中考复习之专项复习“主谓一致”.ppt
Zhengyang Experimental Middle School Wei Jinlong Hello!Everyone! Welcome to our class! 有关“主谓一致”的试题，在近几年的中考英语试题中以多种形式出现。如：单项选择、单句改错、短文改错、同义句转换、时态填空等，题型多样。不少学生对此类试题迷惑不解，望而生畏，不知从何下手。为了使同学们掌握它，现对初中英语中“主谓一致“的问题归纳总结如下：一、主谓一致的定义 所谓主谓一致即谓语动词与其主语在人称和数上要保持一致。 I am a student. He is twelve. The children are singing and dancing.二、主谓一致的三个原则 1、语法一致语法一致：语法形式上要求一致。主语为单数，谓语也用单数；主语为复数，谓语也用复数。 His pen is blue. These shoes sell well. 2、意义一致意义一致：从意义的角度来处理主谓一致的关系。主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数；反之，主语形式上为复数，但意义为单数，谓语动词用单数。 Two months is a long time. The crowed were working over there. 3、就近原则就近原则：当主语被某些关联短语连接时，谓语动词的单复数与离它最近的主语保持一致。 There is a chair and two desks in the room. There is two desks and a chair in the room. Neither you nor I am right. Neither I nor you are right.三、主谓一致原则的具体运用 1 1、并列结构做主语、并列结构做主语 （1）两个或两个以上的单数名词或代词由and 或bothand连接时，如果指的是两个人或事物，谓语代词用复数形式。 He and I are good friends. A teacher and a writer are going to speak at the meeting. 如果由and连接的两个词指的是同一个人、同一个事物或同一个概念时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 The teacher and writer is going to speak at the meeting.(2)由and连接的两个单数名词做主语，前面由every, each或no修饰时，意义上仍为单数，谓语动词用单数形式。Every boy and every girl is taught to read and write.(3)当主语后面跟有with, together with（和一起）, along with（和一起）,as well as 等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单复数形式要和等之前的主语在人称和数上保持一致。A teacher with fifteen students is working in the fields.Tom together with his friends goes swimming every day in summer. He as well as you is good at painting.(4)由or, eitheror, neithernor,not onlybut also等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的单复数按最接近它的主语的单复数形式而定。You or I am to go to the bus stop.Either you or he knows something about it.2、不定代词做主语不定代词each, neither, either以及包含some, any, every, nod的复合不定代词，在意义上都属于单数。它们做主语时，谓语动词用单数。Each student has a dictionary.Every minute is important to us.Nobody was seen on the playground.3、集体名词做主语 （1）people, police等词做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 There are three people in my family. The police are standing there. (2)all指人时用复数谓语动词，指事物时用单数。 All are here.大家都到了。 All goes well.一切都很好。（3）family, class, team等集体名词作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词用单数形式；指其各个成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。试比较：My family is a big one.我家是个大家庭。His family are all working in Beijing.他全家人都在北京工作。The class has fifty students.这个班有50个学生。The class are listening to their teacher.这个班的同学正在听老师讲课。 4、特殊名词做主语 1）国名、人名、书名、报刊名、组织机构等专有名词做主语时，形式上即使是复数，谓语动词也要要复数。 The Times(泰晤士报)is an old newspaper. The United Nations(联合国) was founded in 1943.（2）以-s结尾的学科名词（如maths, physics, politics等）和以-s结尾的抽象名词（如news, plastics, works等）做主语时，谓语动词用单数。Physics is very difficult for me to learn.The news was very interesting.5、数量概念做主语 （1）表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等复数名词做主语时，通常被看做一个整体，谓语动词用单数。 Ten years is a long time. Five minutes is enough. Twenty dollars ha been paid. Two killgrams of vegetables is enough.(2)数学运算中的谓语动词用单数。Seven and eight is fifteen.Two times three is six.(3)“many a/more than one +单数名词”做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Many a student goes to the cinema.许多学生去看电影。There is more than one answer.有不止一个答案。（4）the rest of短语做主语时，若of后接复数名词，谓语动词用复数；若of后接不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。The rest of the students are going to the park.The rest of money isnt enough.6、名词化的形容词做主语主语由“the +形容词”结构担任，表示某类人时，谓语动词用复数形式。The rich are not always happy.The old are taken good care of in the village.7、动名词、不定式或从句做主语 动名词、不定式或从句做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。To play with fire is very dangerous.Reading in bed is bad for your eyes.What the teacher said is helpful to us. The End Thank you!
