高三英语专项复习之完形填空解题技巧.ppt

英语完形填空的主要特点英语完形填空的主要特点 1.通常从一篇250词左右，夹叙夹议的文章中设空20个，首句不挖空； 2.考点层次可分为四类：单词层次，词组层次，句子层次与语篇层次，突出语篇的理解，突出文化背景; 3.干扰项设计严密，一般说来，四个选项的词性相同或属于同等或对等范畴，干扰项填入后在语法上并不存在错误，对考生有很大的迷惑作用。英语完形填空的命题趋势英语完形填空的命题趋势 1、突出语篇语篇。 2、试题型稳定，选项独具匠心。 3、辨析词义，以实词实词为主。 4、记叙文为主，且第一局不设空。 5、生词量有增无减。 6、长句增加，句式灵活，结构结构复杂。英语完形填空的命题趋势英语完形填空的命题趋势 1、突出语篇语篇。 (2005NMET)MysisterandIgrewupinalittlevillageinEngland.Ourfatherwasastruggling36,butIalwaysknewhewas37.henevercriticizedus,butused38(praise)tobringoutourbestfathersaid:“whenIwas23,mydadpersuadedmetogointolaw”. 36.A.biologistB.managerC.lawyerD.gardener 37.A.strictB.honestC.specialD.learned英语完形填空的命题趋势英语完形填空的命题趋势 2、试题型稳定，选项独具匠心。 (NMET2004)(Shesaidshehadastorytotellme-apostallettercarrier)Aboutsixmonths3itseemedthatIhad4alettertoherwhichhadherstreet5onitbutwasaddressedtoanotherhousewiththe6numberonadifferentstreetintheneighborhood. 3.A.afterB.earlierC.laterD.ago 4.A.sentB.writtenC.deliveredD.given 5.AmarkB.signC.boardD.number 6.A.correctB.wrongC.sameD.different英语完形填空的命题趋势英语完形填空的命题趋势 6、长句增加，句式灵活，结构复杂。 (NMET(1)2005)(whenIwaswaitmyfoodinafamiliarrestaurant)Themanhadanewspaper38infrontofhim,whichhewas39toread,butIcould40thathewaskeepinganeyeonme.Whenthewaiterbroughtmy41themanwasclearlypuzzledbythe42wayinwhichthewaiterandI43eachother. 38.A.flatB. openC.cutD.fixed 39.A.hopingB.thinkingC.pretendingD.continuing 40.A. SeeB.findC.guessD.learn 41.A.menuB.billC.paperD. food 42.A.directB.familiar C.strangeD.funny 43.A.Chatted withB.lookedatC.laughedatD.talkabout英语完形填空的失分原因分析英语完形填空的失分原因分析 1、没有严格遵循答题步骤： 多数同学考试时担心时间紧,在没有弄清短文的中心和文章的情节线索的情况下匆忙答题.事实上我们用在这一题上的时间可以达到15-18分钟。 切记切记：一定要用2-3分钟时间进行缺词阅读,弄清文章大意和基本脉络后再着手逐个填空。 2、不注意积累答题技巧: a.忽略文章中上下文之间的照应关系; b.遇到长句不注意分析句子结构,在语义模糊时抱碰运气的心理随意作出选择。英语完形填空的解题步骤英语完形填空的解题步骤 1、浏览全文,掌握文章的中心及脉络. a.应用阅读技能,进行缺词阅读. b.注意首段和末端以及每个段落的首句. 2、分段落实,逐个填空. a.先填上固定搭配与习惯表达,基本句型等较容易的空格. b.对语境和语义还不太明朗的空格要反复推敲,力争突破难点. 3.通读全文,检查核对.英语完形填空的英语完形填空的考查内容考查内容语篇信息语篇信息词汇手段词汇手段语法手段语法手段逻辑手段逻辑手段 复复 现现 同同 现现 替替 代代 省省 略略 顺序关系顺序关系 并列关系并列关系 分指关系分指关系 转折关系转折关系 解释关系解释关系 因果关系因果关系语篇结构（语境理解）语篇结构（语境理解）语法项目语法项目英语完形填空的英语完形填空的考查内容考查内容 一、词汇手段 1、复现、同现 1.(08天津卷)ThenextdayJennawenttoseeMrs.Bidenaboutbeingontheschool25.Mrs.Bidenwasntas26(enthusiastic)asJenna.“Imsorry,butwehaveenough27(writer)forthenewspaperalready. A.committeeB. newspaperC.radioD.team原词重现原词重现 2.(08山东卷)Garthse-mailwasshort,butIlearnedmorefromthat52messagethanIeverdidfromatextbook. A.accurateB.urgentC. briefD.humorous 同义词、近义词复现同义词、近义词复现英语完形填空的英语完形填空的考查内容考查内容 2、词语的习惯用法和固定搭配 1.(08安徽)Therearemanydifferentwaysofseeingatownforthefirsttime.Oneofthemistowalkaroundit,guide-book_36_hand. A. inB.atC.byD.on 2.(08安徽)Whenwe41(lookat)itasawhole,webegintohavesome42,whicheventhebestguide-booksdonotanswer. A.ideasB.opinionsC.feelingsD.questions英语完形填空的英语完形填空的考查内容考查内容 3、根据词汇的意义及用法辨析词义 1.(08湖南)Cassielookedatme,andherglare_.Ilaughed,Shesmiled A.returnedB.remained C.increasedD. softened 2.(08四川)Iknewshehadstrictsleepinghabits,butIthoughtsheoughttobeableto_someofthisstrictness. A.putupB.takeup C.pickupD. give up英语完形填空的英语完形填空的考查内容考查内容 4、根据生活常识及文化背景知识进行选择 1.(08湖南卷)ImademysandwichthatafternoonwhilewaitingforCassie.39thebutter-creamgavemeanidea. A. SpreadingB.BoilingC.BakingD.Holding 2.Everymorningshewouldgivehimbreakfast29bedandbringhimthepapersto30. 29.A.toB.atC. inD.by 30.A.checkB. readC.keepD.sign英语完形填空的英语完形填空的考查内容考查内容 二、语法手段 1、省略2、替代3、语法项目 1.ThestrangeDrhadbeenlovedbysomeone:hehad given his life,asCharley_,foracausehebelievedright. A./B.hadbeenC. hadD.haddone省略省略英语完形填空的英语完形填空的考查内容考查内容 三、逻辑手段 1、顺序关系2、并列关系3、分指关系 4、转折关系5、解释关系6、因果关系 10.(08天津)Jenna,apopulargirlfromWestwoodMiddleSchool,hadgraduatedfirstinherclassandwasreadyfornewchallengesinhighschool.,highschoolwasdifferent. A.ThereforeB. However C.OtherwiseD.Besides转折关系转折关系 11.(08湖北)Neilsonconsidersherselflucky_shesufferedinjuries. A.andB.butC.thoughD.when让步关系让步关系英语完形填空的英语完形填空的考查内容考查内容 四、篇章结构（语境理解） 12.(08湖南)Iraceddownthesteps.Thesidewalkwasdottedwithegg shells(蛋壳蛋壳)fromthose51drops. A.intendedB.unexpected C. failedD.desired 13.(08四川)ClearlyIhadmade.IhadstartedtheeveningwantingtohaveahappytimewithmydaughterbuthadallowedmydesiretowintobecomemoreimportantthanmyrelationshipwithmydaughterSo I had to change. A. a mistakeB.adecision C.anattemptD.aneffort英语完形填空的解题技巧英语完形填空的解题技巧 1、照应：瞻前顾后联系全文。 2、积累：掌握固定搭配的用法与同义词的辨析。 3、分清逻辑关系：注意文中分类、对比、从属、并列等关系所用的词语。 4、化简句子：突破长句的理解。 5、充分利用你的常识。英语完形填空的解题技巧英语完形填空的解题技巧 1、照应：充分利用文章的结构，上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。有时可能是同义词，有时可能是反意词。1.Travellingwest,yousetyourclock7;travellingeast,yousetitaheadTravelling15todaybecomesyesterday;travellingwestitistomorrow.7.A.behindB.forwardC. backD.ahead15.A.southB.eastC.northD. west 2.Sotheslavewaspardonedand50.A.killedB.richC.happyD. freed 3.Manyoldpeopledonthavegood13.TheycantwatchTV,buttheycanlistentomusicornewsovertheradio.A.hearingB.healthC. eyesightD.time英语完形填空的解题技巧英语完形填空的解题技巧 2、积累：固定搭配包括介词与动词的搭配、动词与宾语的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等。要根据内容选择正确的短语。 1.Theyspendmillionsofdollarsyearly2newspapersandmagazines A.inB.toC. onD.for 2.Tomtoldwhathesawtothemananditwasntlong_thepolicecaughtthethief. A.thatB.beforeC.untilD.then 3.SomepeopleinIndiadonoteatmeatorfish6. A.afterallB. in the endC.atallD.nolonger英语完形填空的解题技巧英语完形填空的解题技巧 2、积累（注意词语的辨析） 1.SoonIhearda_likethatofadoorburstin,andthenaclimboffeet.A. soundB.cryC.voiceD.from 2.Tomyhorror,Isaw,_myfathersshoulder,agorilla,A.onB.aboveC. overD.form 3.Givemeahand,heshouted_hegotneartheboat.A.whileB.tillC.forD. as英语完形填空的解题技巧英语完形填空的解题技巧 3、根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项 1.andtheofficersthenbegantoeattheirmeal,sayingthatthemushroomshadaverystrange8quitepleasanttaste. A.besidesB. butC.andD.or 2.Atransistorradioissometimesverysmall.Itisveryeasytocarry11,radiobroadcastsarebetterforblindpeople. A. BesidesB.HoweverC.YetD.Sometimes英语完形填空的解题技巧英语完形填空的解题技巧 4、简化句子，突破长句 1.(MNET2005江西卷)Heisagreatchatter48(aswell).Ifhedidnotknowthem,hewouldgreetthemwithafew49abouttheweather,50hedidknowthem,hewouldaskabouttheirfamiliesormake51,alwayscuttinghiscloth52hiscustomers. 49.A.SayingB.questionsC.wordsD.speeches 50.A.andthenB.andsoC.evenif D.but if 51.A.PreparationsB.jokesC.repairsD.friends 52.A.according toB.duetoC.insteadofD.upto英语完形填空的解题技巧英语完形填空的解题技巧 5、充分利用生活常识以及相关知识 1.,becausetheearth2twenty-fourtimezones,onehourapart. A.givesB.isC. is divided intoD.shows 2.There.1350feetabovethestreet,a_figurewaswalkingonair. A.greatB.strangeC.publicD. tinny 3.Theringhadfallenofandbeendamagedinthegreat_ofthefire. A.pileB.heatC.powerD.pressure （08江西） The three youths leaned over the metal rails along the sea-wall and watched a few fishermen pull in their nets. About thirty metres away, a boat pulled alongside the slippery steps leading 36 to the sea. “Hey, look!” exclaimed Rahim. “Those two men are 37 heavy rocks. I thought we no longer do muscle labour in this technological 38 . ”“you dont 39 a crane (起重机)to unload less than a dozen rocks, do you?”smiled Joshua. “But those men dont 40 to have muscles at all,”said Michael,rather surprised .Joshua smiled. “They are 41 laborers who know how to spread the weight of the rocks they 42 . See how the man positions the rock just at the slope of his 43 . 36. A. through B. across C. down D. up37.A.loading B.unloading C.covering D.uncovering 38. A. way B. revolution C. process D. era39. A. ask B. expect C. attempt D. hope40. A. happen B. fail C. have D. seem41. A.ambitious B. experienced C. potential D.energetic 42. A. take B. fetch C. carry D. bring43. A. shoulder B. back C. chest D. arms原词重现原词重现语境语境理解理解词义词义用法用法排除法排除法语境语境-词义词义词义辨析词义辨析常识常识 Some of the rocks weight is set 44 his head, some on the right hand and some on the left hand. His body isnt bent. His legs are well 45 . ” “Youre right, Josh. He may have a small build, 46 he certainly well knows his job. Dear me! And to think we have been studying 47 ! ” Rahim thought about all that was happening. Suddenly, he said, “Technology wont 48 the human being completely, it appears.” “I dont think it will. ” 49 Joshua. “You can harvest a crop of potatoes or wheat with one of those large, multi-purpose tractors, but you 50 use that equipment to harvest lea leaves and tomatoes, will you?” 44.A. on B. against C.toward D. under 45.A.supported B.grasped C. placed D.strengthened 46.A. but B. however C. so D. therefore 47.A.chemistry B. physics C. biology D. psychology 48.A. control B.affect C.remove D. replace49.A. agreed B. proposed C. refused D. denied50.A. cant B. mustnt C. wont D. neednt常识常识 词义词义词义辨析词义辨析转折关系转折关系语境理解语境理解词义词义语境语境语境语境原词重现原词重现 “You can get a computer to 51 multiple-choice assessments, but you cannot get the computer to produce of assess essays, can you?” asked Michael. “Well, the washing machine leaves my shirt collar quite as 52 as ever - thats domestic technology for you! ” said Rahim. “One day, perhaps, there wont be anybody 53 who can carry a large rock the way those men do. Its not going to be a very 54 world, Im afraid.” Sighed Michael. “Youre too much of a pessimist (悲观主义者)，Mike.” Said Joshua. “ 55 will always be other things that will make the world exciting. ” 51. A. point out B. take out C. hand out D. print out 52. A. dirty B. clean C.old D. new 53. A. caught B. arranged C. left D. convinced 54.A. exciting B. mysterious C. technological D. modern 55.A. That B. This C. They D.There常识常识常识常识-语境语境词义词义- -句型句型原原词词重重现现固定句型固定句型英语完形填空的解题方法英语完形填空的解题方法 总的原则：总的原则： “先完意，后完形”。 八字方针：八字方针： 上下求索，瞻前顾后。 三步曲：三步曲： 读填读 (08江苏)Evelyn Glennie was the first lady of solo percussion in Scotland. In an interview, she recalled how she became a percussion soloist(打击乐器独奏演员) in spite of her disability.“Early on I decided not to allow the 36 of others to stop me from becoming a musician. I grew up on a farm in northeast Scotland and began 37 piano lessons when I was eight. The older I got, the more my passion(酷爱) for music grew. But I also began to gradually lose my 38 . Doctors concluded that the nerve damage was the 39 and by age twelve, I was completely deaf. But my love for music never 40 me.”“My 41 was to become a percussion soloist, even though there were none at that time. To perform, I 42 to hear music differently from others. 36. A. conditions B.opinions C.actions D. recommendations37.A.enjoying B. choosing C. taking D. giving38. A.sight B.hearing C. touch D. taste39.A.evidence B.result C.excuse D.cause40. A. left B. excited C. accompanied D. disappointed41.A.purposeB.decision C. promise D.goal42. A.turned B. learned C. usedD. ought I play in my stocking feet and can 43 the pitch of a note(音调高低) by the vibrations(振动) I feel through my body and through my 44 . My entire sound world exists by making use of almost every 45 that I have.”“I was 46 to be assessed as a musician, not as a deaf musician, and I applied to the famous Royal Academy of Music in London. No other deaf student had 47 this before and some teachers 48 my admission. Based on my performance, 43. A. tell B. see C. Hear D. smell44.A.carefulness B. movement C. imagination D. experience45.A.sense B. effort C. feeling D. idea46.A. dissatisfied B. astonished C. determinedD. discouraged47.A.done B. acceptedC. advised D. admitted48. A. supported B. followed C. required D. opposed I was 49 admitted and went on to 50 with the academys highest honours.”“After that, I established myself as the first full-time solo percussionist. I 51 and arranged a lot of musical compositions since 52 had been written specially for solo percussionists.”“I have been a soloist for over ten years. 53 the doctor thought I was totally deaf, it didnt 54 that my passion couldnt be realized. I would encourage people not to allow themselves to be 55 by others. Follow your passion; follow your heart. They will lead you to the place you want to go.”49. A. usually B. finally C. possibly D. hopefully50. A.studyB. research C.graduate D.progress51. A. wrote B. translated C. copied D. read52. A. enough B. some C. many D. few53. A. However B. Although C. When D. Since54. A. mean B. seem C. conclude D. say55. A. directed B. guided C. taught D. limited答案答案 36.B37.C38.B39.D40.A 41.D42.B43.A44.C45.A 46.C47.A48.D49.B50.C 51.A52.D53.B54.A 55.D