2021版英语名师讲练大一轮复习浙江专用人教版核心素养测评： 九 必修2 Unit 4　Wildlife protection .doc

温馨提示： 此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。核心素养测评 九必修2 Unit 4Wildlife protection(限时35分钟). 阅读理解AMicroplastics are small plastic pieces that have accumulated in the marine(海洋的) environment following decades of pollution. These pieces can cause significant issues for marine creatures that ingest them, including inflammation(炎症), reduced feeding and weight-loss. Microplastic pollution may also spread from organism to organism when one creature is eaten by others. Since the pieces can be bound to chemical pollutants, these associated poisons could accumulate in predator species. Mesopelagic(海洋中层的) fish serve as a food source for a large variety of marine animals including swordfish, dolphins, seals and sea birds. Typically living at depths of 2001, 000 meters, these fish swim to the surface to feed at night and then return to deeper water during the day. Through these upright movements, mesopelagic fish play a key role in the cycle of carbon and nutrients from the surface to the deep sea a process known as biogeochemical cycle. This means they could spread microplastic pollution throughout the marine ecosystem, by carrying microplastics from the surface down to deeper water, affecting deep-sea organisms. To investigate this further, researchers set out to catch fish in a remote area of the northwest Atlantic Ocean. The researchers caught mesopelagic fish at varying depths, and then examined their stomachs for microplastics back in the lab. They used a particular air filter so as not to introduce plastic fibers in the air from the lab environment. The team found a lot of microplastics in the fishs stomachs. As the researchers were extremely careful to clear the pollution fibers in the air, they were confident that the fish had eaten the fibers in the sea all over the world. The researchers plan further studies to learn more about how these fish ingest and spread microplastics. It will be particularly interesting to see whether the fish eat these microplastics directly as mistaken foods, or whether they eat them through eating other species, which have previously eaten the microplastics. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现, 在大西洋西北部捕捞的海洋中层鱼类的胃中含有微塑料, 受影响的鱼类可能会将微塑料扩散到整个海洋。至于这些鱼是把微塑料当食物而误食, 还是通过捕食吃了微塑料的其他物种才导致体内含有微塑料, 还需要进一步研究。1. What does the underlined word “ingest” in Paragraph 1 mean?A. Attack. B. Swallow. C. Ignore. D. Avoid. 【解析】选B。词义猜测题。画线词后的them指的是上文中出现的 These pieces(即small plastic pieces), 再根据上下文语境并运用排除法可知B项正确。2. What does the Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?A. How deep-sea fish feed themselves. B. Why mesopelagic fish are important. C. How microplastics spread to the deep sea. D. How dangerous microplastics are to the sea. 【解析】选C。段落大意题。根据第二段中的第三句和第四句可知, 海洋中层鱼类在碳和营养物质从海洋表面到深海的循环过程中发挥着关键作用, 也意味着它们可能会将微塑料污染扩散到整个海洋生态系统。所以本段主要在讲微塑料是如何扩散到深海中的。故选C。3. What conclusion did the researchers draw from the study on mesopelagic fish?A. Fish in the remote area are safe to eat. B. Plastic fibers in the air may enter fishs stomachs. C. They are polluted by microplastics. D. Mesopelagic fish live at varying depths. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第四段中“they were confident that the fish had eaten the fibers in the sea all over the world”可知, 研究得出的结论:海洋中层鱼类受到了微塑料的污染。故选C。4. What will further studies focus on?A. In what way microplastics enter mesopelagic fishs stomachs. B. How seriously microplastics affect sea creatures. C. Whether fish with microplastics harm humans. D. How microplastics spread in the deep ocean. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“It will be particularly interesting. . . through eating other species. . . eaten the microplastics. ”可知, 将进一步研究这些微塑料是通过什么方式进入海洋中层鱼类体内的:是被误当作食物吃进去的, 还是海洋中层鱼类吃了其他吃了微塑料的物种。故选A。BFeeding birds is a popular way to watch wildlife. But experts say it might put wild birds at risk. Feeding birds is not necessary for their survival except in extreme weather conditions. Feeders(喂食器)can definitely help birds get through that kind of weather. But most birds eat insects and show little interest in bird feeders. For those birds, we can grow native plants in a natural environment. Birds which are fond of eating seeds will be more likely to come to feeders if there is some cover nearby. This lets them feed and then fly to protective areas, such as in trees. The most common mistake people make with their bird feeders is that they put feeders in places where birds are easily frightened by passers-by, risk being hurt by cats, or risk flying into windows. So set up a bird feeder at least one meter away from a window. That way, if a bird gets frightened, it wont get killed when it hits the glass. Owners of cats should keep them inside home so they cant hurt the birds. Some birds are more aggressive at feeder. They eat a lot and do not leave much food for other birds. A solution is to put the food in more than one place by using different kinds of seeds or fruit. This can also increase the number and diversity of birds in your neighborhood. But dont feed wild birds anything salty, like potato chips, or food that could choke them, like bread. Pay attention to food quality and freshness. Unprotected food left too long in feeders will turn moldy(发霉), which can kill wildlife. Another word of advice:always provide a supply of clean water for birds, but use care when looking for the right birdbath. If the birdbaths are too deep for birds, putting a few large stones in the water can give the birds a place to sit. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 人们在喂鸟的时候无意中会给鸟儿带来危险, 文章具体解释了这些危险并提出了安全喂鸟的建议。5. Whats the most common mistake about feeding birds?A. Putting feeders in improper places. B. Providing food in inappropriate time. C. Leaving feeders unprotected. D. Supplying dirty and deep water. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段“The most common mistake people make with their bird feeders is that they put feeders in places where birds are easily frightened by passers-by, risk being hurt by cats, or risk flying into windows. ”可知人们在喂鸟的时候, 最常见的错误是把喂鸟器放在错误的地方, 这样给鸟儿带来了很多危险。故A项正确。6. Which of the following may NOT be suitable for feeding birds?A. Seeds. B. Bread. C. Fruit. D. Insects. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“But dont feed wild birds anything salty, like potato chips, or food that could choke them, like bread. ”可知作者建议人们不要喂给鸟儿薯条和面包, 因为这些食物不适合喂鸟。故B项正确。7. The author advises helping more birds by _. A. increasing the number of feedersB. cleaning the birds with clean waterC. putting more large stones in the feedersD. keeping aggressive birds away from the feeders【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第五段“A solution is to put the food in more than one place by using different kinds of seeds or fruit. ”可知作者建议我们把食物放在多个地方, 并提供不同种类的食物。这样做, 自然是要增加喂鸟器的数量。故A项正确。8. What is the text mainly about?A. Problems with bird feeding. B. Where to place bird feeders. C. Popular ways of protecting wild birds. D. How to feed wild birds safely and healthily. 【解析】选D。主旨大意题。根据第一段“Feeding birds is a popular way to watch wildlife. But experts say it might put wild birds at risk. ”可知本文主要讲述的是喂鸟会给鸟儿带来一定的危险;第三段介绍了具体的危险, 后四段提出具体的安全喂鸟的建议。故D项“How to feed wild birds safely and healthily. ”符合本文中心思想, 故选择D项。【知识拓展】长难句分析The most common mistake people make with their bird feeders is that they put feeders in places where birds are easily frightened by passers-by, risk being hurt by cats, or risk flying into windows. 分析:本句主要结构:The mistake is. . . ; “people make with their bird feeders”是定语从句, 省略了关系词that/which; is后面全是that 引导的表语从句;表语从句中的where 引导定语从句, 这个定语从句中含有三个并列谓语。翻译:人们在喂鸟器上犯的最常见的错误是把喂鸟器放在了鸟很容易被路人吓着的地方, 有被猫伤害的风险, 或者有飞进窗户的风险。 . 完形填空In March of 2019, Peter Tabichi, a 36-year-old teacher from a remote village in Kenya, was voted the best teacher in the world out of 10, 000 applicants and won Varkey Foundations Global Teacher Prize of $1 million. For the past 12 years, Tabichi has worked as a math and science teacher hoping that his lessons will give students a chance to 1 their situations. However, working at a Secondary School in a remote village in Kenya hasnt been 2. The school only has one computer and unreliable Internet 3. As a result, he is often forced to travel to a cyber cafe to download 4 for his science classes. The school also has no library or laboratory. To make matters worse, there are not enough 5 for all the students. Unfortunately, the semi-arid (半干旱的) village experiences droughts and famines 6. “Most of the students come from very poor families. Theyre not able to 7 because they havent had enough meals at home, ” Tabichi said. Thus, he also teaches students and locals about famine-resistant 8. To help those in poverty afford food, uniforms, and books, he 9 80 percent of his salary. One of the other major 10 that Tabichi faces is trying to keep kids in school as long as possible. According to Tabichi, 95 percent of his students live in poverty and around 30 percent are either orphans or are being 11by single parents. As a result, kids are easy to 12out of school. With great efforts, he has also 13to set up science clubs, addressed food insecurity issues, and helped bring 14between several ethnic groups and religions. 15his tireless work, his students have 16for the 2019 INTEL International Science and Engineering Fair in Arizona, USA. He said, “Im 17of my students. We lack facilities that many schools 18for granted, so as a teacher, I just want to have a 19 impact not only on my country but on the whole of Africa. ” Tabichi plans to use the prize money to improve the school and feed the 20. He also hopes his accomplishment will inspire others to push past all the obstacles. 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了一位来自肯尼亚一个偏远村庄的36岁教师Peter Tabichi的故事。2019年3月, 在10 000名申请者中他被评为全球最佳教师, 并获得了Varkey基金会100万美元的全球教师奖金。1. A. check B. control C. improve D. realize【解析】选C。Tabichi在学校是一位数学和科学老师, 他希望他的课程能给学生一个改善(improve)他们的境况的机会。2. A. normalB. easyC. shortD. hard【解析】选B。在肯尼亚一个偏远村庄的一所中学工作是不容易的(easy)。3. A. accessB. barrierC. relationD. source【解析】选A。学校只有一台电脑, 而且网络连接(access)也是不可靠的。access“入径;(使用或见到的)机会, 权利”, Internet access “互联网接入”;barrier“障碍”;relation“关系”;source“来源”。4. A. programsB. approachesC. commentsD. resources【解析】选D。根据上文, 因此, 他经常被迫去网吧为他的科学课程下载资源(resources)。programs“程序”;approaches“方法”;comments“评论”。5. A. subjectsB. chancesC. booksD. teachers【解析】选C。更为糟糕的是, 学校没有足够的书提供给每位学生。6. A. naturallyB. suddenlyC. frequentlyD. gradually【解析】选C。不幸的是, 这个半干旱的村庄经常(frequently)经历干旱和饥荒。naturally“自然地”;suddenly “突然地”;gradually “逐渐地”。7. A. distinguishB. calculateC. strengthenD. concentrate【解析】选D。根据上下文, 因为学生在家里没有足够的粮食吃, 肚子饿, 所以上课注意力不能集中(concentrate)。distinguish“区分, 辨别”;calculate“计算”;strengthen“加强”。8. A. cropsB. habitsC. areasD. signals【解析】选A。根据上文, 因此, 他也向学生们和当地人教授关于可以抵抗饥荒的庄稼(crops)的知识。habits“习惯”;areas“地区”;signals“信号”。9. A. called offB. gave awayC. dropped inD. put out【解析】选B。根据上下文:为了帮助那些贫困的学生买粮食、校服和书籍, 他把自己80%的工资都赠送(give away)出去了。call off“取消”;drop in“顺便拜访”;put out“熄灭”。10. A. expectationsB. challengesC. charactersD. performances【解析】选B。根据上下文:Tabichi要面临的其他主要的挑战(challenges)之一, 就是努力让孩子们在学校(上学)的时间尽可能地长。expectations“期待”;characters“人物, 个性”;performances“表现, 演出”。11. A. paidB. raisedC. earnedD. adopted【解析】选B。raise children“抚养孩子”。这里意为:根据Tabichi所说, 95%的学生生活在贫困之中, 大约30%的学生要么是孤儿, 要么是单亲家长抚养(raised)。pay“支付”;earn“挣钱”;adopt“收养”。12. A. dropB. makeC. getD. move【解析】选A。drop out of school“辍学”。13. A. happenedB. promisedC. managedD. arranged【解析】选C。根据上下文:经过巨大的努力, 他成功(managed to)地建起了科学俱乐部。happen to do sth. “碰巧做某事”;promise to do sth. “许诺做某事”;arrange to do sth. “安排做某事”。14. A. peaceB. shareC. talentD. target【解析】选A。根据语境:他帮助使几个民族和宗教之间保持和平(peace)。share“分红, 份额”;talent“才能”;target“目标, 靶子”。15. A. In response toB. Regardless ofC. In honor ofD. Thanks to【解析】选D。根据上下文:多亏了(thanks to)他不知疲倦的努力, 他的学生取得了参加2019年在美国亚利桑那州举办的英特尔国际科学与工程博览会的资格。in response to“回应”;regardless of “不顾, 不管”;in honor of “为了纪念”。16. A. qualifiedB. preservedC. approvedD. mentioned【解析】选A。qualify“取得资格”;preserve“保护, 保留”;approve“批准, 赞同”;mention“提到”。17. A. fondB. proudC. ashamedD. tired【解析】选B。根据上下文:作为老师, 他很骄傲(proud), 在这么贫困的条件下, 他的学生能有资格参加国际级别的博览会。be fond of “喜欢”;be ashamed of“感到羞愧”;be tired of“感到厌倦”。18. A. turnB. getC. takeD. view【解析】选C。take sth. for granted“把看作理所当然的事情”。句意:我们缺乏许多学校认为是理所当然的设施。19. A. immediateB. practicalC. generalD. positive【解析】选D。根据上下文:作为老师我不仅想给我的国家而且给整个非洲带去积极的(positive)影响。immediate“立即的”;practical“切合实际的”;general“总的”。20. A. richB. youngC. oldD. poor【解析】选D。根据上下文:Tabichi计划用发给他的奖金来改善学校, 养活贫穷的(poor)人。. 语法填空阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。A wonderful example of our Zoo-wide Animal Wellness Initiative is the daily harvesting of grass or leaves for animals such 1. _koalas, giraffes, rhinos, and many more. By 2. _(continue) supplying natural, home-grown leaves, we can enrich the animals diets, stimulate their senses, 3. _ imitate how they would eat in the wild. Branches and leaves from different trees and bushes are provided to our animals every day. Look carefully and you will frequently see the animals 4. _(enjoy) their fresh food. 5. _(we) most significant animals are the koalas. Since these picky animals need three varieties of fresh Eucalyptus (桉树) daily, meeting their needs 6. _(require) daily cutting of 120 to 160 branches, each four to five feet long. We grow Australian native plants 7. _ are adapted to our climate very easily and their 8. _ (fall) leaves stop other plants from growing underneath, so they often grow alone. Eucalyptus trees take in large 9. _(amount) of water and have been used to help drain wet areas. Although this small garden will only 10. _ (harvest) two or three times a year, it demonstrates the diverse diet of our koalas. 【文章大意】本文是说明文, 介绍了澳大利亚一个为动物提供树叶的种植园。1. 【解析】as。考查介词。such as为固定搭配。2. 【解析】continually。考查词性转换。副词作状语, 修饰动词supplying。3. 【解析】and。考查连词。本句有三个并列谓语, 在最后一个并列谓语前要加and。4. 【解析】enjoying。考查现在分词。这里是see sb. doing sth. 结构。5. 【解析】Our。考查代词。此处需要形容词性代词作定语, 修饰animals。6. 【解析】requires。考查主谓一致。此处动词作谓语, 叙述一般情况, 为一般现在时;主语是动名词短语, 视作单数。7. 【解析】which/that。考查关系代词。定语从句修饰先行词plants。8. 【解析】fallen。考查过去分词。过去分词作前置定语, 修饰leaves, 意为“落下的叶子”。9. 【解析】amounts。考查名词复数。large amounts of为固定搭配。10. 【解析】be harvested。考查被动语态。此处动词作谓语, 在助动词will后面要用动词原形;garden与harvest之间为被动关系。【知识拓展】背景链接Zoo, also called zoological garden or zoological park, place where wild animals and, in some instances, domesticated animals are exhibited in captivity. In such an establishment animals can generally be given more intensive care than is possible in nature reserves or sanctuaries. Most long-established zoos exhibit general collections of animals, but some formed more recently specialize in particular groups. Russian police have started a new attempt to get drivers to slow down at zebra crossings by having painted horses as zebras walk across on the busiest stre