2022年高考英语专项阅读 .pdf

高考英语专项阅读科普知识型阅读理解Last nights meteor(流星 )shower left many people in the community dissatisfied and demanding answers.According to Gabe Rothschild, Emerald Valleys mayor, people gathered in the suburbs of the city, carrying heavy telescopes, expecting to watch the brightly burning meteors passing through the sky.What they found instead was a sky so brightened by the citys lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead. “My family was so frustrated， ” admitted town resident Duane Cosby.“We wanted to make this an unforgettable family outing, but it turned out to be a huge disappointment.”Astronomers scientists who study stars and planets have been complaining about this problem for decades.They say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past.They call on people and the government to take measures to fight against it. There is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution. This population consists of birds, bats, frogs ，snakes ，etc.For example, outdoor lighting severely affects migrating ( 迁徙的 )birds.According to the International DarkSky Asso ciation，“100 million birds a year throughout North America die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers.”Countless more animal casualties(伤亡 ) result from the use of artificial lighting.Clearly， people enjoy the benefits of lighting their evenings, but some scientists think it can be harmful for humans ， too.They worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase a persons chances of getting cancer. Emerald Valley is only one community that is becoming aware of the negative effects of light pollution.For years, Flagstaff, Arizona, has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the Lowell Observatory.Similar efforts have been made worldwide, and a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them, so that other creatures can share the night. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 23 页1It happened last night that _A. the citys lights affected the meteor watching Bthe meteors flew past before being noticed Cthe city light show attracted many people Dthe meteor watching ended up a social outing 2What do the astronomers complain about? AMeteor showers occur less often than before. BTheir observation equipment is in poor repair. CLight pollution has remained unsolved for years. DTheir eyesight is failing due to artificial lighting. 3What is the author concerned about according to Paragraph 4? A. Birds may take other migration paths. BAnimals living habits may change suddenly. CVarieties of animals will become sharply reduced. DAnimals survival is threatened by outdoor lighting. 4Lighting regulations in Flagstaff, Arizona are put into effect to_Alessen the chance of getting cancer Bcreate an ideal observation conditionCensure citizens a good sleep at night Denable all creatures to live in harmony 5What message does the author most want to give us? ASaving wildlife is saving ourselves.BGreat efforts should be made to save energy. CHuman activities should be environmentally friendly.DNew equipment should be introduced for space study. 【要点综述】本文是一篇科普文，主要介绍了城市的光污染对日常生活、天文学家的工作以及动物的生活都产生了消极的影响。在Flagstaff，Arizona已经采取了灯光管理措施。1A 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“so brightened by the citys lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead.”可知，昨天晚上由于城市的灯光太亮，影响了人们观看流星。故选A 。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 23 页2C 细节理解题。根据第三段“have been complaining about this problem for decades. They say that light pollution prevents them from”可知，天文学家多年来一直在抱怨光污染问题未解决。故选C。3D 推理判断题。 根据第四段第一、二句“ that suffers even more from light pollution. This population consists of birds, bats, frogs, snakes, etc. ”以及本段最后一句“100 million birds a year throughoutdie in crashes with lighted buildings and towers. ”可知，作者第四段主要叙述的是动物也受到了光污染的影响，甚至它们的生存也受到了影响。故选D 。4B 推理判断题。根据第六段第二句“has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at”可知，这条规定是为了给天文学家的工作创造理想的观察条件。故选B。5C 主旨大意题。根据整篇文章的叙述，作者主要描述了城市的光污染对人们生活、工作以及动物的生存造成的影响，因此作者在文中呼吁我们人类的活动应该对环境有利。故选C。When someone meets a stranger with the same hobby，that person immediately becomes a friend.People enjoy the company of others who share a similar interest.Often they will form a club and travel great distances to attend meetings where they can talk about their hobbies.Other people have such unusual hobbies that no one else can share them.Sometimes they try to do something better，faster or longer than anyone else in order to have their names included in the Guinness Book of World Records. A lady in Massachusetts may have the worlds easiest hobby：she lets her hair grow.Diane Witt has not cut her hair for twelve years.It is now eight feet(2.44 meters) long，and she will soon set a new world record and her name will be placed in the Guinness book.A thirty-year-old man in Pennsylvania played the piano for forty-five days and eleven hours，while a musician in Connecticut played the flute(长笛) for forty-three hours. A teacher in California typed for over 162 hours ， and a lady from Iowa spent six years typing the numbers from one to one million.Probably the cleanest people in the world are two young women from England who stayed in the shower for over ninety-eight hours；but a man in Oregon was more than twice as clean after taking a shower that lasted two hundred hours. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 23 页Someone once said that “Records are made to be broken”One record that many young men might enjoy breaking is the one made by Roger Guy English of California.During a period of eight hours， Roger kissed three thousand young women. 【语篇解读】文章主要介绍了一些吉尼斯世界记录。1From the passage we know that_. Asome people do something special to put names in the Guinness Book of World Records Bit took a lady from Iowa six months to type the numbers from one to one million Ca teacher in California typed for over 8 days Da lady in New York hasnt had hair cut for 12 years 答案 A 细节理解题。 D项的 New York 应改成 Massachusetts ；B、C项的时间不对， 故选 A。 2Which of the following is TRUE? ADiane Witts hair is now eight meters long. BA thirty-year-old man in Pennsylvania played the piano for 2,160 hours.CA musician in Connecticut played the violin for one day and 19 hours. DTwo young women from England stayed in the shower for over 6 days. 答案 B 细节理解题。A项的 meters 应改成 feet ； C项的 violin应改成 flute；D项的时间不对。 3The underlined word“company ” (in Paragraph 1) means_.Abeing excellent Bbeing similar Cbeing friendly Dbeing together 答案 D 词义猜测题。 根据上下文可知人们喜欢跟有相同兴趣的人走在一起，所以此词是“陪伴，在一起”的意思。 4What would be the best title for the passage? AGuinness Book. BHow to Get World Records. CWorld Records. DRecords Are Made to Be Broken. 答案 C 主旨大意题。此文主要是向我们介绍一些世界纪录，因此C是最佳选项。 5Judging from the writing style of the passage，it is_. Aa piece of advertisement Ba science report Ca passage for professional reading Da passage from a magazine 答案 D 推理判断题。吉尼斯记录不是广告，故A项错误；文章的专业性不强，不属于专业精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 23 页性的阅读文章，也不可能是科学报告；文章的内容应归为生活消遣类，因此最可能出现在杂志上。 社会生活型阅读理解。An “apple polisher” is one who gives gifts to win friendship or special treatment. It is not exactly a bribe(贿赂 ), but is close to it. All sorts of people are “apple polishers” ， including politicians and people in high officesjust about everybody. Oliver Cromwell, the great English leader, offered many gifts to win the support of George Fox and his party, but failed. There are other phrases meaning the same thing as “applepolishing”“ softsoaping”or “butteringup” . A gift is just one way to “softsoap ” somebody, or to “butter him up”. Another that is just as effective is flattery, giving someone high praise telling him how good he looks, or how well he speaks, or how talented and wise he is. Endless are the ways of flattery. Who does not love to hear it? Only an unusual man can resist the thrill of being told how wonderful he is. In truth, flattery is good medicine for most of us, who get so little of it. We need it to be more sure of ourselves. It cannot hurt unless we get carried away by it. But if we just lap it up for its good value and nourishment, as a cat laps up milk, then we can still remain true to ourselves. Sometimes, however, flattery will get you nothing from one who has had too much of it. A good example is the famous 12th century legend of King Canute of Denmark and England. The king got tired of listening to endless sickening flattery of his courtiers(朝臣 ). They overpraised him to the skies, as a man of limitless might. He decided to teach them a lesson. He took them to the seashore and sat down. Then he ordered the waves to stop coming in. The tide was too busy to listen to him. The king was satisfied. This might show his followers how weak his power was and how empty their flattery was. 1Which of the following activities has nothing to do with “applepolishing”？AA boy tells his girlfriend how pretty she looks. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 23 页BAn employee tells her boss how good he is at management. CA knight is said to be of limitless power by his followers. DA teacher praises her students for their talent and wisdom. 2What does the writer want to prove with Cromwells example? AEverybody can be an apple polisher. BCromwell was not a good apple polisher. CGeorge Fox and his party were not apple polishers. DThere are people who dont like being applepolished. 3Which of the following statements about flattery is TRUE according to the author? AToo much flattery can carry us away. BFlattery is too empty to do people any good. CFlattery can get you nothing but excessive(过度的 ) pride. DFlattery is one of the ways to applepolished people. 4Why did King Canute of Denmark and England take his followers to the seashore? ABecause he was sick of his normal life. BBecause he disliked being overpraised any more. CBecause he wanted them to realize how wise he was. DBecause he wanted them to see how weak he was as a king. 5Who does the author think that flattery can do good to? AThose who are politicians or in high offices. BThose who lack confidence. CThose who are really excellent. DThose who think highly of themselves. 【要点综述】本文论述了现代社会存在的一个普遍现象，人们往往为了自己的一点儿利益去送礼或者说一些阿谀奉承的话，当然有时即使这样做了也未必就能实现自己的愿望。1D 推理判断题。根据“An apple polisher is one who gives gifts to win friendship or special treatment.”可知，一个老师表扬学生并不是想得到什么好处。故选D项。2 A 细节理解题。 根据 “ All sorts of people are apple polishers ， including politicians and people in high officesjust about everybody.Oliver Cromwell， the great English leader ，offered many gifts to win the support of George Fox and his party ， but failed.”精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 23 页可知，高层的领导者也有拍马屁的人，可以想象每个人都可能是这种人。故选A项。3D 细节理解题。根据“An apple polisher is one who gives gifts to win friendship or special treatment.” 和 “A gift is just one way to softsoap somebody ，or to butter him up Another that is just as effective is flattery”可知选D项。4B 细节理解题。根据“The king got tired of listening to endless sickening flattery of his courtiers(朝臣 ) ”可知国王厌烦了朝臣们的阿谀奉承，故选B项。5B 细节理解题。根据“In truth，flattery is good medicine for most of us，who get so little of it.We need it to be more sure of ourselves.It cannot hurt unless we get carried away by it.”可知，对于缺乏自信的人来说，奉承是有好处的。故选B项。Arnold followed Eugie down the slope, stealing, as his brother did, from one stock of wheat to another. Eugie paused before climbing through the wire fence that divided the wheatfield from the marshy pasture(牧场 ) around the lake. They were screened from the ducks by the trees along the lakes edge.“If you hit your duck, you want me to go in after it ?” Eugie said. “If you want.” Arnold said. Eugie lowered his eyelids, “Youd drown before you got it, the legs of yours are so weak. ” He said contemptuously(轻蔑地 ) 。He shoveled the tub under the fence and, pressing down the centre wire, climbed through into the pasture. Arnold pressed down the bottom wire, thrust a leg through and leaned forward to bring the other leg after. His rifle caught on the wire and he pulled at it. The air was rocked by the sound of the shot. Feeling foolish, he lifted his face, baring it to an expected shower of dersision(嘲弄 )from his brother. But Eugie did not turn around.Instead, from his crouching position, he fell into his knees and then pitched forward onto his face. The ducks rose up crying from the lake, cleared the mountain background and beat away northward across the pale sky. Amold squatted beside his brother. Eugie seemed to be climbing the earth, as if the earth ran up and down, and when he found he couldnt scale it he lay still.“Eugie?”精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 23 页Then Arnold saw it, under the rolling hair at the back of the neck - a solw rising of bright blood. It han an unpleasant movement, like that of a parasite(寄生虫 )。“Hey,Eugie, ” he said again. He was feeling the same discomfort he had felt when he had watched Eugie sleeping; his brother didnt known that he was lying face down in the pasture. Again he said, “Hey, Eugie, ” an anxious push in his voice. But Eugie was as still as the morning about them. 1. What does the underlined word “screened” in para 1 probably mean? A. Separated B. Stopped C. Dragged D. Hidden 答案解析：答案为D。本题为词义推断题。结合前四段可知，Eugie 和 Arnold 想去偷鸭子，可以推断，为了不被人发现，他们躲在隐蔽的地方，D选项“隐藏”最符合文意。 A 选项意为“分离”，B选项意为“阻止”， C选项意为“拖、拉” ，均不符合文意。2. From Para 2 to Para 4,we know that . A. Eugie always laughed at Arnold. B. Eugie would help Arnold hit the ducks. C. Arnold begged Eugie to go in after the ducks. D. Eugie was worried that Arnold might drown 答案解析：答案为A。本题为推理题。从Eugie 的动作和语言“Eugie lowered his eyelids, Youd drown before you got it, the legs of yours are so weak.He said contemptuously.” 可知， Eugie 认为 Arnold 无法偷到鸭子，他可能会淹死，因为他的腿有问题。 Eugie 的语气轻蔑高傲，故可推断，Eugie 总是嘲笑Arnold 。故答案为A。3. Why did Eugie lie still? A. Arnold shot him intentionally. B. Arnold killed him accidengtally. C. He pretended to be unconscious. D. He was ready to shoot some ducks. 答案解析：答案为B。本题为细节推理题。结合第六段“.His rifle caught on the wire and he pulled at it. The air was rocked by the sound of the shot. Feeling foolish, 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 23 页he lifted his face.” 可知， Arnold 的枪缠到了电线上，在他准备去拉枪的时候，空气被枪击的声音震动了，他觉得他真是笨；又及第七段“.Eugie seemed to be climbing the earth, as if the earth ran up and down, and when he found he couldnt scale it he lay still.”可推知，Eugie 的动作是中弹后的动作，他感到大地在摇晃，原来是Arnold 无意中开枪击中了Eugie，他已经死去，静静地躺着。故答案为B。4. It can be inferred from the passage that . A. the relationship between Arnold and Eugie was not so good. B. Arnold followed Eugie approaching the lake to steal ducks. C. they were crouching forward to steal the wheat. D. Eugie was always taking care of Arnold. 答案解析：答案为A。本题为推理题。结合第四段“Eugie lowered his eyelids, Youd drown before you got it, the legs of yours are so weak.He said contemptuously”和后文的第六段“Feeling foolish, he lifted his face, baring it to an expected shower of dersision from his brother.”可知， Eugie 总是嘲笑 Arno