仁爱英语九年级上下册语言知识学习知识点汇编.doc

-/仁爱英语九年级上下册语言知识点汇编Unit 1 The Changing WorldTopic 1 China has developed rapidly in recent years.1. take place 发生 eg: Great changes have tanken place in my hometown.2.Though I had no time to travel, I still felt very happy this holiday! 尽管我没时间去旅游，但这个假期我仍然感到很愉快。 though 从属连词，用来引导让步状语从句，表“虽然；尽管”，不能与but连用。如： Though he is poor, he is happy. = He is poor, but he is happy. 尽管他很贫穷，但是他很快乐。 3.Could you please tell me something about Chinese teenagers? 请告诉我一些有关中国青少年的一些事情好吗？ Could /Would you please (not) do sth？请（不）做某事好吗？ eg: Could you please turn down your radio? 请把收音机声音调低好吗？ Would you please not play football here? 请不要在这儿踢球好吗？ 4.Parents couldnt afford education for their children. 父母供不起孩子上学。 afford 常与can, could 或 be able to 连用，尤其用于否定句或疑问句，表“负担得起（做）某事；抽得出（时间）” “(cant/ couldnt) afford (to do) sth.” eg: We cant afford (to buy ) this house because we dont have enough money. 我们买不这房了，因为我们没有足够的钱。 eg: He felt he couldnt afford any time to play football. 他觉得自己没有时间踢球了。 5.Our government gives support to poor families. 我们的政府能为贫困家庭提供帮助。 give support to sb.= give sb. support 为某人提供帮助/ 支持 support作动词时表“供养；支持；支撑”， eg: She had to support her family at the age of ten. 她十岁时就得养家。 His parents supported him in his decision.他的父母支持他的决定。 The two sticks support the tree. 两根木棍支撑着这棵树。 6.Why not go and search the Internet for some information? 为什么不上网查找相关信息呢？ search sp. for sth. 搜查某地寻找某物 search sb. for sth. 搜身查找某物 search for sth./ sb.= look for sth./ sb. 搜寻某物/ 某人；eg: The villagers searched the woods for the lost children.村民们在树林里寻找失踪的孩子们。 The police searched the man for the stolen money. 警察搜那个男人的身，查找被偷的钱。 He is searching/ looking for his missing keys. 他在寻找他丢的钥匙。 7.We often went hungry because the boss didnt give us enough food to eat. 我们经常挨饿，因为老板不给我们足够的食物。 在这里是系动词，表“变得”,后跟形容词,构成系表结构. eg: The food on the table went bad. 桌面上的食物变坏了. 8. One part was used to help support my family, to help send my elder brother to school. a)one partthe other (part) 一部分另一部分 b)elder brother 哥哥 elder 作形容词时, 是old的比较级, 一般表示家庭成员出生的顺序,在句中只能作定语,可与than连用; 而older表年龄的比较,可与 than连用. 如: His elder sister is two older than he. 他的姐姐比他大两岁. 作名词时, 表 “ 长者; 前辈; 祖先”, 如: Their customs were handed down by the elders. 他们的风俗习惯是由他们的祖先传下来的. 9. But China has developed rapidly in recent years. 但是近年来,中国发展迅速. in recent years 表 “近年来”,常与完成时连用. 如: She has learnt a lot of knowledge in recent years. 近年来,她学到了许多知识. 10. China has made such rapid progress. 中国已经取得如此迅速的进步。 progress 为不可数名词make progress 取得进步 make some/ much/ great progress 取得一些/ 许多/ 巨大的进步 11. What has happened to Beijings roads now? 现在北京的公路发生了什么变化？ sth. happen to sb. 某人发生了某事，如： eg: If anything happens to him, let me know. 万一他有什么不测，就请通知我。 A little accident happened to her yesterday. 昨天她发生了点小意外。 12. They express the rich culture of China as well. 他们也表达了丰富的中国文化。 as well, too, also均表“也；又”； as well 多用于口语，只用于句末，不用逗号隔开； too 多用于口语，用于句末，要用逗号隔开； also 较正式，不用于句末； either 用于否定句，表“也不”，与too 对应。eg: He likes sports as well. = He likes sports, too. = He also likes sports. 他也喜欢运动。 He didnt come, either. 他也没来。 13.keep in touch with 和保持联系 eg: Nowadays，we keep in touch with each other by sending e-mails.14.复习现在完成时 Topic 2 What has happened to the population?1. I really hate to go such a place . 我真讨厌去购物。 - So do I . 我也是。 So do I .为倒装句，表示前面提到的肯定情况也同样适合另外一个主体，表“某某也一样”，结构为“so + be /情态动词/ 助动词 + 主语”。 eg: Jim is a student, so is Tom. 吉姆是一名学生，汤姆也是。 Jim can swim, so can Tom. 吉姆会游泳，汤姆也会。 Jim likes sports, so does Tom. 吉姆喜欢运动，汤姆也喜欢。 如表前面不怎样，后面“也不”怎样时，其结构为“ neither/ nor + be /情态动词/ 助动词 + 主语”。eg: Jim wasnt Chinese, neither/ nor were they.吉姆不中国人，他们也不是。 Jim cant speak Japanese, neither can I .吉姆不会说日语，我也不会。 Jim didnt go there, neither did I .吉姆没去那儿，我也没去。 如前后两句表达的是同一个主体，则不能倒装，表“的确如此”。如： eg: Jim is a good student. So he is. 吉姆是一名好学生，的确如此。 Jim swims well. So he does. 吉姆游泳很好，的确如此。 2At that time, China was the country with the largest population in the world. 那时，中国是世界上人口最多的国家。 population为不可数名词，表示人口的多少只能用 “large”或 “small”修饰，提问人口用“what”, 如： eg: The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. 上海的人口比北京多。 Whats the population of China?= How many people are there in China? 中国的人口有多少？ 3. Great changes have taken place in China. 中国发生了巨大变化。 take place 指必然性的“发生”或有计划、安排之内的“举行”。如： eg: The meeting will take place next Friday. 会议将在下周五举行。 happen 指偶然的、没有预料的“发生“，其结果往往给人带来不幸或麻烦。如： eg: The accident happened yesterday. 事故发生在昨天。 两者都不用于被动语态。 4. The population has increased a lot. 人口增长发很多。 increase 可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。其含义是“增长，增加，加强”等。 increase by 指“增加了”; increase to指 “增加到” 5. and about one fifth of the people in the world live in China. 而且世界上大约五分之一的人口生活在中国。 one fifth 是分数表达法。英文分数表达法：分子为基数词，分母为序数词，先读分子后读分母。当分子大于1时，分母的序数词则变为复数，直接在词尾加“s”。eg: one fourth 四分之一； three fourths 四分之三； one second 二分之一； two thirds 三分之二 注：分数修饰名词作主语，谓语动词要和所修饰的名词保持一致。6It has worked well in controlling Chinas population. 它在控制人口数量方面取得了显著的功效。 work well in doing sth. 表“在方面很有功效”, eg: Doing eye exercises works well in protecting our eyesight.（视力） 做眼保健操在保护视力方面很有功效。 7. Because of our large population, we are short of energy and water. be short of 表 “缺乏” eg: She is always short of money at the end of every month. 每个月底她总是缺钱。 be short for 表“是的缩写”, eg: TV is short for television. TV是television的缩写形式. 8. Can all Chinese families offer their children a good education? 所有的中国家庭都能给他们的的孩子提供良好的教育吗？ offer 表“（主动）给予，提供” offer sb. sth. “提供某人某物”如：I offered him a glass of wine. 我敬了他一杯酒。offer to do sth. “（主动）提出做某事”如：She offered to cook for her mother. 她提出帮她妈妈煮饭。8.be strict with 对要求严格eg：Our teachers are strict with us.9.I cant go shopping in big stores unless I travel for a couple of hours.我得花几个小时，才能到大的商场购物。a) unless = if not 表“除非; 如果不”，引导条件状语从句。 eg: I wont go unless I hear from you. = I wont go if I dont hear from you.如果你不通知我，我就不去。 Unless Bill studies hard, hell fail in the exam. 如果比尔不努力, 他不会通过考试的.b) a couple of 表 “几个人或几件事”, eg: a couple of years ago 几年前; a couple of students 几个学生 couple 指任何两件同类的东西;如: a couple of watches 两只手表； five couples of cats 五对猫 pair 指两件不可分开使用的东西,它们可指两件互不相连的东西(鞋子、袜子等)，也可指两部分构成的一件东西（裤子、剪刀等）。如： a pair of shoes 一双鞋子 a pair of pants 一条裤子10.on / about 关于on：关于（学术性较强）eg：He is writing a book on medicine.about：He is telling us a story about heroes.11.take measures 采取措施 Eg: China has take measures to reduce the pollution.四、重点语法现在完成时常与下列表不明确的状语连用：1already 和 yetalready “已经”（多用于肯定陈述句），如： He has already gone home. 他已经回家了。yet “已经; 还”（用于否定句或疑问句），如：Have you found him yet? 你已经找到他了吗？I havent finished my homework yet. 我还没完成作业。 already 也可用于疑问句，表“出乎意料或惊奇” Have you finished your homework already? 难道你已经完成作业了？2ever 和 neverever “曾经”（多用于疑问句，问初次经历），如：I have ever been abroad. 我曾出过国。never“从未；从来不”（多用于否定陈述句），常回答ever的句型。如：I have never seen him before.-Has he ever been abroad? 他曾出过国吗？-No, never. 不，从来不。3just just “刚刚”（多用于肯定句，位于谓语动词之前），如：I have just tried to call you. 我刚刚打电话给你。4beforebefore “之前”（一般位于句末；常与never呼应），如：He says he has never seen such beautiful scenery before. 他说他以前从来没看过这么美的风景。Topic 3 The world has changed for the better.1. Well, once they find people in need, they decide on suitable ways to help them.他们一旦发现有人需要帮助，就选定适当的方式来帮助他们。a) once 是从属连词，表“一旦就”,它的从句为现在时态(包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时)，主句则为一般将来时。或者主从句均为过去的某种时态。 eg: Once you become interested in playing computer games, youll have trouble giving them up. 一旦你迷上了电脑游戏，你就很难放弃它。b) decide on (doing ) sth. 决定（做）某事，相当于 decide to do sth. eg: They decided on spending the holiday in Hainan. 他们决定在海南度假。 = They decided to spend the holiday in Hainan.2. The government provides homeless people with nice homes. 政府向无家可归的人们提供舒适的住处。 provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb. 提供给某人某物eg: The school provided the students with food. 这所学校为学生们提供食物。 = The school provided food for the students.3. I think its a wonderful place to live in. 我认为那是一个居住的好地方。to live in 是动词不定式，用来修饰前面的名词place. 在不定式中，如动词为不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后必须跟上相应的介词。 eg: There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么可担心的事。 I need a pen to write with. 我需要一只笔写字。4. It is famous because it has been so successful in helping homeless people return to normal lives.它很出名是因为它已经成功地帮助无家可归的人重新过上正常的生活。 be successful in doing sth. 成功地做成某事，相当于 succeed in doing sth. 如：eg: He was successful in passing the exam. 他成功地通过了考试。 They were successful in climbing Mount Huang. 他们成功地登上了黄山。5In the past sixteen years, Project Hope has raised about 3 billion yuan.在近十六年来，希望工程已筹集了大约30亿元。 in the past + 若干时间，表“近若干时间来”，用于现在完成时。 eg: They have learnt about 500 English words in the past two months. 近两个月来，他们已经学习了大约500个英语单词。6.复习直接引语和间接引语和构词法Unit 2 Saving the earthTopic 1 I cant stand the environment here.1.I cant stand the environment here. 我无法容忍这儿的环境。stand 表“容忍；忍受”，后接名词、代词及动名词做宾语。eg: I cant stand that man, he talks too much. 我忍受不了那个人了，他话太多了。 I cant stand waiting any longer. 我再也等不了了。2.What do you mean by sth. ? 某物是什么意思呢?= Whats the meaning of sth ? = What does sth. mean?3.I hope I can move from here soon. 我希望我能早点从这儿搬走。当主从句主语一致时，常可转换成不定式短语 = I hope to move from here soon. 我希望早点从这儿搬走。4There are several chemical factories pouring waste water into the river. 有几座工厂正往河里排放污水。 There be + sb. / sth. + doing sth. 表有某人/ 某物正在做某事。eg: There are some birds singing in the tree. 树上有些鸟儿在歌唱。 There is a little girl crying in the street. 街上有个小女孩在哭。5stop doing sth. 停止做（正在进行的）事stop to do sth. 停下来去做（另一件）事eg: Its late. They will stop working and (stop) to have supper. 很迟了。他们将停下来吃晚饭。 The students stopped talking and to listen to the teacher. 学生们停止说话去听课。6Im sorry for making so much noise. 很抱歉我弄出这么大的噪音。 be sorry for doing sth. 表对做过的事感到抱歉 be sorry to do sth. 表对当前的事感到抱歉 eg: Im sorry for waking you up yesterday. 很抱歉昨天把你弄醒了。Im sorry to trouble you. 很抱歉打扰你了。Im sorry to hear that. 听到那个（消息）感到很遗憾。7 Recently it was reported that many teenagers in America can hear no better than 65-year-old people do,近来据报道，美国许多青少年的听力和65岁的老人一样差。 no better than 表“同(几乎)一样差; 不比做得好” eg: Lucy did no better than Lily in the exam. 露西和莉莉考得几乎一样糟. = Lucy almost did as badly as Lily in the exam.8.复习现在完成时中延续性的动作或状态和由for / since 引导的一段时间状语搭配使用。a)“for + 时间段” 与 “since + 时间点” 都表“一段时间”，常用How long 提问。b) 如句中含有非延续性动词，则改为相应的延续性动词或状态。Topic 2 How does pollution hurt the earth?1. It says that China has become the worlds largest producer and user of coal. 它（文章）写到中国已经成为世界上最大的煤炭生产和消费国。sth. + says that 此句型中主语是事或物，say表用“文字、数字”说明信息。 eg: It says “ Happy New Year!” on the card. 卡片上写着“新年快乐！”。 The clock says that it is 20:00 now. 这面钟显示现在是20：00。2. As we know, none of us likes pollution. 众所周知，没有人喜欢污染。 none与no one 的区别：none “全无”，既可指人也可指物，后常跟of 的短语; 作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数；no one只指人，后不能跟of 的短语; 作主语时，谓语动词只用作单数。 eg: He has read none of these books.（指物）这些书他一本都没看过。 None of my friends like/ likes drawing.（指人）我的朋友们没有一个喜欢画画。 No one is here. 没有一个在这儿。none回答how many/ much的问题；no one回答who的问题。 如： A: How many students come to school by taxi? B: None.有多少的学生搭出租车来上学？ 没有人。 A: How much water is there in the bottle? B: None.瓶子里有多少水？ 一点儿也没有。 A: Who is in the room? B: No one.谁在房中？没有人。3.When it rains, the soil will be washed away.下雨时，土壤就会被冲走。 will be +过去分词为一般将来时的被动语形式。 eg: The earth will be blown away by the wind. 泥土将会被风刮走。（被动语态） = The wind will blow away the earth. 风将会把泥土刮走。（主动语态）5A lot of rich land has changed into desert, leaving only sand. 许多肥沃的土地已经变成了沙漠，留下的是遍地黄沙。a) change into = turn into 把.(转)变成eg: Please change/ turn English into Chinese. 请把英语变成汉语。 When the traffic lights change/ turn into green, we can go.当交通灯变成绿色时,我们就可以通行。b) leaving only stand现在分词短语作状语, 表伴随主动。 eg: The children went away, talking and laughing. 孩子们说着、笑着离开了。 The girl is looking for her mother, crying loudly. 这个女孩大声地哭着在寻找她的母亲。6Trees can stop the wind from blowing the earth away. They can also prevent the sand from moving toward the rich land. 树可以防风固土，也可阻止风沙吹进良田。stop / prevent sb. /sth. (from ) doing sth. 阻止/ 防止 某人或某物做某事keep sb./sth. from doing sth. 阻止/ 防止 某人或某物做某事eg: Trees can keep water from running away. 树可以防止水土流失。7.in danger of ( doing ) sth. 处于做某事的危险中eg: They are in danger of losing their lives. 他们正处于失去生命的危险中。8.cut down 砍到Eg：Many trees are cut down every years9. You may either take a bus or a taxi. 你们可能搭公车去或者是搭出租车去。 a) eitheror “要么要么并列连词,连接主语时,根据就近原则选取谓语动词。 eg: You may come either today or tomorrow. 你要么今天来，要么明天来。 Either you or he is right. 要么你对，要么他对。 b) either 单独使用时，是代词，表“二者之一”既可指人也可指物；用作主语时，谓语动词用作单数。如： A：ould you like coffee or tea? B: Either is OK 你想要咖啡还是茶？随便都可以。 Either of us is right. 我们俩中有一人是对的。Topic 3 Lets be greener people.1.We should use both sides of paper, and reuse plastic bags rather than throw them away. 我们应该把纸的两面都使用，将塑料袋再次使用而不是轻易扔掉。both 修饰复数名词；而 either 修饰单数名词； eg: There are a lot of trees on both sides of the road. = There are a lot of trees on either side of the road. 在路的两边有许多树。2.Everyone is supposed to do it. 每个人都应该那样做。be supposed to do sth.指（按规定、习惯、安排等）应当做某事；相当于should; 用于否定句时，表“允许”； eg: Teachers are supposed to/ should know a lot. 老师应该知道很多。 You are not supposed to smoke here. 这里不允许抽烟。4. First, you ought to turn off the lights when you leave a room. 首先，当你离开房间的时候，应该关灯。ought to 情态动词, 表 “应该; 应当”; 语气比 should 强;指道义上应该做的事,有时含有责备或督促的语气。should 指主观上感到有责任或义务去做。如：You ought to help your mother do some housework.你应该帮你妈妈做些家务。We should study hard.我们应该努力学习。其否定式和疑问式：You oughtnt to get up so late in the morning.你早晨不应该起这么晚。Ought I to tell her the bad news? 我该告诉她坏消息吗？Yes, you ought. No, you oughtnt.Unit 3 English around the worldTopic1 English is widely spoken around the world.1.stick v. 粘贴，=put up eg: You can stick it on the wall in your room.你可以把它贴在你房间的墙上。2.cant wait to do sth. 迫不急待地想要做某事eg: I cant wait to fly there! 我迫不急待地想要飞往哪里。又：cant help doing sth.忍不住要做某事，如：I cant help laughing.我忍不住笑了。3.have a good chance to do sth. 有个做某事的好机会 eg: Youll have a good chance to practicing speaking English .你将有一个练习说英语的好机会。4.practice speaking English 练习说英语。有的动词后再跟动词时，后面的动词要用-ing形式， 如：practice, finish, enjoy, meind等等。5.from now on 从现在起，意思相当于later on 后来，过后，将来。 eg: Try your best and work much harder (at English) from now on. 从现在起，尽你最大的努力更努力(得多)地学习(英语)。6.on business 出差?eg：Mr.Lee is on business in the U.S.A.7.be similar to. 与.相似 eg: Is Spanish similar to English? 西班牙语和英语会相似吗？8.Its possible that. 有可能. eg: Its possible that you will have some trouble.你有可能会遇到一些困难。9.ask sb. for help 向某人求助，求助于某人。eg: Ill ask an interpreter for help.我将向翻译求助。10.translate A int