考研英语二真题全文翻译解析华明网校版.docx

精品名师归纳总结资料word 精心总结归纳 - - - - - - - - - - - -20XX 年全国硕士争论生入学统一考试英语（二）真题Section I Use of English可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Directions：Section I Use of English可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Read the following text. Choose the best word s for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. 10 pointsPeople have speculated for centuries about a futurewithoutwork.Today is no different ， with academics， writers， and activists once again 1 that technology isreplacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital ， and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A differentand notmutuallyexclusive 3 holdsthatthefuturewillbe awasteland of a different sort， one 4 by purposelessnes：sWithout jobs to give theirlives 5 ， people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6today s unemployed don t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americanswho have been unemployed for at least a year report having depressio，ndouble therate for 7 Americans. Also， some research suggeststhat the 8 for rising rates of mortality ， mental-health problems， and addicting9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesnt11 follow fromfindings like these that a world withoutworkwould be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work ， a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstances for thefuture of labor and leisure. Today， the 15 of work may be a bit overblown.“ Manyjobs are boring， degrading， unhealthy ， and a waste of human potential，” says John Danaher， a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days， because leisure time is relatively16 for most workers， peopleuse their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “ When I come home from a hard day ，s wI oorftken feel 18 ，” Daanher says， adding ， “ Ina world in which I don thave to work ， I might feel rather different ”perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.1. A boastingB denyingC warningD ensuring2. A inequalityB instabilityC unreliabilityD uncertainty3. A policyBguidelineC resolutionD prediction4. A characterizedBdividedC balancedDmeasured5. A wisdomB meaningC gloryD freedom6. A InsteadB IndeedC ThusD Nevertheless7. A richB urbanCworkingD educated可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结学习资料 名师精选 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 37 页 - - - - - - - - - -可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结8. A explanationB requirementC compensationD substitute9. A underB beyondC alongsideD among10. A leave behindB make upC worry aboutD set aside11. A statisticallyB occasionallyC necessarilyD economically12. A chancesB downsidesC benefitsD principles13. A absenceB heightC faceD course14. A disturbB restoreC excludeD yield15. A modelB practiceC virtueD hardship16. A trickyB lengthyC mysteriousD scarce17. A demandsB standardsC qualitiesD threats18. A ignoredB tiredC confusedD starved19. A offB againstC behindD into20. A technologicalB professionalC educationalD interpersonalSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.（40 points）Text 1Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley's world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.Parkrun is succeeding where London's Olympic "legacy" is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter,healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run up to 2021 but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at anaccelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours ofsport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2021 failed to "inspire a generation." The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidatingfor newcomers.Indeed, there is something a littleabsurd in the state getting involved in the可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结planningofsuch afundamentally"grassroots",conceptas communitysports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods making sure there is space forplaying fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successivegovernments have presided over selling greenspaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.21. According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has . Agained great popularityBcreated many jobs Cstrengthened community tiesDbecome an official festival22. The author believes that London's Olympic "legacy" has failed to . Aboost population growthBpromote sport participation Cimprove the city's image Dincrease sport hours in schools23. Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it . Aaims at discovering talentsBfocuses on mass competitionCdoes not emphasize elitism Ddoes not attract first-timers24. With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should . Aorganize "grassroots" sports eventsBsupervise local sports associationsCincrease funds for sports clubs Dinvest in public sports facilities25. The author's attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is . AtolerantBcritical CuncertainDsympatheticText 2With so much focus on children s use of screens, it's easy for parents to forget about可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结their own screen use.“ Tech is designed to really suck on you in,” says Jenny Ra in her study of digital play, "and digital products are there topromotemaximalengagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.”Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking attheir emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired to look at parentsfac es to try to understand their world, and ifthose faces are blank and unresponsiveas they often are when absorbed in a deviceit can be extremely disconcerting foe the children. Radeskycites the “ still face experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on ablank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomesincreasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother s attention. "Parents don' have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance andparentsneed tobe responsive andsensitive toa childvesrbalornonverbalexpressions of an emotional need," says Radesky.On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids' use of screens are born out of an“ oppressive ideology that demands rtehnattspsahouldalways be interacting” with their children:“ It s based on a somewhat fantasized, v white, very upper-middle- class ideology that says if you re failing to expose your childto 30,000 words you are neglecting them.” Tronick believt ebsecthaautsjeusa child isn t learning from the screen doesn t mean therespnaortvicaululaerlytoifitit gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from theirchild. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time.26. According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to . Asimplify routine mattersBabsorb user attention Cbetter interpersonal relations Dincrease work efficiency27. Radesky s -foteosdting exercise shows that mothers use of devices . Atakes away babies appetiteBdistracts children s attentionCslows down babies verebvael ldopment Dreduces mother-child communication28. Radesky s cites the“ still face experiment” to show that .可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Ait is easy for children to get used to blank expressions Bverbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchangeCchildren are insensitive to changes in their parents mood Dparents need to respond to children's emotional needs29. The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to . Aprotect kids from exposure to wild fantasiesBteach their kids at least 30,000 words a year Censure constant interaction with their children Dremain concerned about kid's use of screens30. According to Tronick, kid s use of screens may . Agive their parents some free timeBmake their parents more creative Chelp them with their homework Dhelp them become more attentiveText 3Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in afast-moving worldoftencauses students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn't it. And aftergoing toschool for 12 years, it doesn't feel natural to spend a year doingsomething that isnadetmacic.But while this may be true, itnost a good enough reason to condemn gap years. There's always a constantfear offallingbehindeveryone else onthesociallyperpetuated“ racetothe finishline,w”h etherthatbe towardgraduate school,medical school or lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap yeardoes not hinder the success of academic pursuits in fact, it probably enhances it.Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparingthem for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes all thingsthat first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment,making iteasier tofocus on academics and activities ratherthan acclimation blunders.If you're not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests,thenconsider its financial impacton futureacademic choices. According totheNational Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing theirmajors atleast once. This isn sturprising, considering thebasicmandatoryhigh school curriculumleaves students witha poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结after taking college classes. It nost necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game. At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.31. One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that . Athey think it academically misleadingBthey have a lot of fun to expect in college Cit feels strange to do differently from othersDit seems worthless to take off-campus courses32. Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps . Akeep students from being unrealisticBlower risks in choosing careersCease freshmen s financial burdens Drelieve freshmen of pressures33. The word“ acclimat（ionLine”8, Para. 3） is closest in meaning to . AadaptationBapplication Cmotivation Dcompetition34. A gap year may save money for students by helping them . Aavoid academic failuresBestablish long-term goals Cswitch to another college Ddecide on the right major35. The most suitable title for this text would be . AIn Favor of the Gap YearBThe ABCs of the Gap Year CThe Gap Year Comes Back DThe Gap Year: A DilemmaText 4Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management.In 2021, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fight