大学英语阅读理解冲刺提分题.pdf

XXXX 年大学英语阅读理解冲刺提分题年大学英语阅读理解冲刺提分题读书长知，思考长智，虚心长识，应用长技。以下是为大家搜索的 xx 年大学理解冲刺提分题，希望对正在关注的您有所帮助!更多精彩内容请及时关注我们!A) The weather report on the radio or TV tells you thatit is going to be sunny and hot and that an orange ozonealert has been issued. What is ozone? What does an orangealert mean? Why should you be concerned about it? In thisarticle, we will examine what ozone is, how it is produced,what health hazards it poses and what you can do to reduceozone pollution.B) Ozone is a molecule of three oxygen atoms boundtogether (O3). It is unstable and highly reactive. Ozone isused as a bleach, a deodorizing agent, and a sterilizationagent for air and drinking water. At low concentrations, itis toxic. Ozone is found naturally in small concentrationsin the stratosphere, a layer of Earths upper atmosphere.In this upper atmosphere, ozone is made when ultravioletlight from the sun splits an oxygen molecule (O2), formingtwo single oxygen atoms. If a freed atom collides with anoxygen molecule, it bees ozone. Stratospheric ozone hasbeen called “good” ozone because it protects the Earthssurface from dangerous ultraviolet light.C) Ozone can also be found in the troposphere, thelowest layer of the atmosphere. Tropospheric ozone (oftentermed “ bad ” ozone) is man - made, a result of airpollution from internal bustion engines and power plants.Automobile exhaust and industrial emissions release afamily of nitrogen oxide gases (NOx) and volatile organicpounds (VOC), by-products of burning gasoline and coal. NOxand VOC bine chemically with oxygen to form ozone duringsunny, high- temperature conditions of late spring, summerand early fall. High levels of ozone are usually formed inthe heat of the afternoon and early evening, dissipatingduring the cooler nights.D) Although ozone pollution is formed mainly in urbanand suburban areas, it ends up in rural areas as well,carried by prevailing winds or resulting from cars andtrucks that travel into rural areas. Significant levels ofozone pollution can be detected in rural areas as far as250 miles downwind from urban industrial zones.E) You can make ozone test strips to detect and monitorozone levels in your own backyard or around your school.You will need corn starch, filter paper (coffee filterswork well) and potassium iodide (can be ordered from ascience education supplier such as Carolina BiologicalSupply or Fisher Scientific). Basically, you make a pastefrom water, corn starch and potassium-iodide, and you paintthis paste on strips of filter paper. You then expose thestrips to the air for eight hours. Ozone in the air willreact with the potassium iodide to change the color of thestrip. You will also need to know the relative humidity,which you can get from a newspaper, weather broadcast orhome weather station.F) When you inhale ozone, it travels throughout yourrespiratory tract. Because ozone is very corrosive, itdamages the bronchioles and alveoli in your lungs, air sacsthat are important for gas exchange. Repeated exposure toozone can inflame lung tissues and cause respiratoryinfections.G) Ozone exposure can aggravate existing respiratoryconditions such as asthma, reduce your lung function andcapacity for exercise and cause chest pains and coughing.Young children, adults who are active outdoors and peoplewith respiratory diseases are most susceptible to the highlevels of ozone encountered during the summer. In additionto effects on humans, the corrosive nature of ozone candamage plants and trees. High levels of ozone can destroyagricultural crops and forest vegetation.H) To protect yourself from ozone exposure, you shouldbe aware of the Air Quality Index (AQI) in your area everydayyou can usually find it in the newspaper or on amorning weather forecast on TV or radio. You should also befamiliar with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)guide for ozone-alert values.I) What do the numbers in the AQI mean? The AQImeasures concentrations of five air pollutants: ozone,sulfur dioxide, particulate matter, carbon monoxide andnitrogen dioxide. The EPA has chosen these pollutants ascriteria pollutants, but these are not all of thepollutants in the air. These concentrations are pared to astandard set out in federal law. An index value of 100means that all of the criteria pollutants are at themaximum level that is considered safe for the majority ofthe population. To reduce your exposure to ozone, youshould avoid exercising during afternoon and early eveninghours in the summer.J) There are several ways you can help to decreaseozone pollution. Limit using your automobile duringafternoon and early evening hours in the late spring,summer and early fall. Do not use gasoline-powered lawnequipment during these times. Do not fuel your car duringthese times. Do not light fires or outdoor grills duringthese times. Keep the engine of your car or boat tuned.Make sure that your tires are properly inflated. Useenvironmentally safe paints, cleaning and office products(some of these chemicals are sources of VOC).K) Besides personal attempts to reduce ozone pollution,the EPA has initiated more stringent air-quality standards(such as the Clean Air Act and its modifications) to reduceair pollution. Compliance with these standards byindustries, manufacturers and state and local governmentshas significantly reduced the levels of many mon airpollutants.L) With continued conservation and reduction practices,adherence to ozone-pollution warnings, research andgovernment regulation, ozone-pollution levels shouldcontinue to fall. Perhaps future generations will notbe threatened by this environmental pollutant.M) The thing that determines whether ozone is good orbad is its location. Ozone is good，when it is in thestratosphere. The stratosphere is a layer of the atmospherestarting at the level of about 6 miles (about 10 kilometers)above sea level. The stratosphere naturally contains aboutsix parts per million of ozone, and this ozone is verybeneficial because it absorbs UV radiation and prevents itfrom reaching us.N) Ozone is “bad” when it is at ground level. Ozoneis a very reactive gas that is hard on lung tissue. It alsodamages plants and buildings. Any ozone at ground level isa problem. Unfortunately, chemicals in car exhaust andchemicals produced by some industries react with light toproduce lots of ozone at ground level. In cities, the ozonelevel can rise to a point where it bees hazardous to ourhealth. Thats when you hear about an ozone warning on thenews.1. When ultraviolet rays from the sun separate anoxygen molecule into two single oxygen atoms in thestratosphere, the bination of a single oxygen atom and anoxygen molecule forms ozone.2. You can make ozone test strips by yourself to findout about ozone levels in your own locale.3. Long-time exposure to ozone is badly harmful to ourrespiratory system.4. Chemicals in industrial waste gas and vehicleexhaust react with light to form lots of ozone at groundlevel.5. Internal bustion engines and power plants cause theartificial tropospheric ozone, also known as “bad” ozone.6. Ozone is very helpful because it absorbs UVradiation and separates us from it.7. Using gasoline-powered lawn equipment in the latespring, summer and early fall may increase ozone pollution.8. Ozone pollution ours in urban and suburban areas aswell as in rural areas.9. In order to decrease ozone pollution, the EPA hasset up more rigorous air-quality standards.10. Pay close attention to the Air Quality Index inyour area every day can keep you away from ozone exposure.文章主要介绍了什么是臭氧，臭氧污染的形成、危害，以及臭氧有利的一 面。文章还详细介绍了如何自己手工制作检测仪;如何防止暴露在臭氧之下;如 何预防和减少臭氧污染等。1. B 此题答案的信息 B 段的倒数第二、三句话。原文中提到太阳紫外线将 氧分子分成了两个单独的氧原子，氧原子与氧分子再结合就生成了臭氧。 题干正好表达了这个意思。ultraviolet rays即是原文中的 ultraviolet light。2. E 此题答案的信息 E 段第一句话。题目中的 find outabout 意为“弄清有关 的情况”，和原文中的 detect and monitor含义相对应;题目中的 inyour own locale 和原文中的 in your ownbackyard 相对应。3. F 此题答案的信息 F 段。F 段提到人吸入臭氧后，它可以贯穿你的呼吸系统。接着提到它可能损害细支气管、肺部等呼吸系统的部位，故可知长期 暴露在臭氧下有损呼吸系统。4. N 此题答案的信息 N 段第五句话，题干是对本句的同义转述。5. C 此题答案的信息 C 段的第二句话。原句中先说“果”后说“因”，题目将“因”提前，然后说“果”;原文中的 man-made 与题干中的artificial 相对应; 原文中的 termed 与题干中的 known as 相对应。6. M 此题答案的信息 M 段第二句和最后一句话。原文中第二句话首先提到Ozone is “good” when it is in the stratosphere.，在最后一句中提到臭氧为什 么有益;原文中的 beneficial 与题干中的helpfUl 相对应;题目中的 separates from 对应原文中的 preventsfrom。7. J 此题答案的信息 J 段第一、二、三句话。原文中 J 段的首句提到有几种可以降低臭氧污染的方法，接下来提到的一种方法是Do not use gasoline- powered lawn equipment during thesetimes.由此推测 Using gasoline-powered lawn equipment 会导致臭氧污染增加;而由第二句话可推测出原文中的 during thesetimes 指的是 in the late spring, summer and early fall。8. D 此题答案的信息 D 段第一句话。原文提到臭氧污染主要在城市和城市郊区出现，但因为风和汽车、卡车运输的作用，农村也会发生臭氧污染， 题干是对此的归纳。9. K 此题答案的信息 K 段第一句话。原文中的 initiated 和题目中的 set up 属于同义转换;原文中的 stringent 替换为了rigorous;原文中的 reduce ozone pollution 替换为了 decreaseozone pollution。10. H 此题答案的信息 H 段第一句话。题目中的 keep you awayfrom 对应原文的 protect yourself from;题目中的 Pay closeattention to 对应原文的 should be aware of。