高一英语导学案-初高中英语知识衔接 .docx

精品名师归纳总结第一课时 句子成分一句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分。主要成分有主语和谓语。次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。二主语： 主语是一个句子所表达的主体，一般位于句首。例如：During the 1990s, American country musichas become more and more popular.名词We often speak English in class. 词One-thirdof the students in this class are girls. 词To swim in the river is a great pleasure. Smoking does harm to the health.The rich should help the poor. 名词化的词When we are going to have an English testhas not been decided.从句It is necessary to master a foreign language .it 作形式主语，真正的主语为【总结】主语可由名词、 、和等表示。【提示】但在there be 结构、疑问句当主语不疑问词时和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。三谓语： 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特点和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：1、简洁谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：1由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold. 2由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.四 表语： 表语用以说明主语的身份、特点和状态， 它一般位于系动词 如 be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem 等之后。例如：Our teacher of English is an American .名词Is it yours.词The weather has turned cold.词The speech is exciting. 词Three times seven is twenty one .词可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结His job is to teach English .His hobby 爱好 is playing football .词The machine must be out of order .短语Time is up. The class is over.词The truth is that he has never been abroad .从句【总结】 表语一般由名词、 及表示。五宾语： 宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：They went to see an exhibition 展览 yesterday.名词The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time. 词How many dictionaries do you have. I havefive .词They helped the old with their housework yesterday. 词He pretended not to see me.短语I enjoy listening to popular music.短语 I think that he is fit for his office.从句【提示】 宾语种类 ：1双宾语间接宾语+直接宾语，例如： Lend me your dictionary , please.2复合宾语宾语 +宾补，例如： They elected him their monitor.六宾语补足语： 英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，仍要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。例如：His father named him Dongming .名词They painted their boat white .形容词Let the fresh air in .副词You mustn t force hitmo lend his money to you. 不定式短语We saw her entering the room .现在分词We found everything in the labin good order .介词短语We will soon make our citywhat your city is now. 从句【总结】宾补可由名词、 、短语和充当。例如：【提示】带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词如make 等+宾语 +宾补。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结七定语： 修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：Guilin is a beautiful city. 形容词China is a developing country; America is a developed country.There are thirty women teachers is our school.His rapid progress in English made us surprised. Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom . The teaching plan for next term has been worked out. He is reading an article about how to learn English . The man who is speaking is our English teacher. 八状语： 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特点的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：Light travels most quickly .副词及副词性词组He has lived in the cityfor ten years .介词短语He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.不定式短语He is in the room making a model plane. 分词短语Once you begin , you must continue. 状语从句【提示】 状语种类如下：How about meeting again at six.时间状语Last night she didn t go to the dancbeecpaaurtsye of the rain . 状语 I shall go there if it doesn.t rain状语Mr Smith lives on the third floor . 状语She put the eggs into the basket with great care .状语She came in with a dictionary in her hand.状语In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. 状语He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately .状语She works very hard though she is old .状语I am taller than he is .状语可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结练习一、指出以下句子划线部分是什么句子成分：2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting.5. They went hunting together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.9. His wish is to become a scientist.10. He managed to finish the work in time.11. Tom came to ask me for advice.12. He found it important to master English.13. Do you have anything else to say.14. Would you please tell me your address.15. He sat there, reading a newspaper.16. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.17. He noticed a man enter the room.18. The apples tasted sweet.1. The students got on the school bus.二 、挑选填空：1.will leave for Beijing.A. Now there the manB. The man which is here nowC. The man who is here nowD. The man is here now 2. The weather.A. wet and coldB. is wet and coldC. not wet and coldD. were wet and cold 3. The apple tasted.A. sweetsB. sweetlyC. nicelyD. sweet可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结 4. He got upyesterday morning.A. latelyB. lateC. latestD. latter 5. The actorat the age of 70.A. deadB. diedC. dyedD. deaded 6.were all very tired, but none ofwould stop to take a rest.A. We, usB. Us, weC. We, ourD. We, we 7. He found the street much.A. crowdB. crowdingC. crowdedD. crowdedly 8.I thinknecessary to learn English well.A. itsB. itC. thatD. that is 9. The dogmad.A. looksB. is lookedC. is being lookedD. was looked10.I will never forget the dayI joined the army.A. thatB. whenC. in whichD. where其次课时 简洁句、并列句和复合句一句子种类两种分类法1、按句子的用途可分四种：1陈述句确定、否认 ： He is six years old; She didn t hear of you before.2疑问句一般、 特别、挑选、反意：Do they like skating. How old is he. Is he six or seven years old. Mary can swim, can t she.3祈使句： Be careful, boys; Don t talk in class 4感叹句： How clever the boy is.2、按句子的结构可分三种：1简洁句：只有一个主语或并列主语和一个谓语或并列谓语。e.g. He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.2) 并列句：由并列连词and, but, or 等或分号。 把两个或两个以上的简洁句连在一起构成。e.g. You help him and he helps you.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结The future is bright; the road is tortuous.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。3复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句 、定语从句和状语从句等。e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.二简洁句的五种基本句型1、主语 +系动词 +表语： e.g. He is a student. 2、主语 +不及物动词： e.g. We work.3、主语 +及物动词 +宾语： e.g. Henry bought a dictionary.4、主语 +及物动词 +双宾语间接宾语 +直接宾语： e.g. My father bought me a car. 5、主语 +及物动词 +复合宾语宾语 +宾补： e.g. Tom made the baby laugh.注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。三并列句的分类1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only but also , neither n等or连接,。theen.g. The teacher s name is Smith, and the student s name is John.2、表示挑选，常用的连词有or, either or , other等wis。e e.g. Hurry up, or you ll miss the train. 3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。 e.g. He was a little man with thickglasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.4、表示因果关系， 常用的连词有 so, for, therefore 等。e.g. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.四高考考点探讨1、简洁句的五大句型是最基本的句型。虽然近几年单纯考查这种基础句型的题不多，但是在阅读中有时需借助于划分句子成分去懂得，在书面表达中，没有最基本的遣词造句的才能是不行能用的道的英语句子来表达清晰的。2、祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句是高考命题的热点之一。有时把祈使句与反意疑问句结合于一体来考查。一个题目，几个考点，是近几年命题的进展趋势。3、高考对简洁句、并列句和各种复合句的考查常表现在对连词的挑选和使用上。如：and, but, or, while ， 以及其它连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结4、各种主从复合句的考查常常与动词的时态联系在一起，以宾语从句与状语从句最为明显，时间从句与条件从句中，假如主句是将来时，从句就用一般式表将来，这一点在高考中常常考查。如： We will go outing if itdoesnt raintomorrow 。练习 一、判定以下句子是简洁句、并列句仍是复合句：1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3. There is a chair in this room, isn t there.4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn t it.9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.二、挑选填空：1. Give me one m ore minuteI ll be able to finish it.A. andB. orC. ifD. so2. It s the third time that John has been late,.A. hasn t heB. isn t heC. isn t itD. hasn t it3. joyful he was to meet his brother again.A. HowB. WhatC. What aD. What an4. Let us pass,.A. shan t weB. shall weC. won t weD. will you5. I suppose he s serious,.A. do IB. don t IC. is heD. isn t he6. Train as hard as you can you ll win the petA. thenB. butC. andD. or7. There are many sports lovers in his office. Some love climbing,others enjoy swimming.A. orB. forC. whileD. so可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结8. - Your uncle isn t an engineer, is he.-.A. Yes, he isnt B. No, he isntC. No, he isD. He is9. friendlyto everyone.A. How, is sheB. What, is sheC. How, she isD. What, she is10. He lay in bedread something borrowed from library.A. butB. andC. orD. yet11. - I thought you had an umbrella.- I had,I ve lost it.A. sinceB. butC. becauseD. so12. down the radio - the baby s asleep in the next room.A. TurningB. To turnC. TurnedD. Turn13. - Would you like to come to dinner tonight.- I d like to,I m too busy.A. andB. soC. asD. but14. She set out soon after darkhome an hour later.A. arrivingB. to arriveC. having arrivedD. and arrived15. it with me and I ll see what I can do.A. When leftB. LeavingC. If you leaveD. Leave三、按要求完成以下句子：1. He dares to tell the truth. 改为否认句2. They have lived here for more than ten years. 对画线部分提问3. There will be a sports meet at the end of this month,. 完成反意疑问4. They went for a walk after supper yesterday evening. 改为一般疑问句 5. It is an interesting story. 改为感叹句6. They could hardly believe his words,. 完成反意疑问可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结第三课时一般现在时一、【范例再现】1. 阅读以下句子，并判定其时态：1) He always helps others.2) They are having a meeting in the office now.3) He has worked in our school for eleven years since he came to China.4) I built a new house eight years ago.5) My father was watching TV when I got home yesterday afternoon.6) The train had left before I arrived at the station.7) We are going to visit the Great Wall next month.8) I didn't know if she would come.2. 写出各种时态的结构 以 study 为例 一般时进行时完成时现在study / studies过去studiedshall / will study将来is/am/are going to study过去将来二、【时态精练】1. 一般现在时概念:表示习惯、常常性的动作结构:do、 does标志语： usually、 often、never、 sometimes、once a week、 twice a month 、every year练习 1：用所给动词的正确形式填空：1. The twinswash the clothes every day.2. Sometimes heplay basketball over there.3. How often Sallysing.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结4. -Whereyoucome from. - America.练习 2：写出以下动词的第三人称单数形式。如：sing: sings.1. read; bring; cook; use 2. miss; watch; finish; fix; go; do;3. study; fly; say; stay;4. have.稳固练习 1：用所给单词的适当形式填空1.I usuallygo running for half an hour at the weekend.2. My grandparentslike watching TV very much.3. Thisbe my cat. Itlove me.4. be your sister a member of the Reading Club.5. She oftenfinish her homework at 9:00 in the evening.6. Wenot have a Music lesson on Thursday.7. His unclenot get up early on Saturday.稳固练习 2： .句型转换1. He often flies a kite in the park. 改为否认句 Heoftena kite in the park.2. She always misses the early bus in the morning. 改为一般疑问句 she alwaysthe early bus in the morning.3. Her mother usually watches TV in the evening. 提问 her mother usuallyin the evening.4. Boys like playing computer games. 改为否认句 Boys playing computer games.稳固练习 3： .依据中文提示，把以下句子翻译成英语1. 我们常常相互通信。2. 他努力工作可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结3. 光比声音传播快。4. 假如你尝试，你会胜利的。第四课时 一般过去时与现在完成时1） 一般过去时用法：过去时间发生的或过去常常性的动作动词构成：动词过去式-edv 如： do - did; work -worked; study - studied; stop - stopped; get - got.否认构成： didn't+ 动原一般疑问构成及简答举例：Did+ 主语+动原+其它？特别疑问句举例：What did he do yesterday.When did he get up this morning.练习：朗诵以下句子，体会一般过去时的用法1. He arrived in Hangzhou an hour ago. 解析：。2. Their children often went hungry in the old days.解析：。3. At that time she spoke very good English. 解析：。4. Did you play volleyball yesterday afternoon.解析：。5. I saw him today.解析：。2） 现在完成时动词构成： have/has+过去分词 -ed如： have/has worked否认构成： have/has not+过去分词一般疑问构成：Have/Has+ 主语+过去分词 .特别疑问句举例：What have you done recently.How long has he lived in Beijing.练习 1：朗诵以下句子，体会现在完成时的用法6. She has already finished the work.解析：。7. Have you milked the cow yet. Yes, I have done that already.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结解析。8. I've just lost my science book. 解析：。练习 2：朗诵以下句子，体会现在完成时的用法9. She has learnt English for 3 years.解析：。10. They have lived here since 1990.解析：。11. What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years. 解析：。【备注 1】 临时性动词不能与for , since , How long等表示段时间的短语同时使用。如：1. She has borrowed the book for two weeks.2. The man has died for twenty years.练习 3：朗诵并比较以下句子12. He has been to Beijing.他曾去过北京。 解析：。13. He has gone to Beijing.他已经去了北京。解析：。【备注 2】 have / has been to 表示 “曾经去过 ”某的，说话时此人很可能不在那里，已经回来。侧重指经受。 have / has gone to 表示某人 “已经去了 ”某的，说话时此人在那里，或可能在路上，反正不在这里。3) 一般过去时与现在完成时之比较 练习：请大家仔细分析比较以下各例句14. I saw this film yesterday.解析：。15. I have seen this film. 解析：。16. She has returned from Paris.解析：。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结17. She returned yesterday. 解析：。18. He has been in the League for three years.解析：19. He joined the League three years ago.解析：。【备注 3】 句子中如有过去时的时间副词如yesterday, last week, in 1960时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。例如：错 Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.对 Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.【稳固练习 1】写出以下不规章动词的过去式和过去分词。如：go - went -gone ;becutdoseegetswimtakedrinkeatrunsayhaveputcome【稳固练习 2】挑选正确的答案1. You don't need to describe her. Iher several times.A. had metB. have metC. metD. meet解析：。2. - I'm so