考研英语历真题阅读长难句句精析.docx

精品名师归纳总结考研英语历年真题阅读长难句100 句精析1. While warnings are often appropriate and necessary the dangers of drug interactions,for example and many are required by state or federal regulations,it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured.【译文】尽管警告经常是适当而且必需的比如对于药物相互作用的危急提出警告很多警告仍是按州或联邦政府规定要求给出的，然而 我们 并不清晰， 假如顾客受到损害时，这些警告是不是的确可以使得生产者和销售者豁免责任。【分析】在这个主从复合句中，it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured是主句。主句用了一个形式主语it ，真正的主语是 that 引导的从句，而that 从句之后是一个if 引导的条件从句。从句由两个部分组成，中间用 and 连接。破折号之间的部分是举例说明warnings 的内容。留意：many are required by state or federal regulations 中的 many 是指 many warnings 。2. Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport .【译文】由于人口猛增或大量人口流淌现代交通工具使大量人口流淌变得相对简洁所引起的各种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。【分析】句子主干结构是Additional social stresses may also occur because of.简洁句 + because of 表示的缘由状语，整句翻译应当依据先缘由后结果的原就，将主句放在最终。because of 后面有两个宾语the population explosion or problems 。名词 problems 带有现在分词短语作后置定语arising from mass migration movements 。 themselves 指前面的名词短语mass migration movements ，后面的过去分词短语是themselves 的定语。3. There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers,whichhelps explain why the“ standard templates” of the newsroom seem alien to many readers.【译文】新闻记者和读者之间存在着社会和文化方面的脱节，这就是为什么新闻编辑室的“标准模式”好像与很多读者的意趣相差甚远。【分析】主句也是一个there 加系动词的用法。而表语后都有一个定语从句。本句的定语从句是which helps explain why the“standard templates”of the newsroom seem alien to manyreaders。Alien本义为异国的， 此处是相差甚远， 背道而驰。假如考生不明白standard templates的意思，可以从上下文中找其相同作用和功能的词组，如上句中的a story line 和 backbone，那么就应当知道它们指的都是记者们在写新闻和评论时固定的套路和思维。4. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms,of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy.【译文】这种现象引起了人们对小型经济实体、民族商人的作用以及世界经济的最终稳固性的极大关注。【分析】全句的主干是This phenomenon has created serious concerns。人们的担忧实际包含两个方面 即句子的两个状语：一个是the role of smaller economic firms， of national businessmen ，另一个是the ultimate stability of the world economy。但是由于两个状语太长，建议在翻译时调整一下句子的结构，这样句子确定更通畅些。5. Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summerhomes,European travel,BMWs thelocations,placenames andname brandsmay change,but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结【译文】当然，人们现在对胜利及其标志的爱好好像并未比从前减弱。避暑别墅、欧洲旅行、 宝马车 它们的位置、 的名和商标可能会转变，但现在对这些东西的需求好像并未比一二十年前削减。【分析】 此处显现了两个比较级，less interested in success and its signs now than formerly和 less in demand today than a decade or two years ago 。另外要特殊留意句中的双重否定：一是 do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly ，一是 do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago。6. Instead,we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in amplesupply:thecriticofAmericanmaterialismwitha Southampton summerhome; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three star restaurants;the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life,whose own children are enrolled in private schools.【译文】相反，我们目睹了比以前任何时候都多的虚伪景观：美国物欲主义批判家在南安普顿拥有一幢避暑别墅，激进图书的出版商在三星级餐馆就餐，提倡终生参加民主制的新闻记者把自己的子女送进私立学校。【分析】本句的主句是we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles 。非限定性的定语从句 which now more than ever seem in ample supply修饰 spectacles。冒号后面的成分是三个 并列的名词性短语，其核心词分别是critic ，publisher 和 journalist 。spectacles 在文中意为 “壮丽景象”，有肯定的反讽意味。7. This does not mean that ambition is at an end,that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings,but only that,no longer openly honored,it is less openly professed.【译文】这并不意味着抱负已经穷途末路，人们不再感觉到它对人们的勉励了。而只是说明人们不再公开的以它为荣，更不愿公开的坦承了。【分析】 这是一个简洁句，主干是 this does not mean ，后面接了三个并列的 that 从句作 mean 的宾语。 在第三个宾语从句中， it 指代 ambition ，no longer openly honored 是插入语， 作该从句的状语。 that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings 意思是 that people are no longer stirred and prompted by ambition 。8. The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles;its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive.【译文】对抱负的攻击特别之多，而且观点不尽相同。公开为之辩解的就少之又少，而且并不为人留意，尽管他们并非一点吸引力也没有。【分析】此句是用分号隔开的两个并列句，后面的一个分句中有一个where 引导的定语从句，从整体上来修饰its public defenders ，只不过先行词用了where。9. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn't rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.【译文】对新闻媒介这种令人震动的不信任，其根源并非是报道失实或低下的报道技巧，而是记者与读者的世界观每天都发生着碰撞。【分析】本句的主干是一个notbut结构。留意这个结构引导的是两个方式状语。 其核心词分别是inaccuracy 和 the daily clash 。本句的主干是The astonishing distrust of the news media isn't rooted 。两个分词短语充当句子的状语。10. Luckily,ifthe doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster,a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles. Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s,when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers' misfortunes.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结【译文】幸好，假如门垫和炉子忘了提示你可能的危急，一切胜利的诉讼就会赔偿人 的缺失。 大约从 20 世纪 80 岁月初开头， 陪审员开头越来越多的裁定公司必需为其顾客的不幸负责。【分析】句子本身并不复杂，两个句子表达了人们的想法。在第一个句子中，ifthe doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster是指门垫或炉灶没有警示语。在其次个句子中， or so the thinking has gone是一个倒装结构，正常的语序应当是or the thinking has goneso或者说人们是这么想的。11. Ifit did,itwouldopen up its diversityprogram,nowfocused narrowlyon race and gender,and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook,values,education,and class.【译文】假如新闻界真的留意到了问题的关键，它就应当进一步开放其多样化项目，这个项目现在仍只单纯考虑招收不同种族和性别的员工，而进一步查找那些世界观、价值观、训练水平和社会阶层大相径庭的各种记者。【分析】本句是一个虚拟语句。it 代表上文提到的a troubled business，即“问题重重的新闻界”。主语it 跟了两个并列的谓语成分：一是would open up its diversity program ，二是wouldlook for reporters。reporters 后面跟了一个定语从句。now focused narrowly on race and gender 是插入语，作program 的定语。12. For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional,theproper formulation is,“ Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious.”【译文】对于这样的人，以及更多或许不太杰出的人而言，恰当的行为准就是：“不惜一切代价获得胜利，但要防止让人看出雄心勃勃。”【分析】For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional 是句子的状语，主语是 the proper formulation ，谓语是系动词is，表语是引号里的内容。13. Internationalaffiliates account for a fast-growingsegment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment.【译文】在那些对外开放并勉励外资的国家的经济中，跨国公司的分支机构已经成为经济领域中一个快速增长的生产部门。【分析】本句的主干是Internationalaffiliatesaccount fora fast-growingsegment of production in economies ，后面的that open up and welcome foreign investment是 economies 的定语从句。留意一些词汇的含义：affiliate 是名词，意为“分支机构”，此处是指在世界各的 都有分支的多国公司，并且是全句的主语。account for 是“ , 的缘由”。economies 在此处指经济领域的国家概念，因此用复数。14. I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs,lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers demands .【译文】我认为引起这场合并浪潮的最重要力气与导致全球一体化的力气是相同的：运输通信费用下降。贸易与投资障碍削减。市场扩大。 这一切都需要扩大业务往来满意消费者的需求。这对消费者只会有利而不会有害。【分析】本句是一个嵌套宾语从句，不过也并不难懂得。主句是I believe that ，that 后面是 Ibelieve 的内容。其次个宾语从句修饰的是same，即 the same that underlie the globalizationprocess。冒号的内容就进一步说明globalization process 的内容。15. Andshould one country take upon itself the role of“ defending competition” on issu that affect many other nations,as in the US vs. Microsoft case .可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结【译文】在那些将会影响很多其他国家的事情中，如美国政府与微软公司的诉讼案，一个国家是否应当担负起“爱护竞争”的责任了？【分析】此句的主干是should one country take upon itself the role，而 that affect many other nations 是 issues 的定语从句。 as in the US vs. Microsoft case 是 issues 的补语。 on issues是 take upon itself the role 的状语。留意在阅读本句的时候要抓住它本身是一个文句，另外，vs.的意思对正确懂得也很重要，它是指“对垒，对阵 ”，在法律的情形中就是“起诉，对簿公堂 ”的意思。16. Aneducation that aimsat gettinga student a certain kindofjobis a technical education,justified for reasons radically differentfrom why education is universally required by law.【译文】旨在使同学胜任某种工作的训练是职业训练，它存在的理由与法律所规定的普及训练之间有很大差别。【分析】这个句子的主语是Aneducation，后面that 引导的从句既是主语的定语，表 语是 a technical education 。过去分词justified 引导的短语修饰a technical education ，radically different from why education is universally required by law是 reasons 的后置定语。17. Rather,we have a certain conception of the American citizen,a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself.【译文】我们更应当具有的是作为美国公民的某种观念，这个公民人物假如不能很恰当的熟悉到自己的生存和幸福是如何受到自身之外的事物的影响，那么其公民特点就是不完整的。【分析】这个句子的难点在于懂得a certain conception of the American citizen ， 即 acharacteroutside of himlsf 。e 这里的a character 是指 the American citizen ，其后是一个who引导的定语从句。该定语从句是主从复合句，其中主句是who is incomplete ，if 引导条件从句，这个条件从句中的谓语动词assess跟了一个how 引导的宾语从句。18. Besides,this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours and where the economyis spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations.【译文】另外，在我们这么一个大国里，经济延展到这么多的州、涉及到这么多的国际公司，因而要依据数量培育出所需的各类专业人员是不大可能的。【分析】这里的主语this 指的是前面所说的professional training ，后面不定式短语中动词 produce 的宾语是professional，前面的成分是修饰这个词的短语，接着是的点状语，其中 country 带了两个修饰成分：前一个是形容词性的短语as large as ours，后一个是where 引导的定语从句，这个从句的主语the economy 有两个谓语动词：is 和 involves ，后面都用了相像的结构so many，表示强调。19. Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans,he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment although no one had proposed to do soand asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton PresidentHarold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning.【译文】他宣布自己反对使用这种非同平常的畜牧繁衍技术来克隆人类，并下令不准联邦政府基金用于做此类试验 尽管仍没有人建议这么做他仍请一个以普林斯顿大 学校长哈罗得·夏皮罗为首的独立的专家组在90 天内向白宫汇报关于制定有关克隆人的国家政策的建议。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结【分析】这是一个长句， 主语是 he，谓语是 ordered 和 asked。现在分词短语 Declaring thatto clone humans 作相伴状语， 其中又包含一个that 引导的宾语从句。Ordered 后跟了一个宾语从句， asked 后跟了一个名词短语，它由过去分词chaired 修饰， 其中含一个表示目的的不定式。20. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relativelyhigh profilecareer although,inthe manner of a disgraced governmentminister,I covered my exit by claiming“ I wanted to spend more time with my family”.【译文】一次侧面的不光明磊落的攻击损害了我的自尊，阻碍了我事业的进展，使我不得不抛弃了那份引人注目的工作，尽管表面上我仍要以一个蒙受屈辱的政府部长的姿势， 通过声称 “我只不过是想多和家人呆在一起”来掩盖我的退出。【分析】本句中 a lateral move 是主语， promoted 是谓语， that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress 是 a lateral move 的定语， although ，with my family是状语，其中逗号之间的in the manner of a disgraced government minister是插入语。21. Curiously,sometwo-and-a-halfyears and two novels later,myexperiment in what the Americans term“ downshifting” hamsytutirrneeddexcuse into an absolute reality.【译文】古怪的是，我在大约两年半的时间里完成两本小说之后，我这个被美国人称为“放慢生活节奏”的试验，却使我老掉牙的借口变成了确凿的现实。【分析】本句主干是my experiment. has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality 。留意其谓语是一个turn sth. into sth. 的结构。 前面两个逗号之间的是时间状语。留意抓句子的 主干， 其中主语的修饰部分in what the Americans term“downshifting 看”不懂可以跳过去。当然，假如我们对英语的预感较好，就可以推测downshifting一词的意思与驾驶骑车有关，在 这里，作者把生活比如为开车，因此舍弃对物质生活的热衷追求就像在开车时减档减速一样。22. But,fora small group of students,professional trainingmight be the way to go since well-developed skills,all other factors being equal,can be the difference between having a job and not.【译文】但是，对一小部分同学来说，职业训练也是条可取的路径。由于在其他因素相同的情形下，技能的娴熟是得到工作与否的关键。【分析】该句是个主从复合句，前面for 引导的短语表示的是对象，留意主句的表语the way 跟了一个不定式to go ，从句由 since 引导， 这个从句的主干结构是skillscan be the difference ，其中 difference 带了一个介词短语betweenand， and 后面的 not 可以补足为 not having a job 。all other factors being equal 是一个独立主格结构，在本句中作为插入短语，起到限制的作用。23. I have been transformed froma passionate advocate ofthe philosophyof“ haveitall ,”preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of She magazine,into a womanwho is happy to settle for a bit of everything.【译文】 我从一个 “全力以赴 ”的生活哲学在过去七年里林达·凯尔西始终在 女性杂志鼓吹这种生活方式的积极提倡者，一改而成为随遇而安的女人。【分析】该句的主干结构是I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of thephilosophy of“iht aavlle”into a wo。mparneached bymagazin是e 过去分词短语，作thephilosophy of“ have的it 定all语，插”在frominto 之中，造成了句子的割裂。翻译时，可把分词短语译成一个分句，其他照原文次序翻译。24. I have discovered,as perhaps Kelsey will after her much publicized resignation from theeditorship of She after a build up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of“ jugglin,ganydour life”可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结making the alternative move into“ downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.【译文】我发觉，舍弃那种“日夜操劳的生活”信念而挑选“放慢生活的节奏”会带来比金钱和社会位置更大的回报。凯尔西在长期经受庞大压力后，从惹人注目的女性杂志编辑部退出之后，唯恐她也将与我有同样的感觉。【分析】本句中 as perhaps Kelsey will引导的方式状语从句放到了主句的谓语动词discovered 与 that 引导的宾语从句之间，从而造成动宾之间的分割。as 引导的从句中省略了谓语动词discover，是为了防止重复。宾语从句中主语为abandoningand making并列的动名词短语。谓语为bring sth with sth 结构，只是因宾语过长，而把with 短语提前了。25. Tom came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which,in its strongest form,states that language imprisons the mind,and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far reaching consequences for the culture of a society.【译文】汤姆进而信任某种类似语言打算论的观点，其极端说法是：语言禁锢思维，语言的语法结构能对一个社会的文化产生深远的影响。【分析】句子的主干为Tom came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism。which 引导限制性定语从句，修饰linguisticdeterminism 。在由 which 引导的定语从句中，谓语动词states跟了两个宾语从句： 一是 that language imprisons the mind ，一是 and that the grammatical patterns socie。ty留意：句中 imprison the mind 不能译成 “把大脑 或思想 关进牢房 ”，只能译成 “禁锢思想 或思维 ”。26. These days the Net,which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail,is reshaping Donovans vocation as well.【译文】互联网已经转变了购书和寄信这样的日常活动，如今也正在转变多诺万所从事的职业。【分析】句子的主干是the Netis reshaping Donovans vocation，由 which 引导的非限定性定语从句which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sendingmail 用来补充说明the Net。27. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media,and with it,a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.【译文】反欢乐艺术的兴起几乎完全与大众传媒同步显现，而随之兴起了一种商业文化，在这种文化中，欢乐不仅是一个抱负，而且是一种意识形状。【分析】此句是一个简洁句，主干是The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass mediaa commercial culture 。withit 中 的 it 是 指 the emergence of massmedia。另外， in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology是一个定语从句，修饰a commercial culture 。28. Andthere are the townsfolkwho largely live off the tourists who come,not to see the plays,but to look at Anne Hathaways Cottage,