2022年高考英语近三年真题语法精讲精练专题名词性从句 .pdf

学习好资料欢迎下载语法专题四名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、 宾语、 表语、 同位语等， 因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。考点一whether 与 if whether 与 if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不能用if：1引导主语从句并在句首时。Whether the meeting will be held tomorrow has not been decided yet. 2引导表语从句和同位语从句时。We should discuss carefully the question whether we can finish it on time. 3引导从句作介词宾语时。It all depends on whether they will lend us the money. 4从句后有“ or not”时。I didnt know whether or not he had arrived in Beijing. 5后接动词不定式时。I dont know whether to go to the party. 考点二that，what 与 which 1that 引导名词性从句时，在从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用， 也没有任何含义；that 引导的宾语从句一般不作介词的宾语(介词 but，except，besides，in 除外 )。That he failed the exam made me surprised.(主语从句， that 不充当从句成分) He is a good student except that he is a little careless. 2what 引导名词性从句时，其意义为“的人/物/数目等”，在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。 作主语、宾语和表语时what 可以分解成“定语从句的先行词关系代词”，即常说的“先行词that”。Our income is now double what it was ten years ago.(what 指“的数目”) You will know what side effect the medicine brings about.(作定语，意思为“什么样的”) He lives in what we call “spring city ” (表示“的地方”) He lives in the place that we call “spring city ”You dont know what good students they are.( 表示“多么”，此为感叹句用于宾语从句中) 3which 引导名词性从句，其意义为“哪一个”，可指人也可指物，是在已知的具体的人、事、物当中进行选择；引导定语从句时，只能当关系代词，在从句中作主语或宾语，且只能指物。Tell me which book you like better ，the red one or the blue one？ I will buy the book which you choose for you. 4A is to B what C is to D “A 对于 B 就像 C 对于 D 一样”。Air is to us what water is to fish. 空气对于我们就像水对于鱼一样。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 8 页学习好资料欢迎下载考点三whoever， who 与 no matter who 1whoever 有两个作用，一是相当于anyone who，引导名词性从句，可以理解为who 引导的定语从句修饰 anyone，因此表达的主体为“任何人”；二是相当于no matter who，引导让步状语从句。Whoever comes late should say sorry to our teacher.( 是“人”应该道歉) 2who 引导名词性从句时，有疑问语气，突出表达“谁”这一件事。引导定语从句时代替先行词在从句中作主语或宾语。Who came late yesterday was unknown.( 是“谁迟到”这件事不知道，而不是不认识这个人) 3no matter who 只引导让步状语从句。No matter who you are ，youre welcome here. 考点四“疑问词ever”和“ no matter疑问词”1“疑问词 ever”可引导名词性从句，在从句中要充当一定的成分。还可引导让步状语从句。Whoever breaks the rule must be punished. However late he comes back，his wife will wait for him. 2“ no matter疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。No matter who breaks the rule ，he must be punished. 考点五that 引导宾语从句时的省略宾语从句中的连接词that 通常可以省略，但在以下几种情况中that 不能省略：1当从句前有插入语时，that 不可省略。We hope，on the contrary，that he will stay at home with us. 2当一个句子有两个或多个并列宾语从句时，引导第二个和以后的宾语从句中的that 不能省略。He said he was wrong and that he would say sorry to me. 3当 that 作介词宾语时，that 不可省略。The reason lies in that she works harder than the others. 4由 it 作形式宾语时，that 引导的宾语从句中，that 不可省略。I think it impossible that he can finish the task in such a short time. 考点六it 作形式主语的常见句型1It is名词 (no wonder，an honor，a good thing，a pity，no surprise 等 )从句。It is no surprise that we will win the match. 2It is形容词 (obvious，true，natural，surprising，good， funny，possible，likely ，certain 等) 从句。It is certain that he will come. 3It be过去分词 (said，reported，thought，expected， decided，announced 等)从句。It is said that Mr Smith has arrived. 考点七doubt 后面的从句doubt 用于肯定句时， 其后的宾语从句用whether/if 引导， 同位语从句用whether 引导； 用于否定句时，宾语从句和同位语从句都用that 引导。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 8 页学习好资料欢迎下载There is no doubt that we will have an exam next week. I doubt whether/if Tom will recover. 1(2012 课标全国高考 )It is by no means clear_the president can do to end the strike. Ahow Bwhich Cthat Dwhat 2(2012 北京高考 )Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt _ he could have expressed it differently. Awhy Bhow Cthat Dwhether 3(2012 天津高考 )It doesnt matter _ you turn right or left at the crossing both roads lead to the park. Awhether Bhow Cif D when 4(2012 上海高考 )There is much truth in the idea _ kindness is usually served by frankness. Awhy Bwhich Cthat Dwhether 5(2012 上海高考 )Weve only got this small bookcase.Will that do? No， _ I am looking for is something much bigger and stronger. Awho Bthat Cwhat Dwhich 6(2012 重庆高考 )Evidence has been found through years of study _ childrens early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up. Awhy Bhow Cwhether Dthat 7(2012 安徽高考 )The limits of a persons intelligence ，generally speaking，are fixed at birth ，but _ he reaches these limits will depend on his environment. Awhere Bwhether C that Dwhy 8(2012 福建高考 )We promise _ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star. Awho Bwhom Cwhoever Dwhomever 9 (2012 湖南高考 )Everyone in the village is very friendly.It doesnt matter_ you have lived there for a short or a long time. Awhy Bhow Cwhether Dwhen 10(2012 江苏高考 )The notice came around two in the afternoon _ the meeting would be postponed. Awhen Bthat Cwhether Dhow 11(2012 江西高考 )It suddenly occurred to him _ he had left his keys in the office. Awhether Bwhere C which Dthat 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 8 页学习好资料欢迎下载12(2012 辽宁高考 )The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for _ he could find about Mark Twain. A wherever Bhowever Cwhatever Dwhichever 13(2012 山东高考 )It doesnt matter _ you pay by cash or credit card in this store. Ahow Bwhether Cwhat Dwhy 14 (2012 陕西高考 )As many as five courses are provided ， and you are free to choose _ suits you best. Awhatever Bwhichever Cwhenever Dwherever 15(2012 四川高考 )Scientists study_human brains work to make computers. Awhen Bhow C that Dwhether 16(2012 浙江高考 )I made a promise to myself _ this year ，my first year in high school ， would be different. Awhether Bwhat Cthat Dhow 17(2011 北京高考 )_Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. AWhich BWhat CThat DWhom 18(2011 北京高考 )The shocking news made me realize _ terrible problems we would face. Awhat Bhow Cthat Dwhy 19(2011 上海高考 )There is clear evidence _ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain. Awhat Bif Chow Dthat 20(2011 上海高考 )The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of _ others actually understand. Awhy Bthat Cwhich Dwhat 21 (2011 山东高考 )Im afraid hes more of a talker than a doer ， which is _ he never finishes anything. Athat Bwhen Cwhere Dwhy 22(2011 山东高考 )Weve offered her the job ，but I dont know _ shell accept it. Awhere Bwhat Cwhether Dwhich 23(2011 江西高考 )The villagers have already known _ well do is to rebuild the bridge. Athis Bthat Cwhat Dwhich 24(2011 江苏高考 )It was never clear _ the man hadnt reported the accident sooner. Athat Bhow Cwhen Dwhy 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 8 页学习好资料欢迎下载25(2011 安徽高考 )His writing is so confusing that its difficult to make out _it is he is trying to express. Athat Bhow Cwho Dwhat 26(2011 四川高考 )Our teachers always tell us to believe in _ we do and who we are if we want to succeed. Awhy Bhow Cwhat Dwhich 27(2011 辽宁高考 )Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach _ to read fast. Awhat Bwho Chow Dwhy 28(2011 辽宁高考 )When the news came _ the war broke out ，he decided to serve in the army. Asince Bwhich Cthat Dbecause 29(2011 天津高考 )Modern science has given clear evidence _ smoking can lead to many diseases. Awhat Bwhich Cthat Dwhere 30 (2013 安徽皖南八校第二次联考)_ Mo Yan had been awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize for Literature made us very proud. AAs BThat CWhich DWhat 31(2013 山西第二次四校联考)Generally speaking ，being hard-working is just _ it takes to be successful in your career. Awhat Bthat Cwhere Dwhich 32(2013 浙江名校联盟第一次联考)_ made our school proud was _ more than 60% of the students were admitted to key universities in 2012. AWhat； because BThat； what C That；because DWhat；that 33(2013 福建四地六校联考)_ some teenagers dont realize is _ difficult life can be after they get addicted to drugs. AWhat； what a BThat；what C What；how DThat；how 34(2013 河南中原名校联考)You know I gave up the job as a waiter and went to the little company. Thats _ youve made a mistake.That company isnt well managed. Awhat Bwhy Cwhere Dhow 参考答案1D分析句子结构可知，it 为形式主语，代替的是后面的主语从句，在主语从句中，及物动词do需要宾语，所以应选用连接代词what 引导该从句。句意：总统能做点儿什么来结束这场罢工根本不清楚。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 8 页学习好资料欢迎下载2C句意：杰瑞不后悔作出评论，但他觉得他本可以用另一种方式表达。分析句子结构可知所填部分在句中起连接作用，且不需要什么意义，所以选C 项。3A句意：在十字路口，你是向右拐还是向左拐都无所谓，两条路都通向那个公园。whether 在此处引导主语从句，并与or 呼应。4C句意：友善通常是坦率所产生的结果，这句话很有哲理。这里用that 引导同位语从句陈述一个事实，说明idea 的具体内容，连接词在从句中不充当任何成分。5C答句句意：我在找的是比这个大而且更结实的东西。这里用what 引导主语从句，在从句中作look for 的宾语。6D“_childrens early .grow up ”在题中作evidence 的同位语，解释evidence 的内容， 为同位语从句，且为陈述句，应用that 来引导。句意：几年的研究表明，孩子早期的睡眠问题很可能在他们长大之后继续存在。故选D 项。7B句意：一般来说，一个人的智力极限在出生时就确定了，但是能否达到这些极限却依赖后天的环境。 where 和 why 引导名词性从句时，在从句中分别作地点状语和原因状语；that 引导名词性从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，也无词义；whether 引导名词性从句时，意为“是否 ”。故只有 B 项符合题意。8C句意：我们承诺向任何参加聚会的人提供一个和电影明星合影的机会。promise sb. sth.“向某人承诺某事 ” 。此处用 whoever 引导宾语从句并在从句中作主语。故选C 项。9C分析句子结构可知，it 作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的从句。句意：村里的每个人都很友善，你在此居住的时间长短没有关系。根据句意以及从句中最后的or a long time 可知，此处C 项正确。10B空后的句意说明了通知的内容，所以选择的是notice 后面同位语从句的引导词，由于从句意义完整，不需要句子成分，所以应选用连接词that。11D句意：他突然想到他把钥匙落在办公室里了。句首的it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，that 引导主语从句在从句中不作成分，但不能省略。12C此处为介词for 后面的宾语从句，且从句中缺少及位物动词find 的宾语， 故排除 A 项和 B 项。句意：这个新来的人前几天进入一家图书馆搜寻他能找到的有关马克 吐温的东西。 whichever 侧重在已知项中进行选择，不合句意。故C 项正确。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 8 页学习好资料欢迎下载13 B句意：在这家商店用现金或信用卡支付都是可以的。根据句中的or 可以看出是两者， 表示 “或者”，构成 whether.or.的形式。在此句中，it 为形式主语，真正的主语是whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store。故选 B 项。14B句意：提供的课程多达五种，你可以任意选择最适合你的一门课程。分析句子结构可知所填部分在句中作主语，且根据句意可知选B 项。 whatever“无论什么 ”；whichever “无论哪一个 ”；whenever“无论何时 ”，wherever“无论何处 ”。15B句意：科学家通过研究人类大脑是如何运转来制作电脑。此句中指大脑运转的方式，因此应选用 how。16C分析句子结构可知，that在此处引导同位语从句，解释说明promise 的内容。 that 引导同位语从句时，不作成分，也不可省略。17B句意：巴巴拉 琼斯给予她粉丝的是诚实和快乐。“_ Barbara Jones offers to her fans”在句中作主语，为主语从句。what 引导主语从句并且在从句中作offers 的宾语，故选B 项。18 A由从句中句式可看出为宾语从句，what 接后面的中心词problems；而 how 后面接形容词或副词，因此应使用what。句意：这个令人震惊的消息使我意识到我们将会面临多么可怕的问题。故选A项。19D分析句子结构可知，该从句为同位语从句，具体说明evidence 的内容。同位语从句中不缺少任何成分，排除A 项和 C 项； if 不能引导同位语从句，故排除。20D分析句子结构可知，介词of 后面是一个宾语从句，宾语从句中understand后面缺少宾语，故选 what。why 不能作宾语； that 引导宾语从句时，不作成分；which 意为 “哪一个，哪一些”，不合句意。21D句意：恐怕他说的比做的多，这就是他一事无成的原因。此处考查系动词be 后的表语从句的引导词，根据句意，D 项正确。22C此处是在及物动词know 后面的宾语从句。且从句中主谓宾结构完整，故排除B 项和 D 项。句意：我们已经提供给她这项工作了，但我不知道她是否愿意接受。故C 项正确。23C空格后面的宾语从句的主语从句中缺少主语且指物，所以选择what。句意：村民们已经知道我们将要做的事情是重建这座桥梁。24D句意：这名男子没有早点报告这次事故的原因根本没有搞清楚。it 在句中是形式主语，真正的主语是why 引导的主语从句。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 8 页学习好资料欢迎下载25D句意：他的书写是那么混乱，以至于想要弄明白他在试图表达什么是很困难的。what 引导名词性从句，在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语或者定语。分析题干可知，宾语从句中express 后缺少宾语，故只有 what 适合题意。26Cwhat 在此引导宾语从句，在从句中作do 的宾语。 句意：我们的老师总是告诉我们如果要成功，我们要相信我们所做的和相信自我。27C句意：二十个学生想上旨在教会他们如何快速阅读的课。why 不能用于 “特殊疑问词动词不定式 ”结构中； what 在该结构中作动词的宾语；who 作主语； how 作方式状语。分析句子结构可知，此处 read为不及物动词，被副词fast 修饰。故选C 项。28Cthat 引导同位语从句，对 news进行解释说明。句意：当战争爆发的消息传来时，他决定参军。29C名词 evidence 的含义是“迹象，证明”，空格后的“吸烟会导致许多疾病”就是evidence 的具体内容。 that 引导同位语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分。句意：现代科学有充分的证据表明吸烟会导致多种疾病。30B分析句子结构可知，谓语动词是made，故前面是主语从句，由于从句不缺少成分，故用that引导。句意：莫言被授予诺贝尔文学奖让我们感觉非常自豪。31A句意：一般来说，刻苦恰恰是你事业成功所需要的。it takes sth.to do sth.结构中， take 缺少宾语，故选what，既引导表语从句，又在从句中作takes 的宾语。32D句意：让我们学校自豪的是，在2012 年百分之六十多的学生被重点大学录取了。主语从句缺少主语，故用what 引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语；表语从句不缺少成分，故用that 引导， that 不能省略。33C句意：一些青少年没有意识到的是他们吸毒上瘾之后生活会多么艰难。第一个空填what 引导主语从句并作realize 的宾语；第二个空填how 引导表语从句，修饰difficult 。34Cthats 后面是表语从句，这个句子的意思是“那就是你犯错误的地方”，故选C 项。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 8 页