2022年高考英语语法专题复习十三简单句并列句及附加疑问句 .pdf
学习必备欢迎下载语法专题十三简单句、并列句及附加疑问句一. 简单句按照句子中动词的语法功能, 英语句子可归纳为五种基本句型, 各种各样的句子都可以看成是这五种句型的扩展. 学习 , 掌握这五种基本句型, 对于认识英语句子的基本结构, 提高连词造句 , 阅读理解和书面表达的能力将会有很大的帮助. 五种基本句型 : 第一种 : 主语 +谓语第二种 : 主语 +谓语 +宾语第三种 : 主语 +谓语 +表语第四种 : 主语 +谓语 +间接宾语 +直接宾语第五种 : 主语 +谓语 +宾语 +宾语补足语1.主语 +谓语 (不及物动词 ) 在这个句型中的动词是不及物的行为动词, 不能带宾语 . 这种动词表示主语的行为动作, 意义基本完整, 所以不再需要宾语. 不及物动词没有被动语态形式. 在这个句型中, 谓语后面有时不再附加任何成分, 而大多数情况下有状语性质的修饰语. 这种修饰语可以由副词 , 介词短语 , 不定式短语 , 分词短语以及从句等来担任. 例如 : Tom is writing. (Little Tom is writing at the desk now.) He stopped. (He stopped to have a look.) The boy stood there, begging. (The boy whose parents died stood there, begging.) 2.主语 +谓语 +宾语本句型中的及物动词同样也为行为动词, 表明一个具体实在的动作, 但其本身所表示的意义并不完整 , 需要有一个宾语, 才能表达一个完整的概念. 例如 : We have a TV set. You may use my pen. I will use hers. He doesn t like the first. He likes the third. 3.主语 +系动词 +表语在本句型中 , 由系动词及表语构成表性状的复合谓语, 说明主语的身份, 特征 , 性质 , 状态等 . 英语中除了最常见的系动词be 以外 , 还有表示感官的连系动词look, feel, sound, taste, smell 等; 表示变化的连系动词get, turn, become, grow, fall, come 等; 表示状态的连系动词 keep, remain, stay, continue, seem 等. 例如 : Rose is an English boy. The boy looks like his father. 4.主语 +谓语 +间接宾语 +直接宾语有些动词后面 , 可以有两个宾语, 这个宾语一个指人, 一个指物 , 指人的叫间接宾语, 表示动作的方向和目标; 指物的叫直接宾语, 表示动作的承受者, 间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前 . 例如 : She brought me some fruit. Can you do us a favour? 这两个句子中的间接宾语都可以变成介词短语放在直接宾语后面. 例如 : She brought some fruit to me. Can you do a favour for me? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 5 页学习必备欢迎下载5.主语 +谓语 +宾语 +宾语补足语宾语和补足语之间的关系是逻辑上的主谓关系, 即宾语是宾语补足语的逻辑主语。句型中的宾语常用名词或代词宾格. 常用来作宾语补足语的成分有名词, 形容词，动词不定式, 现在分词 , 过去分词 , 介词短语和副词等. 例如 : She named her baby John. We elected him monitor of our class. Keep the room clean and tidy, please. We consider it a pity that they have given up trying it a second time. His father wished him to be a musician. 二. 并列句连词是高考的重点考查项目之一.连词分为并列连词和从属连词两种. 如果句子包含两个或更多的互不依从的主谓结构, 就是并列句 . 并列句中的分句通常用一个并列连词来连接 , 其中的各分句意义同等重要. 联系密切 . 无从属关系 . 使用是特别注意其连词特性. a)and, not onlybut (also) neither, nor, neither nor 等词连接的并列句, 在意义上主要对前一句子作补充或引申, 包括肯定和否定两方面的意义. 例如One day, I was late, and my teacher war angry. Think it over, and you ll find a way out. Not only is he himself interested in the subject, but also his students began to show interest in it. Neither does he work hard, nor does his brother. b)or, either or 连接并列句表示选择. 例如 : The children can go with us, or they can stay in. ( 选择 ) The workers were cheerful, or at least they appeared to be cheerful. ( 换个说法 ) Be careful, or you will break your neck. (否定条件 ) 三. 反意疑问句反意疑问句的一般应用规则为: 前面陈述部分是肯定句形式, 后面的附加疑问部分则用否定形式 ; 前面陈述部分如果用否定形式, 后面的附加疑问部分则用肯定形式, 但是在实际运用中 , 只知道一般的应用规则还不够, 以下几种特殊情况应特别注意: a)当陈述部分的主语是指示代词this, that, these, those 时, 疑问部分的主语, 不再用指示代词 , 而要用 it 或者 they 代替 . 例如 : That isn t your dictionary, is it? These are interesting stories, aren t they? b)当陈述部分的主语是“ I am ” 结构时 , 疑问部分一般用“ aren t I?” . 例如 : I m late for class, aren t I? I m doing well, aren t I? c)当陈述句部分的主语是everybody, somebody, nobody, none 等合成代词时, 疑问部分的主语多用they, 例如 : Everyone came here, didn t they? Nobody phoned while I was out, did they? d)当陈述部分的主语是everything, anything, nothing 等不定代词时, 疑问部分的主语用 it. 例如 : Nothing is too difficult for him, is it? Everything is read, isn t it? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 5 页学习必备欢迎下载e)当陈述部分是不定代词one 作主语 , 疑问部分的主语在正式场合用one, 在非正式场合用 you. 例如 : One can t be too careful, can one (you)? f)当陈述部分是“ there be+主语 +其他 ” 结构时 , 疑问部分用“ be (not) +there.” 例如: There is a book on the desk, isn t there? There are not any pens in the box, are there? g)当陈述部分的主语是“ I don t think (suppose, believe, guess) +that从句结构时 , 疑问部分的主语和谓语须和从句中的主语和谓语在人称和数上一致, 并且还要用肯定形式 . 例如 : I don t think he can finish the work, can he? I don t believe she knows it, does she? h)当陈述部分的谓语动词是have 时 , 有两种情况 : have 作 “ 有” 解时 , 可有两种形式 , 例如 : He has a new book, hasn t he/doesn t he? have 表达其他意思时, 只用 do 的相应形式 . 例如 : She had a good time in the park, didn t she? 高考示例 【例一】 2005 全国高考They wanted to charge $5000 for the, _we managed to bring the price down. A. but B. so C. when D. since 提示 : 此题考查并列连词使用. 前后两个句子存在转折关系, 故用转折连词but. 答案 :A 【例二】 2005 北京高考-Somebody wants you on the telephone. -_no one knows Im here. A. For B. And C. But D. So 提示 : 此题语境为 : 一方说 : 有人电话找你 . 另一方说 : 但是没人知道我在这里呀! 前后两个句子存在转折关系. 故选 C.答案 : C 【例三】 2004 上海高考Bills aim is to inform the viewers that cigarette advertising on TV is illegal, _? A. isnt it B. is it C. isnt he D. is he 提示 : 根据前肯定后否定的原则, 首先排除B.D 两项 . 再根据“宾语从句的反意疑问句用什么词反问, 综合要看主句的主语, 只有主句的主语是第一人称时, 才看从句主语”的原则 , 排除 C. 答案 : A 【例四】 ( 经典回放 ) Brian told you that there wasnt anyone in the room at that time, _? A. was there B. wasnt there C. didn t he D. did he 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 5 页学习必备欢迎下载提示 : 此题考查主从复合句中的反问句式的问题. 一般规律是 : 反问句的形式要与主句的主语一致, 但是当主句的主语是I, 谓语是think/suppose/believe/hope/expect/guess/know/be told/feel时, 反问句的形式与它们后面的宾语从句的主语和谓语保持相同. 答案 :D 【例五】 ( 经典回放 ) -I hear youve got a set of valuable Australian coins._I have a look? -Yes, certainly. A. Do B. May C. Shall D. Should 提示 : 此题考查简单句中的交际用语. May I ? 表示请求对方的许可; Shall I 表示提供帮助 , 提出建议 , 要求给以知识和征求意见. 答案 : B 触类旁通 1.Yes. We have to say we are now facing unexpected difficulties ahead, but we firmly believe nothing can stop us from serving the people heart and soul, _? A. can it B. cant C. can they D. cant they 2. I dont think Thomas Edison could have done such a stupid thing last night, _? A. do I B. could he C. did he D. has he 3. Please excuse me for my breaking in, _I have something very important to tell you. A. so B. and C. but D. yet 4. The Chinese are good at playing table tennis _the English are interested in football. A. if B. as C. while D. since 5. -I dont like beef _mutton. -I dont like beef either, _I like mutton very much. A. and; and B. and; but C. or; and D. or; but 6. Im very excited to know “S. H. E.” is going to sing at the CCTV Spring Festival Soiree, _? A. arent I B. am not I C. arent you D. are you 7. -Can you tell me how to learn English well? -Do more speaking, I think, _youll be good at spoken English. A. or B. for C. and D. until 8. -The street is too bad, isnt it? - _, _its a bit too crowded. A. No; but B. Yes; but C. No; because D. Yes; though 答案 : 1.A 2.C 3.C 4.C 5.D 6.A 7.C 8.A 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 5 页学习必备欢迎下载精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 5 页
