book7--unit4---Language-points-精品.ppt

Page 21. hear from . 意为意为“收到收到的信的信”, =receive a letter from . 。注意：注意：hear from后面只能接表示人的名后面只能接表示人的名词或代词，不可接词或代词，不可接letter作为它的宾语。作为它的宾语。 eg. They will be delighted to hear from you. eg. I hear from my mother every week. Page 3比较比较 hear from和和receive都可表示都可表示“收到收到某人的信某人的信”。其区别如下：。其区别如下：hear from不是指具体接到信件不是指具体接到信件, 而是指得而是指得到音信、信息到音信、信息; receive往往指收到具体的往往指收到具体的信件。如：信件。如： I havent heard from him for a long time. 我好久没得到他的消息了。我好久没得到他的消息了。I havent received any letters from him for several months. 我已经好几个月没有收到他的信了。我已经好几个月没有收到他的信了。拓展拓展 hear sb. / sth. out 听完听完hear about sth. 听到关于某事物的消息听到关于某事物的消息hear of sb. / sth.听说或知道某人听说或知道某人/物的情况物的情况Havent you heard of John Denver? hear of 还有还有“听从听从”的意思，常用于的意思，常用于否定句，与否定句，与will / would连用，例如：连用，例如：He wouldnt hear of me paying for the bill. 我要他付帐，但他不肯。我要他付帐，但他不肯。Page 6与hear 相关的短语:hear about 听到关于.的消息hear from 收到的来信hear of 听说, 听到hear sb. out 听到某人把话说完hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做了某事hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人正在做某事Page 7The missing boys were last seen _ near the river.A. playing B. to be playingC. play D. to playAPage 82. I know youre dying to hear all about my life here. be dying to do/for sth. 渴望做某事；迫切想要渴望做某事；迫切想要e.g. She is dying to go abroad. I am dying for a glass of water. “渴望渴望”的类似说法的类似说法 be thirty for sth. desire to do sth. have a strong desire for sth. long to do for sth.Page 9 die away (声音,光线)逐渐平息,减弱 die down (火,兴奋)渐弱,渐息 die off (家庭,种族等)相继去世 die out (动.植物)灭绝;(风俗,习惯等)消失 die from（外）/of (内) 因而死由动词由动词die组成的短语：组成的短语：Page 10The country is changing very quicklyand many of the old traditions are_A.dying of B.dying awayC. dying down D.dying outAll the children on the playground stared up into the sky until the noise of the plane_.A.gave up B. took offC.went off D. died awayDDPage 113. Ive included some photos which will help you picture the places I talk about. picture n. 图画图画, 照片照片, 画面画面 vt. 描绘描绘, 想象想象 She often pictures herself as a famous writer.Page 12了解词性转换了解词性转换(由名词转换为动词由名词转换为动词, 或由或由动词转换为名词动词转换为名词, 或由形容词转换为动或由形容词转换为动词等词等)的知识的知识, 是迅速扩大词汇量的方法是迅速扩大词汇量的方法之一之一, 有助于扫清阅读中的障碍。有助于扫清阅读中的障碍。 Page 13water n. 水水 v. 浇水浇水 hand n. 手手 v. 递递, 交交head n. 头头 v. 朝某方向前进朝某方向前进place n. 地方地方 v. 放，放置放，放置face n. 面孔，脸面孔，脸 v. 面对，面向面对，面向heat n. 热热v. 加热加热 boat n. 船船 v.划船划船fool n. 傻子傻子 v. 愚弄愚弄Page 144. Well, its a bush schoolthe classroom are made of bamboo and the roofs of grass. Page 15make的用法：1) be made from 由.制成 (看不出原材料) The paper is made from wood.2) be made of 由.制成(看出原材料) The house is made of stone.Remember them!Page 163) be made into 某种原材料制成某种成品 Glasses is made into bottles.4) be made in在某地制造, in后面接表示地点的名词 This TV set is made in Shanghai.Page 175) be made by 由谁制造 The machine is made by workers in the factory.6) be made up of 由.组成 (= consists of ) The class is made of 30 boys and 30 girls.Page 185. When I reach the school grounds there are lots of “good mornings” for me from the boys. Many of them have walked a long way, sometimes up to two hours, to get to the school. 翻译翻译 当我走到学校操场的时候当我走到学校操场的时候, 迎接迎接我的是男孩子们一片我的是男孩子们一片“早上好早上好”的声的声音。他们中的许多人走了很长的路音。他们中的许多人走了很长的路, 有有时候要走两个小时才能到学校。时候要走两个小时才能到学校。Page 19点拨点拨 该句的主句为该句的主句为There are lots of “good mornings” for me from the boys。when引导时间状语从句引导时间状语从句; many of whom引导的定语从句修饰引导的定语从句修饰the boys；sometimes up to two hours补充说明走路到学校需要的时间。补充说明走路到学校需要的时间。Page 20up to 多达多达, 直到直到, 胜任胜任, 由由负责负责/决定决定be up to sth = be busy doing sth. 忙于忙于, 从事从事Its up to sb. to do sth. 由某人负责做某事由某人负责做某事be up to doing= be fit for 胜任胜任(常用于否定句和疑问句中常用于否定句和疑问句中)I dont feel up to going to work today.他无法胜任这项工作。他无法胜任这项工作。Page 216. Im still trying to adapt to these conditions. However, one thing is for sure, Ive become more imaginative in my teaching. Page 221) try to do sth. 尽力去做某事 try doing sth. 试着做某事 forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事Page 23remember to do sth. 记得去做某事remember doing sth. 记得做过某事mean to do sth. 打算做某事mean doing sth. 意味着要做某事stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事stop doing sth. 停止做某事Page 24go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事cant help to do sth. 不能帮着做某事cant help doing sth. 禁不住做某事Page 252) adapt (oneself) to 适应，适合适应，适合We have had to adapt quickly to the new system.When you go to a new country, you must adapt yourself to new manners and customs.注意：adapt (oneself) to的to是介词，后跟名词或动词-ing形式。类似的词组有：Page 26be used to 习惯于 be related to 与相关 lead to 导致/通向 devote oneself to 献身于contribute to 为作贡献 access to 接近/进入(某地的)方法look forward to 盼望pay attention to 注意 give rise to 引起be accustomed to 习惯于be addicted to 沉溺于Page 273) for sure 肯定如此肯定如此, 毫无疑问毫无疑问 It /That is for sure 那是肯定无疑的那是肯定无疑的 know sth. for sure 知道知道肯定无疑肯定无疑 Soon he will turn to you for help and thats for sure.Page 284. the other day=some days ago(与一般过去时连用与一般过去时连用)one day “某一天某一天”（一般过去时和一般将来时）（一般过去时和一般将来时） some day “将来某一天将来某一天”（一般将来时）（一般将来时）another day 即可表示近期将来的某一天，即可表示近期将来的某一天，“改改 天天”，也可表示过去或状态延续的，也可表示过去或状态延续的“有一天有一天” Page 297.The other day I was showing the boys the weekly chemistry experiment when, before I knew it, the mixture was bubbling over everywhere!when 的偶然性专题总结Page 30when 的偶然性1. 主语+was / were doing sth. + when “正在做.这时.”他们正在讨论问题，就在这时老师进来了。They were discussing the problem when the teacher came in.2.主语+was / were about to do sth.+when =主语+was / were on the point of doing sth. +when 正要做.这时.她正准备出去，这时来了一位客人。She was about to go out when a visitor came.3.主语+had (just) done sth. + when刚做完. 这时我刚洗完澡，这时他打了个电话给我。I had just finished bathing when he called me.Page 314.主语+had hardly / scarcely / barely done sth.+when 刚 / 一.就.hardly/ scarcely / barely 放在句首时，要部分倒装。Hardly + had + 主语 + done sth. + when比赛刚开始就下起雨来了。The game had hardly begun when it started raining.Hardly _ when it started raining.had the game begunPage 32relevant (adj.) relevantly (adv.)“有关的，有实际价值(重要性)的”反义词：irrelevant be relevant to “与有关” = be connected with = have sth to do with 8. Sometimes I wonder how relevant chemistry is to these students.Page 33这种工作与性别无关这种工作与性别无关。The work of this kind is not relevant to sex.wonder 用法归纳用法归纳wonder wh-词词 + to do 想知道想知道wonder wh- / if + 从句从句想知道想知道I was wondering where to spend the weekend.I wonder if you are free this afternoon.Page 34(Its )no wonder + (that) 从句从句 难怪，怪不得，不足难怪，怪不得，不足 为奇为奇No wonder that he has passed the examination.Page 359. To be honest, I doubt whether Im making any difference to these boys lives at all. 说实在的说实在的, 我真的不知道我教的课我真的不知道我教的课究竟会不会让这些孩子的生活有所改变。究竟会不会让这些孩子的生活有所改变。 What has happened to her at all? 她究竟发生了什么事？她究竟发生了什么事？ Do you know him at all? 你真的了解他吗？你真的了解他吗？Page 36make a difference 有关系有关系, 有影响有影响, 起起(重要重要)作用作用Dollars make no difference to him.I dont think it will make any difference. Page 3710. But last weekend another teacher, Jenny, and I did visit a village which is the home of one of the boys, Tombe. 但是上周末, 另一位老师Jenny和我拜访了一个村子, 这个村子是其中一个男孩Tombe的家。Page 38 did强调肯定语气, do (does, did)用于强调谓语动词的语气时, 要符合以下条件:(1) 句子是肯定句; (2) 谓语动词为一般现在时或一般过去时; (3) 谓语动词是单独的行为动词或单独的连系动词(be除外)。Page 39The little girl does want to see her mother. 这个女孩非常想见她的母亲。I do like to eat apples. 我的确喜欢吃苹果。Do stay a while. 请待会儿。Page 4011. We walked for two and a half hours to get there first up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below. 翻译翻译 我们步行了两个半小时才到达那我们步行了两个半小时才到达那里里先是爬山先是爬山, 爬到山脊能看到奇妙的爬到山脊能看到奇妙的景色景色, 然后走下一个陡坡然后走下一个陡坡, 一直走到下边的一直走到下边的山谷。山谷。Page 41点拨点拨 该句的主干为该句的主干为We walked。破折号后。破折号后的部分起进一步解释说明的作用的部分起进一步解释说明的作用, 说明我们说明我们是如何到达那里的。是如何到达那里的。from where引导的定引导的定语从句修饰语从句修饰a ridge, 关系副词关系副词where前一般前一般不加介词不加介词, 但但from where却是个例外。却是个例外。如：如： There are many websites, from where you can find almost all the necessary information. 有许多网址有许多网址, 从那里你能够找到几乎所有必从那里你能够找到几乎所有必要信息。要信息。Page 42from where 引导的定语从句nShe climbed up to the top of the hill, from where she could have a good view of the whole town.n她登上山顶，从那里她可以一览全城风光。n 划线部分相当于, and from on the top of the hill或from on the top of which,不可变为from which，也可直接用where引导，但语义较为含糊，不如用from where更加生动、形象、具体。Page 4311. Tombers father, Mukap, led us to his house, a low bamboo hut with grass sticking out of the roof- this shows its a mans house. Page 44with的复合结构(with+ 宾语+ 宾补)1) with + n. + doing (doing表示 with 后名词发生的动作, 此名词为动作的执行者) He lay there with his eyes looking at the sky. 考点考点 with grass sticking out是是“with + n. +动词动词-ing形式短语形式短语”构成的构成的with复合结构。复合结构。Page 452) with + n. + done (done和with后面的宾语构成动宾关系, 此宾语是动作的承受者。 The thief was brought in with his hands tied back.Page 463) with + n. + to do 动词不定式表示目的, 或将发生, 未发生的事。 With all these mouth to feed, he didnt know what to do. With five minutes to go before the last train left, we arrived at the station.Page 474) with + n. + prep. phrase The teacher came in with some textbooks under her arm.5) with + n. + adj. When he is eating, he doesnt speak with his mouth full of food.Page 48考例考例 Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. Sorry. With so much work _ my mind, I almost break down. (福建福建2007)A. filledB. fillingC. to fillD. being filled BPage 49BCPage 50AAPage 51BBPage 52DAPage 53stick out 突出, 伸出stick out for sth. 坚持要求某事物stick to sth. 不放弃/改变某事物stick at sth. 坚持不懈stick with sb. 继续支持某人stick up 向上突起, 坚起Page 54此处此处lead表示表示“作向导作向导,带领，引领带领，引领”He led us to his home. Our guide led us to the museum. lead 还表示还表示“通向通向”The path leads to the village. Page 55The explanation has led me to a clear understanding. 这个解释让我理解清楚了。这个解释让我理解清楚了。 lead sb to do 表示表示“使使干干”What led you to believe it? 什么使你相信它的？什么使你相信它的？Page 5612. adjust vt. & vi. 调整调整; 调节调节; 适应适应; 整理整理; 调准。调准。 如：如：The body can quickly adjust itself to the changes of temperature. She carefully adjusted her clothes and her hair before going out. Page 57归纳总结归纳总结adjust _。adjust to适应适应adjust oneself to.使自己适应于使自己适应于adjustable adj.可调整的，可调节的可调整的，可调节的adjustable seat belts可调节的座椅安全带可调节的座椅安全带adjustment n.调整，调节；适应调整，调节；适应make an adjustment作出调整作出调整vt. & vi.调整；使适合调整；使适合Page 58(1)调好闹钟的定时装置。调好闹钟的定时装置。 the setting of the alarm clock.(2)她把座椅调到适合她小孩的高度。她把座椅调到适合她小孩的高度。She the height of her child.(3)她很快使自己适应了他的生活方式。她很快使自己适应了他的生活方式。She soon his way of life.(4)她发现自己很难适应夜间工作。她发现自己很难适应夜间工作。 She found it hard to at night. Adjust adjusted the seat toadjusted herself toadjust to workingPage 59区别区别adapt, adjust, fit, suit, match这几个词这几个词都含都含“适合、适应适合、适应”的意思。的意思。1) adapt 指指“修改或改变以适应新条件修改或改变以适应新条件”You should adapt yourself to the new environment. 你应该适应新环境。你应该适应新环境。2) adjust 指指“调整、调节调整、调节”使之适应使之适应You cant see through the telescope until it is adjusted to your eyes. 你把望远镜调你把望远镜调节到适合你的目光之后节到适合你的目光之后, 你才看得见。你才看得见。Page 603) fit多指多指“大小适合大小适合”, 引伸为引伸为“吻合吻合”Her new shoes didnt fit. 她那双新鞋不合穿。她那双新鞋不合穿。4) suit多指多指“合乎要求、口味、性格、情况合乎要求、口味、性格、情况” No dish suits all tastes. 众口难调。众口难调。5) match指指“大小、色调、形状、性质大小、色调、形状、性质 等相配或相称等相配或相称”A red jacket doesnt match green trousers. 红上衣与绿裤子不相配。红上衣与绿裤子不相配。Page 6113. There were no windows and the doorway was just big enough to get through. 考点考点 get through意为意为“通过通过, 穿过穿过”。 考例考例 There were a lot of people standing at the door and the small girl couldnt get _. (2006全国卷全国卷II) A. between B. through C. across D. beyond点拨点拨 get through通过通过, 穿过穿过; get across使使被理解。被理解。 Page 6215. Fresh grass had been laid on the floor and there was a newly made platform for Jenny and me to sleep on. Page 631) lay vt. (lay, laid, laid)1) 将某物/人置于某位置或某物表面lay the bottle on the desk2) 产卵 The bird lays eggs in the other birds nets. 与lay相关的短语：lay eggs 产卵lay sth. aside 把.放在一边Page 647. lie lay lain lying “vi. 躺躺,位于位于” lie lied lied lying “vi. 撒谎撒谎” lay laid laid laying “vt. 放下放下,下蛋下蛋” 规则的撒谎规则的撒谎,不规则的躺不规则的躺, 躺过就下蛋躺过就下蛋,下蛋不规则下蛋不规则.The man lying there never lies .She laid the baby in the bed and left. Page 65lay sth. down 放下;停止使用lay sb. off 解雇某人lay the table 摆放桌子If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lieCPage 66lay sth. down 放下;停止使用lay sb. off 解雇某人lay the table 摆放桌子If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lieCPage 67 The pen _ on desk belongs to me . 2) The baby _ in the arms of her mother . 3) The village _ to the north of the city . 4) He _ the bag down on the floor .lying laylieslaid Page 685) The book still _ where I _ them a month ago . A. lay , lay B. laid , had laid C. lay , had laid D. was lying , had lain6) There on some hay on the ground _ a poor peasant boy . A. lied B. lay C. lain D. laid Page 6916. Once the fire was going, he laid stones on it. 考点考点 once意为意为“一旦一旦”, 引导条件状引导条件状语从句。语从句。考例考例 You will be successful in the interview _ you have confidence. (福建福建2007)A. before B. once C. until D. though 点拨点拨 句意为句意为“一旦你有了信心一旦你有了信心, 你在你在面试中就会成功的。面试中就会成功的。”Page 70even though/even if 尽管,即使 引导让步状语从句, 后常用虚拟式动词表示与事实相反的动作或行为。当让步状语从句的动词用虚拟表示与事实相反的假设时,通常用even though/ even if, 而不用though, although或as。17. I love listening to the family softly talking to each other in their language, even though . Page 71 You are not stupid. Even though/ Even if you were slow in study, you shouldnt give up your studies. 你并不愚笨, 即使你学得慢一点, 也 不应该放弃学习。Page 7218. Tombe told me that the can was heated to dry out the leftover food. They believe that any leftovers attract evil spirits in the night so the food is dried up in the can . . dry out (使使)变干，干透变干，干透 dry up (使使) 完全变干完全变干, (河流河流, 湖泊湖泊 等等)干涸；把干涸；把弄干弄干Page 73The burning sun has dried up many rivers in this area recently.最近，火辣辣的太阳把这个地区的许最近，火辣辣的太阳把这个地区的许多河流都晒干了。多河流都晒干了。My mouth always dries up when Im nervous.紧张的时候，我总是变得口干舌燥。紧张的时候，我总是变得口干舌燥。Page 74Page 75participate/attend/join/join in/take part in(1)participate正式用词，特指参加团体活动，暗示以一个积正式用词，特指参加团体活动，暗示以一个积极的角色参加。极的角色参加。(2)attend参加会议或学术活动等，侧重于到场，出席。参加会议或学术活动等，侧重于到场，出席。(3)join普通用词，指加入党派、团体或游戏、活动等，侧重普通用词，指加入党派、团体或游戏、活动等，侧重于于“成为其中一员成为其中一员”。(4)join in指参加比赛或活动等，并且指加入已在进行的动作。指参加比赛或活动等，并且指加入已在进行的动作。(5)take part in侧重参加某项群众性、集体性的事业、工作侧重参加某项群众性、集体性的事业、工作或活动，突出参加者在其中发挥一定的作用。或活动，突出参加者在其中发挥一定的作用。Page 76 otherwise 作连词作连词, 意为意为“否则否则; 不然不然”, 相当于相当于 or或或 if not。如：如：Well go early, otherwise we may not get a seat. 我们得早点去我们得早点去, 要不然就没要不然就没有座位了。有座位了。I was ill that day, otherwise I would have taken part in the sports meet. 那那天我病了天我病了, 否则我会去参加运动会的。否则我会去参加运动会的。Page 77otherwise 作副词作副词, 意为意为“用别的方法用别的方法; 不同地不同地; 在其他方面在其他方面; 除此之外除此之外”, 相相当于当于in another way或或apart from .。如如:He is rich, but otherwise an unhappy man. 他有钱他有钱, 但在其他方面是个不幸福的但在其他方面是个不幸福的人。人。Page 78He is naughty, but otherwise a nice boy. 他很调皮他很调皮, 但除此之外他是个不错的男孩但除此之外他是个不错的男孩子。子。They should have been working, but they were otherwise engaged. 他们本应该在他们本应该在工作工作, 但他们正忙别的事。但他们正忙别的事。Page 79 Hurry up , _ you will be late. A. and B. otherwise C. if D. unless 2) Study hard , _ you will pass the exam . A. and B. or C. if D. unless 3) Study hard , _ you will not pass the exam . A. and B. otherwise C. if D. unlessBABPage 8020. It was such a privilege to have spent a day with Tombes family. enjoy privileges 享受特权 have the privilege of 有的特权 as a special privilege 作为特权许可 by special privilege 根据特权 eg.Only members have the privilege to use the ground.Page 8121. Its getting late and I have to prepare tomorrows lessons prepare sth. 准备某事 prepare for sth. 为做准备 prepare sb. for sth. 使某人为某事做好准备 Page 82get/be prepared to do 有能力且愿意做某事be prepared for sth. 为做好准备make preparations for 为做准备in preparation 准备中Page 83辨析:prepare与prepare forprepare 准备;谓语动作直接体现在宾语上。p