人教出版高级中学英语必修2重要资料词汇资料,短语,句型,语法全套汇编.doc

,.人教版高中英语必修2重点词汇、短语、句型、语法大全Unit1 Cultural Relics【重点词汇、短语】1.survive 幸免，生存，生还2.in search of 寻找3.select 挑选4.design 设计，图案，构思5.fancy 奇特的，异样的，想象6.decorate 装饰，装潢7.belong to 属于8.in return 作为回报9.at war 处于交战中10.remove 移动，搬动11.less than 少于12.doubt 怀疑13.worth 值得的，相当于的价值14.take apart 拆开15.explode 爆炸16.sink 下沉，沉下17.think highly of 高度评价【重点句型】1. There is no doubt that 毫无疑问 2. when的用法was/were doingwhen 正在做某事这时was/were about to do when. 将要做某事这时had just donewhen 刚做完某事这时3. China is larger than any other country in the world. (同一范围内的比较)Sheruns faster than anymanin Greece. （不同范围内的比较）4. the way的用法The way_ he explained to us was quite simple. (that/which/省略)The way _ he explained the sentence to us was not difficult. (that/in which/省略)5. worth的用法be (well) worth doing sth （很）值得做某事be worthy to be done= be worthy of being done Its worthwhile to do sth= its worthwhile doing sth6. “疑问词+ to do” 结构，在句中做主语、宾语、表语How to do itis a question. I dont know what to do next.7. it做形式主语It has been proved that pride goes before a fall.事实证明骄必败。8. what 引导主语从句，在从句中作主语What he has saidis of great importance.What happened to himremained unknown.【语法总结】非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明（注：通常和主句间用逗号隔开，不受主句句子结构的影响，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的六点区别区别一：形式不同限定性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，口语中使用时也不停顿；而非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开，口语中使用时有停顿。区别二：功能不同限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清；而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。如：People who take physical exercise live longer. 进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义)His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。(若把从句去句子意义仍然完整)区别三：翻译不同在翻译定语从句时，一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，而把非限定性定语从句与主句分开。如：He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的那个人。Ive invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。区别四：含义不同比较下面的两个句子：I have a sister who is a doctor. 我有一个医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个)I have a sister, who is a doctor. 我有一个姐姐，她是当医生的。(只有一个姐姐)区别五：先行词不同限定性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词，而非限定性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子；另外，当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时，通常要用非限制性定语从句，而不用限制性定语从句。如：Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得开车很快，这是很危险的。(which指drive too fast)He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 他改变了主意，这使我很生气。(which指整个主句)区别六：关系词不同关系词that和why可用于限制性定语从句中，通常不用于非限制性定语从句；另外，在限制性定语从句中，关系词有时可以省略(参见本章有关内容)，而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不省略。Unit2 The Olympic Games【重点词汇、短语】1.compete 比赛，竞争2.take part in 参加，参与3.stand for 代表，象征，表示4.admit 容许，接纳，承认5.as well 也，又，还6.host 做东，招待，主人7.replace 代替8.charge 收费，控诉in charge 主管，看管9.advertise I做广告，登广告10.bargain 讨价还价，讲条件，便宜货11.one after another 一个接一个地12.deserve 应受（报答或惩罚）13. deserve的用法deserve to do sth 应该做/值得做 deserve doing = deserve to be done 值得(doing 表被动意义)Your suggestion deserves to be considered = deserves considering.（ 用法相似的动词：need/want/require doing= need/want/require to be done 需要.）14. take part in : 参加有组织的、重大的活动join in 参加正在进行的活动join: 参加团体，党派和组织，成为其中的一员（join the army; join the party）attend: 出席，参加，后跟 meeting，wedding，class, course等【重点句型】1. nor/neither + 助动词/be/情态动词 + 主语：表示“也不这样”I have never been abroad, and neither/nor has he.If you dont go to the party, nor will I.2. So+情态动词/助动词/be动词+主语 ：表示“.也是的一样的”, 强调后者同前者肯定情况一样。3. So+主语+情态动词/助动词/be动词：表示 “的确如此”,对前面情况的肯定。4.not onlybut (also) 不但.而且.Women are not only allowed, but play a very important role in gymnastics.(1) 引导并列结构：引导主语时，谓语动词 就近原则。(2) 引导并列句时，not only句倒装，即前倒后不倒。Not only did they take photos, but also they had a bid dinner. 【语法总结】被动语态一. 概念：主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 二. 各种时态被动语态的形式1. 一般现在时的被动语态 am/is/are + done2. 一般过去时的被动语态 was/were + done 3. 一般将来时的被动语态 will be done is/am/are going to be done4. 现在进行时的被动语态 is/am/are + being + done表示说话人说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作，经常和时间副词now (现在), right now (现在, 此刻), at present (现在,目前), at this moment (此刻)连用。5.现在完成时的被动 have/has been done现在完成时常与already, always, often, ever, never, yet, not.yet, just等不表示明确的时间副词连用, 还可以和表示时间一直延续到目前的带(ever )since, for的状语及包括现在在内的词连用。如: now, today, this month, this year, recently, these days，many times, so far, by now, in the past/last few days/years 等。 6. 过去完成时的被动 had been done7. 过去将来时的被动 would be done8. 过去进行时的被动 was/were being done9. 带情态动词的被动语态 情态动词 + be done10. 动词不定式的被动式 to be done e.g. It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here.三. 注意事项1. 并不是所有动词都有被动语态happen, take place, break out, belong to, cost, last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。2. 短语动词、固定搭配变被动语态介词或副词不能省。 E.g. Time should be made full use of. 3. 双宾语：一个宾语成主语，另一主语保留不变。 E.g. Mother will buy me an iphone5. I will be bought an iphone5 (by my mother) . An iphone5 will be bought for me (by my mother) .Unit3 Computers【重点词汇、短语】1.solve 解决；解答2.fromon 从.时起3.as a result 结果4.sothat 如此以至于5.explore 探索，探测，研究6.anyhow 无论如何，即使如此7.goal 目标，球门，得分8.human race 人类9.signal 发信号，信号10.type 类型，打字11.in a way 在某种程度上12.arise 出现，发生13.with the help of 在.的帮助下14.electronic 电子的15.deal with 处理16.watch over 看守，监视17. rise/arise/arouse/raise的区别单词词性及意义过去式过去分词现在分词arise(vi. )出现,发生arosearisenarisingarouse(vt. )唤醒,激起arousedarousedarousingrise(vi. )升起,上升roserisenrisingraise(vt. )举起,饲养raisedraisedraising【重点句型】1. certain和sure的句型sb. be sure/certain of= sb. be sure/certain that从句：某人确信be sure/certain to do sth. 肯定会做Its certain that从句 肯定会例如： Its certain that he will succeed.=Hes sure/certain to succeed.他肯定会成功的。Im sure/certain of his success.= Im sure/certain that he will succeed. 我确信他会成功的。2. 主语+ be + adj + to do The question is easy to answer.3.状语从句的省略在when, while, if, unless, though, once等引导的状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致, 且从句中的谓语含有be动词时, 为了使句子简洁, 可省略从句中的主语和be动词。While playing in the snow, the two pandas had great fun.Unless invited, he has decided not to attend that activity.【语法总结】现在完成时的被动语态（详见第二单元）Unit4 Wildlife protection【重点词汇、短语】1.die out 灭亡、逐渐消失2.hunt 打猎，猎取3.in peace 和平地，安详地4.in danger of 在危险中5.in relief 如释重负，松了口气6.burst into laughter 突然笑起来7.protectfrom 保护不受之害8.contain 包含，容纳，容忍9.affect影响，感动，侵袭10.pay attention to 注意11.appreciate 鉴赏，感激12.succeed 成功，接替13.employ 雇佣，利用14.harm 危害15.bite 咬，叮16.come into being 形成，产生17.inspect 检查，视察18.according to 按照，根据19.so that 以至于【重点句型】1. succeed in doing sth 成功的做某事 succeed to sth 继承某事 2. under construction/discussion 正在被建设/讨论 in use 正在被使用3. do harm to sth = be harmful to sth 对有害 there is no harm in doing sth 做某事无害4. be used to do sth 被用来做used to sth 过去常常做.be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事 5. It wont be long before 过不了多久就会6. take measures to do sth 采取措施做某事7. with的复合结构： with + n/pron + adj/adv/ 介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式With a lot of problems to settle, she cant go out. （将来）With time going by, he is getting along well with his English. (主动，进行)With the work done, he can go out. （被动，完成）【语法总结】现在进行时的被动语态（详见第二单元）Unit5 Music【重点词汇、短语】1.roll 滚动，摇晃，卷，2.dream of 梦见，梦想3.to be honest 实话说4.attach 系上，附加attach to 认为有（重要性、意义）5.form 组成，形成，构成6.earn 赚，挣得7.perform 表演，执行，履行8.in cash 用现金，有现钱9.play jokes on 戏弄10.rely on 依赖，依靠11.be/get familiar with 熟悉12.or so 大约13.break up 打碎，分裂14.in addition 另外15.sort out 分类16.above all 最重要，首先【重点句型】1. dream of/about 梦想做2. to be honest= honestly speaking = to tell the truth 说实话3. form the habit of. 形成习惯 in the form of 以形式4. I would appreciate it if 如果我将不胜感激.go wrong 出故障 come up with 提出 make up 构成；编造 a5. as is often the case 情况通常如此6. It looks as if it is going to rain.（真实语气：很有可能发生）He treats me as if I werea stranger. (虚拟语气：与现在事实He talked about Rome as if he had beenthere before. (虚拟语气：与过去事实相反)【语法总结】prep+which/whom引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词后面的宾语时,有时可把介词提到关系代词的前面，但这时如果先行词是人，要用“介词+whom”引导定语从句；如果先行词是物，要用“介词+which”引导定语从句。且关系代词都不能省略。Eg: 1. The girl whom I borrowed the bike from is my friend.2. The girl from whom I borrowed the bike is my friend.3. How is the film about which I often talked to you?4. Is this the room in which Mr. Smith lives?注意：一些固定的含有介词的短语动词在定语从句中不能拆开，即不能把介词放关系词前。1. This is the bag which he is looking for .2. The old lady whom she is looking after is her teacher.