简单句并列句复合句.doc

简单句、并列句、复合句(Simple,Compound and Complex Sentence)根据语法形式，即句子的结构，英语的句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。1简单句：只含有一个主谓结构，而且句子的各个成分都由单词或短语组成。 简单句根据结构分为五种： （1）主语+谓语Eg. The disease has spread all over the world. Things change. 事物是变化的。 Nobody went. 没有人去。（2）主语+谓语+宾语Eg. I bought a new bike.We never beat children. 我们从来不打孩子。My sister will fix everything. 我姐姐会料理一切。（3）主语+谓语+间宾+直宾 这种句型可称为主谓宾宾结构，其谓语应是可有双宾语的及物动词，两个宾语一个是间接宾语，一个是直接宾语。常用于这种结构的词有： 间接宾语后置时，其前用介词to：give, show, send, bring, pass, lend, hand, tell, return, write, pay, throw, teach, promise, deny等 间接宾语后置时，其前用介词for：make, buy, do, fetch, get, paint, play, save, spare, order, look, sing, find, serve等 （4）主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语Eg. I saw him seated there. I found the book easy. 我发现这本书不难。（形容词easy作补语） I'll let him go. 我将让他去。（不定式go用作补语）注意动词不定式作宾补的情况： 带to的不定式 ask, tell, invite, force, oblige, get, beg, allow, wish, want, like, prefer, hate, encourage, advice, persuade, permit, remind, request, order, command, warn, cause 使役性动词have, make, let后要用不带to的不定式 感官动词see, watch, notice, observe, look at, listen to, hear, feel等后的宾补如果与宾语在逻辑上是主动关系，则用不带to的不定式或用现在分词形式；如果宾补与宾语在逻辑上是被动关系，则用过去分词作宾补。 Eg. I saw the window closed. （5）主语+系动词+表语系动词包括下面几种： 表示感觉、视觉的系动词 seem, appear, look, taste, smell, sound, feel等 表示变化的系动词 become, get, grow, turn, go, come, run, fall等 表示保持某种状态的系动词 be, stay, remain, keep, continue, stand, sit等 以上所有这些系动词都可以直接跟adj. Eg. Stand firm. Dont let them tell you what to do. (要坚定，别让他们对你指手画脚) 注意：有时两个或更多的并列主语拥有一个共同的谓语，甚至并列有两个主语和两个谓语，这样的句子仍然是简单句，Eg. China and other countries in the east Asia are developing rapidly.中国和东亚其它国家正在迅速地发展。（China and other countries并列主语） Mr. Wang and I often work together and help each other.王先生和我常在一起工作互相帮助。简单句根据使用目的（用途）分为四种： 1） 陈述句（肯定句、否定句） 2） 疑问句（一般反问句或者说否定疑问句、特殊、选择、反意附加疑问句） 3） 祈使句：表示请求、命令、劝告、建议、号召等 4） 感叹句：表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情，主要由what和how引导2并列句：由两个或两个以上的简单句并列在一起构成，常常由并列连词连接。 构成并列句的简单句常被叫做分句。并列连词前可以用逗号，也可以不用逗号。常用的并列连词有：and, but, or, so, yet, for, while, either or, neither nor, not only but (also)等。它们分别表示不同的关系： 平行关系：and, as well as, along with, bothand, not only but (also), neithernor. 转折关系：but, yet, however, nevertheless, while 选择关系：or, otherwise, rather than, eitheror 因果关系：for, so therefore, hence Eg. I agree with most of what you said, but I dont agree with everything. Think it over, and youll work out the problem. This is me and these are my friends. 有些副词如besides, moreover, otherwise, therefore等也可用在并列句中，而且它们前面常常用分号。 Eg. I dont want to go; besides, its getting dark. We must get up early tomorrow; otherwise well miss the first bus to the Great Wall. 并列分句间还可以直接用分号或冒号连接表示结果、对比、解释和补充等关系。如果想给人紧张、急促、明快、利落的感觉，有时也可以全用逗号。 Eg. Lets hurry; its getting late. He knocked at the door again and again: there was no answer. He is cruel, he is lustful, he is immensely cunning. 在实际应用中要注意并列句中的省略现象，并列句中的重复部分常省略。 （1）省略主语 Eg. He arrived in summer and (he) left in winter. Mary has written to Bob and (Mary) will write to Jack. （2）省略谓语或谓语的一部分 Eg. Mike likes biology, but Peter (likes) maths. 3复合句：由两个或两个以上的主谓结构构成的句子，通常由一个主句和一个分句构成。 在复合句中，主句是句子的主体，通常可以独立存在；从句是主句的一个句子成分，不能独立存在，但它也有主语部分和谓语部分。从句必须由关联词引导。 根据从句在主句中所发挥的语法功能（所作的句子成分）复合句可分为： 名词性从句： 宾语从句，主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句 形容词性从句：定语从句（限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句）副词性从句：状语从句（时间、地点、目的、原因、结果、方式、条件、让步、比较） 时间状语从句：when，whenever，as，while，before，after，until (till)，since，ever since，once，as soon as 地点状语从句： where（wherever） 原因状语从句： as，because，since，now（that） 条件状语从句： if（如果），unless（如果不），as(so) long as（只要），provided that（只要），on the understanding that（只要），in case（万一；假使；免得） 目的状语从句： so that，in order thatlest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that 比较状语从句： as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较) the more the more ; just as ， so; no more than; not A so much as B 结果状语从句： so . . . that，such. . . that，so that 让步状语从句： though（although），as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter ，in spite of ，the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever等引导。 方式状语从句：as, as if, as through简单句/并列句/复合句专练1.I dont suppose anyone will volunteer,?A.do I B.dont I C.will they D.wont they2.help if you can,and our country will improve more quickly and better.A.Giving B.Give C.Given D.To give3. Lucy,you wash the dishes, ? Mom,cant Lily do it? Its her turn to do it.A.dont you B.can you C.shall you D.will you4. I will not take an umbrella with me today. it rains later on in the day?A.How B.What C.How about D.What if5. You ought to stay up late tonight, you? Yes.Ive got too much homework.A.cant B.shouldnt C.mustnt D.wont6.Nothing can stop us from serving the people heart and soul,?A.can it B.cant it C.can they D.cant they7.There used to be a church in the small town,?A.used there B.usednt there C.used it D.usednt it8. She isnt your neighbour, is she? .A.Yes,she isnt B.No,she isC.Yes,she is D.No,isnt she9. to be a PLA soldier when I was young. And now you are.A.How I wanted B.How did I want C.What I wanted D.What did I want10. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,was very reasonable.A.which price B.the price of whichC.its price D.the price of that11. After ten years,she changed a lot and looked different fromshe used to be.A.that B.whom C.what D.who12.is known to everyone,the moon travels round the earth once every month.A.It B.As C.That D.What 13. Hes got himself into a dangerous situationhe is likely to lose control over the plane.A.where B.which C.while D.why14. Information has been put forwardmore middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A.while B.that C.when D.as 15. What the doctors really doubt ismy mother will recover from the serious diseasesoon. A.when B.how C.whether D.what 16. The students of the music school study .A. music but also some other subjectsB. some other subjects as well as musicC. music as well as some other subjectsD. some other subjects and music17.air is to man,so is water to fish.A.Since B.Just C.Like D.As18. There is plenty of rain in the south there is little in the north.A.while B.as C.when D.so 19.several times about it,but he could not give the correct answer.A.Being asked B.Having been asked C.He would ask D.He had been asked20. I dont like chicken fish. I dont like chicken,I like fish very much.A.and； and B.and； but C.or； but D.or； and21.the days went on,the situation there got worse.A.With B.Since C.While D.As22.everybody is here,lets set out right away.A.Now that B.Because C.For D.After 23. The science of medicine,progress has been very rapid lately, is perhaps the most important of all the sciences.A.to which B.in which C.which D.with which24.We must do the experiment carefully Miss Liu told us.A.what B.since C.as D.while 25. Tony will never forget these days she lived in China with her mother,has a great effect on her life.A.that； which B.when； which C.which； that D.when； that26.I know,they will go to Beijing to watch the Olympic Games in 2008.A.Since B.So far as C.In case D.As if27.Who do you think the doctor will havefirst,John or Kate?A.examine B.to examine C.examining D.examined28. What are you anxious about? .A. Whether we can succeed B. If we succeedC. Do we succeed D.That we can succeed29.You should put the dictionary you can find it easily.A.where B.the place C.the place on which D.what30.She said to me,“Ill tell you the result of the testI know it.” A.because B.the moment C.after D.though31.Grandpa used to tell us something about the“Cultural Revolution”he had time to spare. A.as soon as B.as C.so that D.whenever32.Li Fang is very busy,shes always helping others with their lessons.A.but B.although C.so D.for 33.Getting a right job can be difficult the students prepared to deal with the job interview.A.if；wont B.unless；will C.unless；are D.if；are34.Everything depends onthey will support you about it.A.if B.which C.whether D.that 35.She won the first prize in the speech contest and surprized us.A.which B.it C.as D.who 36.The Oscar is one of the film prizes offered to any Chinese actor or actress so far.A.which is not B.that have not been C.that has not D.that has not been37.He made another wonderful discovery, of great importance to science.A.which I think is B.which I think it is C.which I think it D.I think is38.Its really very dangerous.One more step,the baby will fall into the well.A.or B.so C.but D.and 39.She is American, she knows little about American history.A.so B.yet C.and D.therefore40.Information technology is taught in most schools,we have entered the information society.A.so B.while C.still D.for41. Helen must obey her parents. Oh,she must, ?A.must she B.mustnt she C.shouldnt she D.should she42.John must be in the chemistry lab, ?A.mustnt he B.neednt he C.isnt he D.shouldnt he43.It was quite a long time I made it out what had happened.A.after B.before C.when D.since 44.the text a second time,the meaning will become clearer to you.A.Read B.Reading C.If reading D.When you read45.does he do his work well, he helps others with their work. A.Not only；but also B.Neither；nor C.Either；or D.Both；and46.,so he didnt come to school last week.A.Though he was ill B.Being ill C.Having been ill D.He was ill47.She tried every way she could find to solve the problem.A.how B.in which C.that D.which48.Lily has some idea shes going to be when she grows up.A.what B.that C.as D.which 49.To play fair is as important as ,I think.A.to play well B.play well C.we play well D.playing well50.you go,you should bear the motherland in mind.A.Where B.Whenever C.However D.Wherever 简单句、并列句、复合句参考答案与简析1.C。 当主句为I don't thinksupposebelieve that.结构时，其附加疑问句要和从句的主谓保持一致，并注意否定的转移；anyone焥omeone焑veryone等不定代词可用they或he替代。 2.B。 这是一个由and连接的并列句，前半部分为祈使句表示条件，后半句表示结果。本题可解释为：If you give help you can，our country will.。 3.D。本题题干中是带有主语you的祈使句，表示吩咐，故用“will you？” 4.D。What if.为固定句型，意为“如果将如何呢？”。 5.B。 陈述部分的谓语由“ought to 动词原形”构成时，其附加问句中的助动词可用oughtnt/shouldnt 6.A。 陈述句部分含有表示否定意义的nothing一词，所以附加问句部分用肯定形式；另外，习惯用it来指代nothing焥omething焑verything等不定代词。 7.B。含有情态动词used to的there be句型，其附加疑问句可用usednt theredidnt there。 8.C。回答否定问句时，英汉有差异。 9.A。本句为感叹句式，how修饰谓语动词。 10.B。the price of which相当于whose price。 11.C。what hesheit used to be已经成为一种习惯说法，意为“过去的样子”。what指一种情况，并非指“人”，所以不能用whowhom。 12.B。本题考查as引导的非限制性定语从句。选项A应该构成It is known to everybody that.句式。 13.A。题中a dangerous situation是表示地点概念的名词，故其后要用关系副词where引导定语从句。 14.B。题意：更多的中学生毕业后将进入大学的信息已被提出来了。由于主句用了被动结构，抽象名词information被提前；主句后应是说明information的具体内容的同位语从句，从句中无须添加任何成分，故用that引导。 15.C。 What the doctors really doubt是主语从句，is后是一个表语从句。根据题意及doubt的特点，C是最佳选项。 16.B。用as well as连接两个并列成分时，意义上强调的是前者，而not only.but also强调的则是后者。故本题选B。 17.D。由as，just as引导的方式状语从句，有时也可放在句首，主句前常加so与之呼应，以加强语气，而且用倒装语序。本句可译为：空气对于人，犹如水对于鱼。 18.A。while意为“而，却”，表示两者的对比，这时它引导的是并列分句。 19.D。but是并列连词，因此前一部分应是个句子，而不可用现在分词短语。 20.C。在否定句中，并列成分的连接通常用or，构成完全否定；答语中前后两分句是一种转折关系，故用but连接。 21.D。as the days went onwith the days going on意为“随着日子一天天过去。”22.A。now（that）在此表示原因，意为“既然，由于”；because表示对方不知道的原因；for表示原因时，是并列连词，应放于句中。 23.B。句中介词in的选用和从句的主谓结构有关，即progress be rapid in，这里的in意为“在某一方面”，相当于rapid progress be made in。 24.C。as可表示方式，意为“按照，如，像”。 25.B。本题前一空考查的是引导限制性的定语从句的关系副词，表示时间要用when；后一空考查的是引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词，用which指代主句中定语从句的内容，并在从句中作主语。 26.B。so far as I know意为“据我所知”。 27.D。who可以代替whom在句中作have的宾语。 28.A。主句承前省略，答语只保留了宾语从句；由上下文情景可知A是最佳选项。 29.A。此处where 引导地点状语从句。 30.B。the moment意为“一就”，相当于as soon as。类似用法的连词还有：the minuteinstant；instantlyimmediatelydirectly等。 31.D。本题考查时间状语从句，表示“无论何时”，因此用whenever（no matter when）来引导从句。 32.A。根据题意应用连词but表示转折。 33.C。unless表示“除非，如果不”；be prepared to do意为“准备好做某事”。 34.C。介词之后的宾语从句不可用if引导，只能用whether。 35.B。由题干中的and可知全句为并列句，it指代上文的情况。 36.B。本题考查定语从句的引导词及从句的主谓一致问题。因为one前无thethe only，所以定语从句的先行词为the film prizes熣馐贝泳涞奈接镉酶词。 37.A。which为关系代词，I think为插入语。 38.D。本句为祈使句andor并列分句的句型。One more stepWalk one more step。 39.B。yet用作并列连词，可以表示转折或对照，意为“但是，然而”。与but相比语气稍弱。40.D。for用作并列连词，连接两个并列分句，后一分句起对前一分句进行进一步解释或推断的作用。 41.A。对某人的话表示讥讽或怀疑时，可以重复他的话，所以反意疑问句中的动词形式和陈述部分应一致；或者都用肯定形式，或者都用否定形式。 42.C。句中情态动词must表示对现在情况的肯定推测，所以附加疑问句的谓语应用be 的一般现在时形式。 43.B。在“Itbe时间名词beforesince从句”句型中，连词before与since极易混淆。用before引导时，句意是“过了多久才”，主句中的be动词为过去时或将来时态；用since引导时，其句意是“自从以来已经多久了”，主句中的be动词多为现在时（或现在完成时）或一般过去时（此时since从句要用过去完成时）。 44.D。选A项，错误在于分句间缺并列连词；选B项，错误在于主句的主语并非reading的逻辑主语。 45.A。Not only.but also连接两个并列分句时，not only分句需用倒装语序，其它关联词无此功能。 46.D。so连接表示因果关系的并列句。 47.C。由于定语从句中缺少宾语，故只能选C或D；先行词由every修饰时，关系代词要用that。 48.A。what引导同位语从句，在从句中作宾语。 49.A。当两个不定式表示对比关系时，to不可省去。 50.D。题意为“无论走到哪里，都要牢记祖国母亲”。wherever引导让步状语从句。