2022年反义疑问句用法归纳2 .pdf
反意疑问句用法完全归纳一、基本用法与结构反意疑问句由“陈述句 +简略疑问句”两部分组成,第一部分提出一种看法,第二部分用来质疑或表示证实。陈述部分与疑问部分的动词时态和动词性质应保持一致,而且肯定和否定形式彼此相反,即陈述部分为肯定式时,疑问部分用否定式,陈述部分为否定式时,疑问部分用肯定式:He likes English, doesn the?他喜欢英语,是吗?He doesn tlike English,does he? 他不喜欢英语,是吗?【注】1. 若陈述部分含有 seldom, hardly, never,few, nothing 等否定词或半否定词,其疑问部分要用肯式:He hasfew friends here, hashe?他在这儿几乎没什么朋友,是吗?Shesaid nothing, did she?她什么也没说,是不是?2.若陈述部分含有带否定前缀的词,疑问部分仍用否定式:It is unfair, isn tit?这不公平,不是吗?It is impossible, isn tit?那是不可能的,是吗?二、反意疑问句的主语问题1.基本原则:疑问部分的主语应与陈述部分主语一致,且只能是代词:Mary is a nurse, isn t she? 玛丽是护士,对吗?2.当陈述部分为 there be 句型 时,疑问部分仍用there 作“主语”:There was nothing in the room, was there?房间里什么也没有,是吗?3.当陈述部分的主语是 指示代词 时,疑问部分用 it, they 等代词:That is anew car, isn tit?这是一辆新汽车,是吗?4. 当 陈 述 部 分 的 主 语 是 复 合 不 定 代 词 时 , 若 陈 述 部 分 的 主 语 为somebody,someone, everyone, everybody, no one, nobody 等复合不定代词,其反意疑问句的主语在正式文体中用he,在口语或非正式文体中通常用they:Nobody was late, were they?没有一个人迟到,是吗?5.当陈述部分的主语是something, anything, nothing, everything 等复合不定代词时,其反意疑问句的主语要用it:Everything is ready, isn tit? 一切都准备好了吗?Nothing is important, is it?没有什么重要的,不是吗?三、陈述部分有动词 have 的反意疑问句1.当 have 为助动词时,其反意疑问句沿用同样的助动词:He hasalready left, hasn the?他已经离开了,是吗?2.当 have为实意动词时,要分两种情况: 若表示“ 所有” ,反意疑问句可以用have,也可以用 do:He hasa lot of friends here, hasn tdoesn the?他在这儿有许多朋友,是吗?但是若陈述部分用的是have 的否定式,反意疑问句用have还是用 do,取决于陈述部分的动词形式:He hasn tany money, has he?他没有钱,是吗?精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 5 页He doesn thave any money, does he? 他没有钱,是吗? 若表示“ 吃” 、 “玩”等意思,反意疑问句要用do:He hassupper at 5, doesn the? 他 5 点吃晚餐,是吗?He had agood time at the party, didn the?他在晚会上玩得很开心,是吗?3.当用于 have to 时,通常也有两种可能:若表示经常性的行为 ,则多用加助动词 do 的形式;若表示 特定的行为 ,则多用 have:He often hasto get up early, doesn the?他经常要早起,是吗?He hasto go to bed late tonight, hasn the?他今晚要迟睡,是吗?四、含情态动词的反意疑问句1.基本原则: 在通常情况下, 当陈述部分含有情态动词时,疑问部分会重复前面同样的情态动词:Hecan speak English,canthe?他会说英语,是吗?We shouldn tgo, should we?我们不应该去,对不对?2.当陈述部分含有must 时,要分两种情况: 若 must 表示“必须”或“ 有必要 ” ,疑问部分用 mustnt或 neednt:Youmust leave at once, mustn tneedn tyou?你必须 (有必要 )马上离开,是吗?但是若陈述部分有mustnt表示禁止,疑问部分要 must:Youmustn tlaugh, must you?你不准笑,知道吗? 若 must 表示推测,疑问部分 不能用 must,而应根据 must 后的动词结构采用相应的动词形式:He must be tired, isn the?他一定累了,是吗?五、陈述部分为祈使句的反意疑问句1.基本原则:若陈述部分为祈使句 ,疑问部分通常用 will you:Please help us, will you?请帮帮我们,好吗?Come with us, will you?同我们一起去,好吗?Dontforget to post the letter, will you?请别忘了寄信。2.当祈使句为 Let s时,疑问部分总是用shall we:Let sgo there together, shall we? 我们一起去,好吗?Let ssit under the tree, shall we? 咱们就坐这树下吧,好不好?3.当祈使句为Let us, 时,若表示 请求,疑问部分用will you,若表示 建议 ,疑问部分用 shall we:Let us know your address, will you? 请把你的地址告诉我们,好吗?Let us go swimming together, shall we?我们一起去游泳好吗?六、陈述部分为主从复合句的反意疑问句1.当陈述部分为主从复合句【主句+从句】时,疑问部分一般应与主句保持一致:He said that he didn tlike it, didn the?他说他不喜欢它,是不是?He knows where I live, doesn the?他知道我住什么地方,是不是?2.当陈述部分为I think (believe, suppose)that. 等时,疑问部分通常与 从句保持一致 (注意否定的转移 ):精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 5 页I think that it is too short, isn tit?我认为它太短了,对不对(它太短吗 )?I dontthink he will come, will he?我认为他不会来,对吗(他会来吗 )?【注】这类用法主要限于主语为第一人称且think 等动词为一般现在时的情形。七、反意疑问句其他几种用法1.当陈述部分是 I m时,疑问部分通常用aren t:I mwrong, aren t?我错了,是吗I molder than you, aren t? 我年纪比你大,对不对?2.当陈述部分是 I wish 时,疑问部分通常用mayII wish to go with them, may I?我想同他们一起去,可以吗?3.当陈述部分有 had better 时,疑问部分用 had:Hedbetter leave here, hadnthe?他最好离开这儿,是吗?4. 含 有 ought to 的 反 意 疑 问 句 , 陈 述 部 分 是 肯 定 的 , 疑 问 部 分 用shouldnt / oughtnt +主语。He ought to know what to do, oughtnt he? / shouldnt he?他应该知道怎么做,不是吗?5.陈述部分的谓语是usedto 时,疑问部分用 didnt +主语或 usednt +主语。He used to take pictures there, didnt he? / usednt he?6 陈述部分有 would rather +v.,疑问部分多用 wouldnt +主语 。He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldnt he?7.陈述部分有 Youdlike to +v. 疑问部分用 wouldnt +主语。Youd like to go with me, wouldnt you?8 . 感叹句中,疑问部分用be +主语。What colours, arent they?What a smell, isnt it?9.陈述部分由neither , nor, either or 连接的并列主语时,疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?10.并列复合句疑问部分,谓语动词根据邻近从句 的谓语而定。Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now,shouldnt he?11.带情态动词 dare 或 need 的反意疑问句,疑问部分常用need (dare ) +主语。We need not do it again, need we ?He dare not sayso, dare you?当 dare, need 为实义动词 时,疑问部分用助 动词 do +主语。Shedoesnt dare to go home alone, does she?12. 当陈述部分以 one不定代词做主语时,附加问句的主语在正式常场用one,非正式场合用 he。One should learn from others, shouldn tone / he?One cantbe onesown master, can one?One can not be too careful, can one?精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 5 页13. 当 陈 述 部 分 是I m sure that, ; we are sure ; I m afraid that ;We are sure that;I feel sure that 等后面跟宾语从句时,反意疑问句与后面的宾语从句一致。14. 当陈述句的主语为each时, 反意疑问句的主语用he。Eachhashis strong points, hasn the / doesn the? 15. 当陈述句的主语为eachof us,eachof you, eachof them 时, 反意疑问句的主语用 we, you, they。Eachof us has been here, haven twe?Eachof them has an English dictionary, haven tthey?16.当陈述句的主语为eachof 结构时,反意疑问句的主语用he ,she,it 强调个体 , 用 we, you, they 强调全体 。Eachof these novels is to be discussed this term, isn tit?Eachof us have got the prize, haven twe?17. 陈述句主语为 such时,反意疑问句的主语单数用it,复数用 they。Suchis his trick, isn tit?Suchare your excuses,aren tthey?18. 在none of结构中,如 of 后的名词或代词是单数,后面的主语也为单数,这种情况,主要由于of 后的名词或代词为不可数名词.None of it is here, is it?19. 当 陈 述 句 部 分 是there usedto be 结 构 时 , 反 意 疑 问 句用 wasn t(werent) there。There used to be three pine trees in the yard, weren tthere?There used to be shop at the corner of the street, wasntthere?习题一、构成形式:“肯定的陈述部分否定的附加疑问句“或”否定的陈述部分肯定的附加疑问句”1. Sheis a singer,_? (2005 年重庆)A. doesn tsheB.hasn tsheC.isn tshe2.(改为反意疑问句)Melissa got a birthday present. (2005 年四川)Melissa got a birthday present, _ _?答案: 1. C 2. Didntshe二、 反意疑问句的答语:回答若为肯定句则前为 “Yes ” , 若为否定句则前用“No” 。如果前边的陈述句为否定句,其回答应“实事求是”1. Catsare as big astigers, aren tthey? _. (2005 年江苏南通)A.Yes,they areB.No they aren t C.Yes,they aren t D. No, they are2. Youwill go swimming this Saturday,wont you? _. I have to work this Saturday.( 2005 年四川省)A.Yes , I willB.Yes,I wontC.No, I wont答案: B C精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 5 页三.陈述句中如有否定词hardly, never, few, little , no, nobody, nowhere, nothing等时,附加疑问句要用肯定形式1.(变反意疑问句).There is little milk in the bottle.There is little milk in the bottle , _ _?2.(改为反意疑问句)The old man canhardly dress himself.The old man can hardly dress himself, _ _ ?3. (改为反意疑问句)Jim snever come to school late, _ _?4. (改为反意疑问句)Miss King hardly spoke aword the whole time.Miss king hardly spoke a word the whole time , _ _ ?答案: 1. is there 2. can he 3. has he 4. did she四、陈述句中如有have 时,须注意 have 若是实义动词,附加疑问句可用have形式,也可用 do 形式;当陈述句中的have是助动词时,附加疑问句要用do的适当形式1. (改为反意疑问句)Bruce sjust come back from England.Bruce sjust come back from England, _ _ ?2. Hissister had a bad cough,_she?A. wasnt B. doesn tC.hadnt D.didn t答案: 1. Hasn the2. D五、陈述句是 there be句型时,附加疑问句的主语用thereThere is some water in the bottle ,isn t_?A. thereB. itC.that答案: A六、陈述句如果是祈使句,附加疑问句常用will you 或 wont you 等使语气变得委婉。但以 lets 开头的祈使句, 附加疑问句要用shallwe; 而以 let us 开头的祈使句则用 will you1. Let sgo and play football , _? That swonderful.A. will youB.do youC. wontweD. shall we2. (改为反意疑问句)Let shave adiscussion about it.Let shave a discussion about it,_ _.答案: 1. D 2.shall we特别提示当陈述部分含有宾语从句时, 附加疑问部分应与主句的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系。但当陈述部分的主句是I think(believe/ suppose) 等结构时,附加疑问部分应与从句的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系,并注意否定转移。如:Peter says(that ) I did it, doesnthe?I think (that ) shesserious, isn tshe?精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 5 页