it seems that people are too tired andtoo rushed to be polite.A. Communication between human beings should also be kept smooth and polite.B. Yet this is all too often seen.C. The public should obey the rules.答案： A例 11 顺承或次序关系 Taking good notes is a time saving skill that will help you to become abetterstudentinseveralways. Second,yournotesare excellentmaterialstorefer towhenyouarestudyingfor a test.Third,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 16 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -note-takingoffersA. Use words, not complete sentences .B. You must write your notes on separate paper.C. First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember.D. There are three practical note-taking methods.答案： C例 12 并列或排比关系 WarmUp.17 Youshouldn'tevenstarthavingsportsuntilyou're a little warmed up. So take a light jog to get loosened up and ready to play.By warming up, you get yourself ready to play. Warming up your muscles and practicing a sport help keep you safe, too. KnowtheRulesoftheGame.Trafficlightshelptopreventcrashesbetween the many cars and trucks that drive on the roads together .This works because drivers know the rules and follow them - at least mostof the time .18When players know the rules of the game, you and the other players know what to expect from each other.A. Watch out for others.B. Itsthe same way with sports.C. Don tplay when you are injured.D. Itsnot a good idea to just run to the field and start playing directly.答案： 17 D 18 B可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 16 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -例 13 概括归纳关系 Every day ,when she comes back home from work, she sets about doing housework , sweeping the living room and bedrooms or cleaningthe furniture , and putting everything in order. She seems to be busy allthetime.Motherneverbuysexpensivedressesforherself,butshe often buys some inexpensive but high quality clothes for us.A. She never goes to expensive restaurants to enjoy meals.B. My mother is hard-working and never wastes money.C. As a mother, she takes good care of us and gives us every comfort.答案： B解题技巧三：依据词汇线索解题词汇线索主要指利用语篇中起连接作用的词汇或者上下文以及选项中重现的词汇或结构。观看发觉并利用这种具有启示性的词汇线索，从而能够快速精确选定正确选项，也是解答七选五题型的重要策略之一。详细而言， 词汇线索主要包括以下几种：代词线索 ;数词线索 ;词汇复现 ;词汇同现 ;结构复现等。1 代词线索七选五阅读中常见的代词有： it, one, that, they/them, this/that, these/those, everyone, everybody, each, both, all, many等.英语表达中代词显现的频率极高，用于指代前文提及的人、物、事或整句概念。凡在选项中或空格前后遇到代词，就需要考虑该代词指代上下文中的什么可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 16 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -内容，代入选项后上下文意义是否通顺并合乎规律。代词中需要特殊留意人称代词、指示代词以及不定代词以及代词所指代的名词的单复数与代词的对应。例题 14 ：Thenew design was well received by the reception staff of the hotel chain. 答案： They all believe that its introduction has led to a modern , moreprofessional corporate image and greater confidence among them.例 15：Itisimportant,therefore,weshouldknowwhatpeopleusingourstoreswantofus. Duringthepasttwoyears,wehavebeenworkinghardtoimprovethestandardofourproductsinboththese areas.答案： The research made by the company shows that, above all else,customers expect fashion and value.2 数词线索包括详细数字以及和数字相关的词汇诸如ratio,rate等等。作者列出数字，除了和其他数字进行对比和比较之外，仍可以用数据来说明一个观点。例 16AsinChina,theweatherisdifferentfromareatoarea.1Thetemperatures can fall to 60 , which is 60 below freezing. In the capital, Ottawa, the average of winter temperature is -10 , and in summer 21 . 2 The average January temperature is 3 , and in July it可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 16 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -is 18.A. Canada is the second largest country in the world . BThe west coast of Canada is the warmest place in winter.CIn the North, the winters are long and hard with snow for six months.答案： 1 C2 B3 词汇复现即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。因此上下文中和正确选项中可能会复现原词、同根词、同义词、近义词、反义词等。例 17： You don t show your secret personality when you are awake because you can control your behavior, but when you are asleep， your sleeping position shows the real you 答案： Everyone has got two personalities the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real例 18：The image includes the way you look, the way you act, thewayyoutalkandthewayyouthink.Interestingly,ourself-imagesare often quite different from the images others hold about us.A Always love yourself.B Don tallow doubts to occur in it.CSelf-image is your ownmindspicture of yourself.答案： C4 词汇同现属于语义上相互关联的词语或者跟此词汇属于同一领域的词汇在上下文中可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 13 页，共 16 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - -