2022年春季仁爱英语八年级下册Unit重点知识点总结及练习.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 仁爱英语八年级下册Unit 6 Enjoy Cycling Topic 1 We re going on a three-day visit to Mount Tai. 一重点句型；Section A 1. I have some exciting news to tell you. 我有一些兴奋人心的消息要告知你们；to tell you 是动词不定式短语,作定语；动词不定式作定语常常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后；e.g. I have nothing to talk about. 我没什么要说的；2. For our spring field trip, were going on a three-day visit to Mount Tai. 这次春游活动,我们将要去泰山三天；1）spring field trip 春游；2）a three-day visit 为期三天的参观；数词+名词的单数构成形容词作定语,类似的短语仍有：girls 800-meter race.女子八百米赛跑；3）go on a visit to. 去旅行 /参观；e.g. We went on a visit to The Great Wall last term. 上学期我们去长城参观了；3. Sounds exciting . 听起来太令人兴奋了！Sounds exciting . = It sounds exciting . sound是系动词,后面加形容词,构成系表结构；4. Let s make the decision together. 让我们一起来做个打算；make a decision 做个打算； decision 作名词,意为“ 打算” ,其的动词是decide；常用结构：decide to do sth. 打算做某事；e.g. He made a decision to look for a new job ；= He decided to look for a new job. 他打算去找份新工作；5. Let s find out some information about the cost. 让我们去查查有关付费用的资料吧；1）find out 发觉,查出真相；e.g. Can you find out the truth about it. 你能查出事情的真相吗？区分 find, find out, look for ：A. find 找到 ,发觉,通常指找到或发觉详细的东西,强调找的结果；e.g. I can find my shoes. 我找不到鞋子了；B. find out 找出 ,发觉 ,查明,多指通过调查询问、打听、讨论之后 过程；e.g. We may never find out the truth about what happened. 我们或许永久无法弄清发生了什么事；C. look for 查找,是有目的地找,强调“ 查找 ” 这一动作；“ 搞清晰 ,弄明白 ” ,通常含有困难曲折的e.g. Ilooking for my keys. I cant find them. 我在查找我的钥匙；我找不到它们；6. I ll ask the airline over the phone. 我将打电话问问航空公司；此句仍可说成 I ll phone and ask the airline. 这里的 phone 作动词,意为“ 打电话” ；phone sb. = call sb. = ring sb. up 打电话给某人；phone 既可作动词,也可作名词,意为“ 电话,电话机 ” ；. e.g. May I use the phone in your office. 我可以借用你办公室的电话吗I will phone you, if I go to the library. 假如我去图书馆,我就打电话给你；7. Bring your information tomorrow and we ll decide on the best way to travel on our field trip. 明天把你们查到的资料带来,我们再打算最好的春游方式；1）A. decide on/upon 打算,选定；e.g. We re trying to decide on a school.我们正在设法选定一个学校；B. decide to do sth.打算要做某事；e.g. He decides to visit the Mount Huang this summer holiday. 暑假他打算要参观黄山；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 22 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2）the best way to do. 做 , 的最好方式,这里的动词作前面名词的定语；e.g. The best way to keep healthy is to do more exercises. 保持健康的最好方式是多做运动；8. How long does it cost to get to Mount Tai by？乘 , 去泰山要花多长时间？9. How much does it take to go there by 乘 , 去那里要花多少钱？10. Where do you plan to visit. 你方案去哪儿参观？plan 作动词,意为“ 方案” ；常用结构 : plan to do sth.；plan 仍可以作名词,意为“ 方案” ；常用短语有：make a plan for sth. （为某事）制定方案；have a plan 有一个方案；e.g. We plan to go to America this year. 我们准备今年去美国；You d better make a plan for the new term. 你最好为新学期制定一个方案；11. How much does it cost to get there. 到那儿花费了多少钱？cost在这里作动词,意为“ 需付费,价格为” ,其主语是物；常用结构：sth. + costs+ sb. + sth.+ to do sth. e.g. It cost me ten yuan to buy a hamburger. 我花了十块钱买一个汉堡；cost仍可以作名词,意为“ 费用,花费,价钱” ；e.g. They can t afford the high cost of housing. 区分 cost, take, spend, pay：他们负担不起住房的昂扬费用；A. cost的主语是物或某种活动,常用结构：sth. costs sb. 金钱,某物花了某人 多少钱；e.g. A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱；B. take 的主语是物, It takes sb. 时间 to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间；e.g. It took them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完了这条路；C. pay 的主语必需是人,常用于以下结构：1 pay sb. money for sth. 付钱 给某人 买 ；e.g. I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付 2 pay for sth. 付 的钱；e.g. I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款；D. spend 的主语必需是人,常用于以下结构：1 spend time / money on sth. 在 上花费时间 金钱 ；20 英磅的房租；e.g. I spent two hours on this maths problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时；2 spend time / money in doing sth. 花费时间 金钱 做某事；e.g. They spent two years in building this bridge. Section B 造这座桥花了他们两年时间；1. Kangkang is booking train tickets to Mountain Tai. 康康正预订到泰山的火车票；句中的 book 是动词,意为 “ 订票,预订 ” ,相当于 order ；order/book a room for sb./sth. 为 , 订房间；e.g. We want to book some rooms for 14th. 我们想预订一些 14 号那天的房间；2. The train leaves at 11:15 a.m. And arrives at Taishan Railway Station at 6:17. 火车上午11：15 动身,下午6：17 抵达泰山火车站；arrive in 和 arrive at 都有到达的意思, 但两者是有区分的： arrive at+ 较小的地点名词, 如 school,park,zoo. arrive in+ 较大的地点名词,如 Beijing ,ShangHai e.g. He will arrive at school soon. 他很快就要到达学校啦；e.g. She has arrived in NanJing yesterday. 她昨天就到南京了；3. We have tickets at ￥ 145 for the hard sleeper and ￥224 for the soft sleeper.我们有硬卧票 145 元,软卧票 224 元；名师归纳总结 1）句中的介词at 意为“ 以 , ,在 , ” ,一般用于表示价格、比率、年龄、速度等词的前面；第 2 页,共 22 页e.g. He is driving at 70 mph. 他正以时速70 英里的速度驾车行驶；- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2）句中的 for 意为 “ 供,适合于 ” ；e.g. Ive got two tickets for the Cup Final. 我弄到两张决赛的票；4. I d like to book 21 tickets for the hard sleeper. 我要订 21 张硬卧票；21 tickets for the hard sleeper =21 hard sleeper tickets 5. Please pay for the tickets before 5:30 p.m. 请在 5：30 之前付款；A. pay for 支付 , 的费用；e.g. I have to pay for the damage. 我不得不赔偿缺失；B. pay for sb. to do sth. 付钱给某人做某事；e.g. Her parents paid for her to go to America. 她的父母支付她去美国的费用；C. pay some money for sth.花多少钱买某物；e.g. I paid ￥80 for the ticket. 我花了 80 元买这张票；与 pay 搭配的词组仍有很多；如：pay back 偿仍,仍钱（给某人）；pay off 仍清；6. How much does a standard room cost . 一个标准间的价格是多少？7. We have rooms with a bathroom, TV , fridge and air conditioner. 我们有带浴室、电视、冰箱、空调的房 间；with a bathroom 中的 with 意为“ 带有” ,作状语；e.g. It s a new house with a beautiful garden. 这是一幢带有美丽花园的新居子；with 的反义词： without. e.g. He went to school without breakfast. 他没有吃早餐就去上学了；8. Also, from the windows you can see the mountains. 此外,透过窗户你可以看到群山；句中的介词短语from the windows 作状语,前置；正常语序为：You can also see the mountain from the windows. Section C 1. Borrow money from friends. 从伴侣那儿借钱；borrow sth. from sb. 从某人中借来某事物,相对于主语来说是借进来东西；e.g. Can I borrow some books from you. 我能从你那儿借些书吗？lend sth. to sb.把某物借给某人；相对于主语来说是借出去；e.g. Can you lend your pen to me.你能把你的铅笔借给我吗？2. Give a show. 演出；A. give a show 演出,作秀；e.g. The actors can give a show out in the open in a few minutes after they arrive. 演员到达后,几分钟内就会演出；B. give sb. a show 给某人展现；e.g. Letgive our teachers a good show.让我们给我们的老师们一个良好的展现吧；s very common to raise money in Canadian and American schools. 在加拿大和美国的学校里筹钱是很 3. It 正常的；raise money 筹钱；e.g. We can raise the money ourselves. 我们可以自己筹钱；4. It costs each student one dollar to buy a ticket for the draw. 每一个同学花一美元便可买到一张抽奖的票；1）A. each 作主语,谓语用单数；e.g. Each of the students spends one dollar buying a ticket. 每个同学花一美元买一张票；B. each 用于单数名词前,作定语,谓语用单数；e.g. Each student has their own e-mail address. 每个同学都有自己的邮箱地址；C. 用于复数主语后,作主语同位语,谓语用复数；e.g. They each have their own e-mail address. 他们有自己的邮箱地址；2）A. draw 既可作名词也可作动词,作名词时,意为“ 抽签” ；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 22 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - e.g. The draw for the second round of the World Cup 世界杯足球赛其次轮抽签；B. draw 作动词时,意为“ 抽签” ；其过去式和过去分词分别是：drew, drawn ；e.g. Before playing cards we drew for partners. 我们在玩纸牌之前,用抓牌的方式打算嬉戏伙伴；C. draw 作动词,仍可以意为“ 绘画” ；e.g. I can draw. 我会画画；5. So we decided to take the train. 所以我们打算搭火车；A. take 在此处意为“ 乘坐（某物）；搭乘（某种交通工具）；take a bus 搭公交车；e.g. take the train 搭火车；take a plane 搭飞机；take the subway 搭地铁；B. take v. 带走,拿走；e.g. I m taking the children for a swim later. 我一会儿要带孩子们去游泳；6. Many of us didn t have enough money, so Michael advised us to raise money, such as putting on a show, and selling flowers and old books. 我们中很多人没有足够的前,因此迈克尔建议我们做一些筹钱活动,比 如办展览、卖花、旧书；1）enough 作形容词,意思是 " 足够的 ;充分的 " ,常与 for 或不定式连用,可以作定语或表语；作定语置于被修饰的名词前后均可,前置时强调enough,后置时强调被修饰词；e.g. Five men will be quite enough. 五个人就足够了；I hope there are enough glasses for each guest. 我期望这里有足够的杯子给每位客人；enough 作副词的意思是 "特别地 ;充分地 ;足够地 ;充分地 ",置于被修饰的形容词或副词之后,常与不定式或介词 for 连用 ,在句子中作状语,表示程度；e.g. This article is difficult enough to write. 这篇文章够难写得了；2）advise v. 建议；常用结构：advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事；其名词形式：advice,是不行数名词；e.g. I advised her to lose weight,but she didn't take my advice. 我建议她减肥,但是她不接受我的建议；3）A. raise 在这里意为“ 筹集,召集” ；raise an army 招募军队；raise money 筹钱；e.g. We are raising money for the project Hope. 我们正在为期望工程筹钱；B. raise 意为“ 饲养,种植” ；raise cows 养牛；raise corn 种植玉米；e.g. We raise some ducks on the farm. 我们在农场养了些鸭子；C. raise 仍可以意为 ” 提升,举起,提起“ ,是一个及物动词（vt.,后面必需接宾语；rise 也表示“ 升起” ,但其是不及物动词（vi.）,后面不能加宾语；e.g. He raised a hand in greeting. 他扬起手致敬；The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起；4）put on 在这里意为“ 上演,上映” ,仍可以意为“ 穿上” ；e.g. The local drama group are putting on “ Sister Jiang”当地的剧团正在首都剧场演出江姐. at the Capital Theater. What dress shall I put on for the meeting. 我穿什么衣服去开会 .7. I m looking forward to hearing from you. 我希望收到你的来信；1）look forward to 意为 “ 期望,希望 ” ,其中 to 是介词,不是不定式符号,后面应接名词、名词性词组、代词或动名词,且常用于进行时；e.g. Im really looking forward to our vacation. 我特别期望假期的到来；2）hear from sb.=get a letter, telephone call, etc. from sb.= receive a letter, telephone call, etc. from sb. 收到某人的来信、电话等；e.g. I didn hear from my parents until now. I miss them very much. 直到现在我才收到父母的来信,我特别思念他们；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 22 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 1. The best way to raise money is to sell newspapers. 最好的筹钱方式是卖报纸；1） 句中有两个动词不定式短语 to raise money 和 to sell newspapers 它们在句中分别作定语和表语；to raise money 意为“ 筹钱”,修饰名词 way；假如把上面的句子倒过来就变为：To sell newspapers is the best way to raise money.这时动词不定式短语to sell newspapers 作主语；2） sell 动词,意为“ 出售,售卖；” 其反义词为：buy 买；常用结构：sell sth. to sb. e.g. Do you sell stamps. 你这儿卖邮票吗？I sold my car to James for $800. 我把我的汽车以800 美元的价格转让给了詹姆斯；8. I think we can sell flowers to raise money at the weekend. 我认为我们可以在周末卖花筹钱；表示 “ 在周末 ” 之意时,英国英语中用at: at weekends/ at the weekend ；美国英语中用on: on weekends/ on the weekend.Section D 1. But the most interesting thing for me was to take photos. 但是对于我来说最好玩的事情是照相；1）to take photos 不定式短语在此句中作表语；e.g. My job is to teach you English. 我的工作就是教你们英语；2）take photos 照相；2. On the third day of our trip,we climbed Mount fuji. 在我们旅行的第三天,我们怕了富士山；On the third day of. , 的第三天；在详细某一天的早、中、晚上,前用介词 on；e.g. on the morning of March 10 th. 在三月十日的上午；on a cold evening 在一个冰冷的夜晚；3. It was snowing when we got to the top.当我们到达山顶时,正在下雪；1）get to the top 到达山顶；2）get to = reach = arrive in （+ 大地点） /at（+小地点）到达某地；4. I was so excited that I didn t feel cold at all. 我太兴奋了以至于一点儿也没觉得冷；so. that. 意为“ 如此, 以至于 , ”;其结构式：so + 形容词 /副词 + that + 状语从句；e.g. He was so happy that he danced in the street. 他太兴奋了,以至于在街上跳舞；5. The weather was pleasant.天气很舒服；6. During our trip, in the evening, I sometimes went swimming in the pool while my best friend, Kelly, always went shopping. 在旅途中,晚上我有时去游泳池游泳,而我的好伴侣凯莉总是去购物；1）区分：sometimes, some times, sometime, some time A. sometimes 为副词,意思为“ 有时 ” ,可用于句首、句中或句末,在句中作状语；e.g. Sometimes he goes to the cinema on Sunday.星期天他有时去看电影；B. some times 是词组,意思为“几次,几倍 ” ,其中的times为可数名词的复数形式；e.g. He has been to Beijing for some times before. 他以前去过北京几次；C. sometime 指某个不明确的时间,意思为“ 某个时候 ” ；e.g. Well take our holiday sometime in August. 我们将在八月的某个时候度假；D. some time 指某一段时间,其中的 time 为不行数名词,意思为“ 时间 ” ；e.g. I spend some time practicing speaking English every day. 我每天花一些时间练习说英语；2）A. while 用于对比两件事物,意为“ 而,然而 ” ；e.g. I like swimming, while my brother likes watching TV at home.我喜爱游泳,而我的哥哥喜爱在家看电视；B. while 引导时间状语从句时,意为“ 在, 期间,当 , 的时候,与, 同时” ；e.g. You can go swimming while I m having lunch. 我吃午饭时,你可以去游泳；7. It was really an interesting place to visit. 那儿真是一个值得游玩的好玩的地方；to visit 不定式在此句中作定语修饰前面的名词；e.g. After Earth is a very fantastic movie to watch. 重返世界是部值得一看的出色电影；P.S.: 假如不定式动词是不及物动词时,后面须加相应的介词；e.g. We need some paper to write on. 我们需要一些纸写字；二重点词组；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 22 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 1. some exciting news 一些兴奋人心的消息；2. spring field trip 春游；3. a three-day visit 为期三天的参观；4. go on a visit to. 去 , 旅行 /参观；5. How wonderful. 太棒了！6. a few days 几天；7. make a decision 做个打算；8. choose proper vehicles 挑选合适的交通工具；9. decide on/upon 打算,选定；10. decide to do sth. 打算要做某事；11. phone sb. = call sb. = ring sb. up 打电话给某人；12. find out 发觉,查出真相；13. the best way to do. 做 , 的最好方式；14. plan to do sth. 方案做某事；15. make a plan for sth. （为某事）制定方案；16. have a plan 有一个方案；17. sth. costs sb. 金钱 某物花了 某人 多少钱；It takes sb. 时间 to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间；名师归纳总结 pay sb. money for sth. 付钱 给某人 买 , ；第 6 页,共 22 页pay for sth. 付 , 的钱；spend time / money on sth. 在 , 上花费时间金钱 ；spend time / money in doing sth. 花费时间 金钱 做某事；18. go climbing 爬山；19. have a picnic 野炊；20. have an English Corner 英语角；21. go swimming 去游泳；22. take photos 照相；23. order/book a room for sb./sth. 为 , 订房间；24. railway station 火车站；25. On April 13th在 4 月 13 日；26. the hard sleeper 硬卧；27. the soft sleeper 软卧；28. pay back 偿仍,仍钱（给某人）；29. pay off 仍清；30. telephone/phone number 电话号码；31. departure time 发车时间；32. arrival time 到达时间；33. book some rooms 定一些房间；34. air conditioner 空调；35. have rooms with a bathroom 带浴室的房间；36. see the mountains 观察群山；37. a standard room 一间标间；38. two single beds 两张单人床；39. a single room 一间单人房；40. a standard room with two single beds 一间双人标准间；41. one single room with one single bed 一间标准单人间；42. raise money 筹钱；- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 43. lucky money 压岁钱；44. ask sb. for money 想某人要钱；45. borrow sth. from sb. 从某人中借来某事物；46. lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人；47. give a show 演出,作秀；48. give sb. a show 给某人展现；49. have many special ways 有很多特殊的方式；50. think of 想起；考虑；有 , 想法；51. mobile phone 移动电话；52. order a special lunch 定特殊的午餐；53. collect money 收集钱；54. in a restaurant 在餐馆；55. take the train 火车；56. enough money 足够的钱；57. advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事；58. put on 上演,上映；穿上；59. sell flowers 卖花；60. raise an army 招募军队；61. raise cows 养牛；62. raise corn 种植玉米；63. look forward to 期望,希望；64. hear from sb. =get a letter, telephone call, etc. from sb. = receive a letter, telephone call, etc. from sb. 收到某人的来信、电话等；65. sell newspapers 卖报纸；66. sell old books 卖旧书；67. at the weekend（英式） = on the weekend（美式）在周末；68. take photos 照相；69. so. that. 如此 , 以至于 , ；70. On the third day of. , 的第三天71. in the pool 在游泳池；72. best friend 最好的伴侣；73. get to the top 到达山顶；74. get to = reach = arrive in （+ 大地点） /at（ +小地点）到达某地；三 重点语法；动词不定式动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种；所谓非谓语动词就是不作谓语,没有人称和数的变化；不定式的构成：to do sth do 代表动词原形 ,其否定形式是 not to do sth,有时也可以不带 to；to 只是不定式的一个符号,没有任何实际意义；另外,动词不定式具有动词的性质,可以带宾语和状语；不定式可以担当除谓语外的任何句子成分,即：主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语；详细用法如下：1. 不定式作主语：一般位于句首,谓语用单数；e.g. To go to college is our ideal. 上高校是我们的抱负；名师归纳总结 To learn foreign languages i