2022年新目标英语八年级上册语法知识点和练习.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备欢迎下载+练习新目标英语八年级上册英语语法学问点精讲（一）一般将来时一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态；通常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如 tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years 等；be going to do （动词原形）结构：表示准备、预备做的事情或者确定要发生的事情；如：It is going to rain. will do 结构表示将来的用法：1. 表示预见 Do you think it will rain. You will feel better after a good rest. 2. 表示意图 I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow. What will she do tomorrow. 基本构成如下：一般疑问句构成：（1）will+ 主语 +do . Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday. （2）there be 结构的一般疑问句：Will there + be . tWill there be fewer trees. Yes, there will. / No, there won否定句构成：will + not （wont）+do Sarah won t come to visit me next Sunday. 特别疑问句构成：特别疑问词 will 主语 ？ What will Sarah do next Sunday. 练一练依据例句,用 will 改写以下各句 例： I don t feel well today. （be better tomorrow ）I ll be better tomorrow. 1. Gina has six classes today. （have a lot of homework tonight ）_ 2. Im tired now. （sleep later）_ 3. My parents need a new car. （buy one soon）_ 4. We cant leave right now. （leave a little later ）_ 5. The weather is awful today. （be better tomorrow ）_ 答案： 1. She ll have a lot of homework tonight. 2. Ill sleep later. 3. Theyll buy one soon. 4. We ll leave a little later. 5. Maybe itll be better tomorrow. （二） should 的用法：should 用来提出建议和忠告,后边加动词原形,否定句直接在 should 后边加 not. 例如： I think you should eat less junk food. 我认为你应当少吃垃圾食品；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot. 她常常开车,很少走路；所以我认为她应当多走路；Students shouldnt spend too much time playing computer games. 同学们不应当花太多的时间玩运算机嬉戏；学习向别人提建议的几种句式：（1）I think you should （2）Well, you could （3）Maybe you should （4）Why don t you . （5）What about doing sth. （6）Youd better do sth. 练一练用 should 或 shouldn 填空 1. I cant sleep the n ight before exams. You _ take a warm shower before you go to bed. 2. Good friends _ argue each other. 3. There is little milk in the glass. We _ buy some. 4. They didnt invite you. Maybe you _ be friendlier. 5. I am a little bit overweight. So I think I _ do exercises every day. 答案： 1. should 2. shouldn t3. should 4. should 5. should （三）过去进行时过去进行时表示过去某一点时间正在进行的动作或者过去某一段时间内始终进行的动作；1. 构成 was /were + doing ,例如：I was watching TV at 9 oclock last nig clock last night 是时间点 at 9 oThey were playing football all afternoon. all afternoon 是时间段 2. 过去进行时的标志词at 8 oclock last night, this time yesterday 等；例如：I was having lunch at home this time yesterday. 昨天的这个时候我正在吃午饭；At that time she was writing a book. 那阵子她在写一本书；（表示她在那段时间里始终在做那件事情；）练一练用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空；1. This time yesterday I _ _ （read）books. 2. At 9 oclock last Sunday they _ _（have）a party. 3. When I _ （ come）into the classroom, she _ _ （read） a storybook. 4. She _ _（ play）computer games while her mother _ _ （cook）yesterday afternoon. 5. I _ _（have） a shower when you _（call）me yesterday. 答案： 1. was reading 2. were having 3. came; was reading 4. was playing; was cooking 5. was having; called （四）间接引语形成步骤：名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载（1）不要逗号,冒号,引号（2）要考虑到人称的变化（人称的变化与汉语是一样的）（3）要考虑时态的变化（4）要考虑时间状语、地点状语和语示代词的变化；1. 直接引语变成间接引语时,几个主要时态的变化规律 直接引语 间接引语一般现在时 一般过去时一般将来时 过去将来时现在进行时 过去进行时2. 直接引语变成间接引语时,一些词汇的变化规律 直接引语 间接引语1. am / is 1. was 2. are 2. were 3. have / has 3. had 4. will 4. would 5. can 5. could 6. may 6. might 练一练用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空；1. She said I _（be）hard-working. 2. Peter told me he _（be）bored yesterday. 3. She said she _（go）swimming last Sunday. 4. Bobby said he _ （may）call me later. 5. Antonio told me he _ （read）a book then. 答案： 1. was 2. was 3. went 4. might 5. was reading 请转述他人说的话：1. I go to the beach every Saturday. （Tom）2. I can speak three languages. （Lucy ）3. I will call you tomorrow. （Mike ）4. Im having a surprise party for Lana. （ she）（五） if 引导的条件状语从句结构： if 一般现在时,主语将来时含义：假如 ,将要 例如： If you ask him, he will help you. 假如你恳求他,他会帮忙你；If need be, well work all night. 假如需要,我们就干个通宵；练一练依据中文提示,完成句子；1. 假如你参与聚会,你将会过得很高兴；If you _ the party, you _. 2. 假如明天下雨,我们将不去野餐；If it _ tomorrow, we _. 3. 假如你常常听英文歌,你将会喜爱英语的；If you often _, you _. 答案：名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载1. If you go to the party, you will have a good time 2. If it rains tomorrow, we wont go to the picnic ll like English 3. If you often listen to English songs, you二. 完形填空特点及解题思路（一）题型分类与特点完形填空试题是在给出的一篇短文中有目的地拿掉如干个词,留下一些空格,要求考生借助短文保留的部分,从所给的短文整体动身,在正确懂得短文意思的基础上,依据句子和句子间的内在联系、词的用法和习惯搭配等,用适当的词或词语填空,使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整；这种题型测试的内容从形式上看是单词或短语的填空,但它必需留意到短文中上、下文意思连贯、词语搭配和语法结构正确,所以在空格上所填的词必需符合语义适用和语法正确两条原就,只考虑某一侧面都可能导致错误；中考中完形填空试题的基此题型分两类：完形填空挑选题和完形填空题；1. 完形填空挑选题：该题型的特点是将一篇短文中如干词语抽掉留下空格,对每一空格供应如干个挑选项,要求考生通读短文后,在懂得短文意思的基础上,运用所学的词汇、句型、语法等语言学问,从所供应的备选项中选出一个正确答案,使短文内容完整正确；中考完形填空主要以这种题型为主；它所给的短文一般与中学英语教材难易程度相当,字数在150200 个单词之内,多数设置10 个左右空格,所设考点涉及词汇、语法及对短文内容的懂得；短文的第一句一般不设空,以期供应一个语境,对每一空格设置的选项基本都属于相同或对等的词类,给判定挑选带来肯定的干扰,侧重考查了考生精确运用词汇的才能及对短文的整体懂得和规律推理才能；2. 选词填空题：该题型的特点是把抽出的词打乱次序,不按原文次序排列,放在短文前面或后面的方框内,有时仍增加几个文外的词,要求考生从中选出适当的词以正确的形式填入短文空格内；（A）Jack wanted to ask for two days off, 1 he had only learnt the phrase （短语） “ have a day off” . He 2 , then he had an idea. “Grandmother is ill. May I have a day off, 3 . ” he asked the teacher. “ Of course, you can. ” replied （答复） the teacher at once. After a while, the boy came to 4 at the teachers door. “ May I have a day off 5 . ”The teacher was very surprised, “ Didn t you 6 it just now. ” “Yes, sir. But I cant be here , either. ” The teacher understood him and could not help 8 . Then he said with a smile, “ Why didn t you say May I have two days off. ”The boy answered quickly 9 a loud voice. “ But you only 10 ushave a day off. ”（）1. A. but B. and C. or D. for （）2. A. thought hardly B. thought hard and hard C. hard thought D. thought and thought （）3. A. Miss B. sir C. teacher D. Mr （）4. A. strike B. best C. hit D. knock （）5. A. also B. again C. too D. once （）6. A. speak B. tell C. say D. do （）7. A. tomorrow B. the day after tomorrow C. yesterday D. the day before yesterday （）8. A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughed D. laughing （）9. A. with B. on C. in D. by （）10. A. teach B. taught C. are teaching D. were teaching （ B）请依据内容从所给的15 个单词中选出最恰当的10 个填入空白处,使短文完整,有些词要依据需要作适当的词形变化；than, so, tell, us, them, report, beause, love, composition, understand, to, that, much, for, what 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载A generation gap （代沟） has become a serious problem. I read a _（1）about it in the newspaper. Some children have killed _（2）after quarrels （争执） with parents. I think this is _ （3）they dont have a good talk with eacother. Parents now spend _（4）time in the office. _ （5）they dont have much time to stay with their children. As time passes, they both feel _（6）they dont have the same topics（话题） to talk about. I want to _ （7）parents to be more with your children, get to know them and understand them. And for children, show your feeling _（ 8）your parents. They are the people who _ （ 9）you. So tell them your thoughts _（10）of each other. 完形填空挑选题的一般解题思路是：（想法） . In this way, you can have a better 1. 跳过空格、通读全文、把握大意；先跳过空格,通读试题所给的要完形填空的短文,获得整体印象,做到弄清文 脉、抓住主旨,较好地把握短文大意；要在阅读懂得短文意思的基础上才开头判定挑选,切忌仓促下笔；2. 结合选项、综合考虑、初定答案；在懂得全文意思的基础上,再结合所给备选项细读全文,联系上、下文内容,留意从上、下文的语法结构和词语搭配及从挑选项中查找解题的提示,以词、句的意义为先,再从分析句子结构入手,依据短文意思、语法规章、词语固定搭配等进行综合考虑,对备选项逐一进行分析、比较和挑选,排除干扰项、初步 选定答案；3. 瞻前顾后、先易后难、各个击破；动笔时要瞻前顾后、通篇考虑、先易后难；对比较明显直接的、自己最有把握 的答案先做,一下子不能确定答案的,先跳过这一空格,连续往下做,最终回过头来再集中精力解决难点；这时可结 合已确定答案的选项再读一遍短文,随着对短文懂得的深化,可以降低试题的难度,提高挑选的正确率；4. 复读全文、逐空验证、补偿疏漏；完成各道题挑选后,把所选的答案代入原文,再把全文通读一篇,逐空仔细复 查；看所选定的答案是否使短文意思前后连贯、顺理成章,语法结构是否正确,是否符合习惯表达法；如发觉错误答 案或有疑问的,应再次推敲、反复斟酌、做出修正；完形填空试题的一般解题思路是：1. 跳过空格、通读短文、明白大意；解题时先跳过空格,通读完形填空的短文,明白全篇的内容和要旨；要重视首 句,善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点,理清文脉,估计全文主题及大意；2. 复读短文、确定语义、判定词形；把握短文大意后再仔细复读短文,利用上下文的语境,结合所学过的学问,先 确定空格处所需词语的意义,再依据空格在句子中的位置,判定其在句中充当的成分,从而确定所填词的词性,再依 据词语搭配和语法规章,判定所填的词的正确形式；3. 三读短文、上下参照、验证答案；在短文的每一空白处填上一个词后,将完成的短文再细读一遍,上下参照,连 贯摸索；把所填的答案放入短文中进行检验,可从上、下文内容是否和谐一样、顺理成章,语法结构是否正确无误等 进行综合验证,凡有疑问必需重新推敲考虑；（三）课文阅读指导1. 中学阅读 阅读懂得才能（1）懂得主旨要义（2）懂得文中详细信息（3）依据上下文推测生词的意义（4）做出简洁判定的推理（5）懂得文章的基本结构（6）懂得作者的意图和态度 2. 培育良好阅读习惯（1）扩大视距（2）克服声读（3）克服逐字读 3. 推测词文（1）通过标题或主题句进行推测（2）文章的标题或主题句可包括作者的意图和倾向、篇章的总体意义和深层意义,因此通过文章标题或主题句进名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载行推测,以便正确懂得；（3）通过语篇标记进行推测（4）语篇标记包括关联词、转换词也包括其他关键词；（5）利用背景学问推测（6）利用图片进行推测实战操练（答题时间： 80 分钟）一. 挑选填空；（）1. Beijing won the chances _ the 2022 Olympics. A. to host B. host C. hosting D. hosted （）2. Tiger Woods can make billions _ dollars a year. A. for B. with C. of D. on （）3. You looked so beautiful at the party. _. A. No, I dont think soB. Of course C. Thank you very much D. No, Im not beautiful（）4. The text is very easy for you. There are _ new words in it. A. a few B. a little C. few D. little （）5. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shopkeeper _ “Who Moved My cheese ” was an interesting book. A. that B. what C. how D. if （）6. In our English study reading is more interesting than speaking, I think. I don t agree. Speaking is _ reading. A. as important as B. so important as C. the more important D. the most important （）7. If he _ harder, hell catch up with us. A. work B. works C. worked D. will work （）8. The manager _ that the business would be worse after the stock （股票） went down. A. talked B. told C. said D. spoke （）9. We should keep _ in the reading-room. A. quiet B. quietly C. quite D. quickly （）10. I think everything goes on well. _. （A. So I do B. I do so C. So do I D. So is I 第 6 页,共 9 页）11. If you want to watch TV, you may turn _. （A. down B. it on C. on it D. it off ）12. I m sorry I havent got any money. Ive _ my handbag at home. （A. missed B. left C. put D. forgotten ）13. He is listening to the music _ she is washing clothes. （A. after B. before C. that D. while ）14. It takes _ time to go to Beijing by plane than by train. （A. more B. fewer C. longer D. less ）15. Excuse me. Have you got an eraser. 名师归纳总结 Sorry, I havent. Why _ you ask Mary. Perhaps shes got one. A. do B. don tC. did D. didnt- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载二. 挑选恰当的答语；_1. What were you doing when the UFO landed. A. Your teacher won t let you in. _2. Will people use paper B. He said I couldnt stay out late. money in the future. _3. I cant sleep, what should I do. C. I was doing my homework. _4. If I wear jeans to school, D. No, they wont. Everyowhat will happen. will have a credit card. _5. What did your father say. 三. 依据汉语提示填空：E. You should listen to some relaxing music. 1. 不知道该怎么办,你能给我点建议吗？I don t know _ to do, can you give me some _ _. 2. 外星人正在买纪念品的时候,我给警察打了个电话；While the alien was _ a souvenir, I _ the police. 3. 我放学回家的路上,观察一只猫从窗户里跑了出来；On my way home from school, I saw a cat get _ _ a window. 4. 我不想在电话里跟你谈论这件事情；I don t want to talk _ _ it with you _ the phone. 5. 我们要在周五晚上为约翰举办一个惊喜的晚会；We are going to have a _ party for John _ Friday evening. 四. 完形填空：把下面五个句子放在文章中的恰当位置,使文章完整；Three men went up in a balloon（气球）. They started early in London. The headman was Ted, and the other two men were Davy and Emilio. 1 Soon they heard the sea. They were carrying the usual rope （绳子） , and it was hanging down from the basket of the balloon. At the end of the rope they had tied a metal box. This could hold water, or it could be empty. So 2 . It was for use over the sea. They were also carrying some bags of sand. After the sun rose, the balloon went higher. It went up to 3,000 metres, and 3 . The water in the balloon became ice. Snow fell past the mens basket, and they could see more snow on the ground. 4 , but it was hard. They tried to break the icy sand with their knives, but it was not easy. The work was slow and they were still falling, so they had to drop some whole bags of sand. One of them fell on an icy lake and made a black hole in the ice. At last they pulled the box into the basket. It was still snowing; so 5 . They rose to 5,100 metres. Everything became icy. They were so cold that they decided to land. They came down in Poland heavily but safely. They had travelled 1,797 kilometres from London. A. The men tried to throw out some more sand B. they were able to change its weight （重量）C. They had a big balloon and they were ready for a long way. D. they climbed to get away from the snow E. the air there was very cold 五. 阅读懂得（A）Einstein Was Waiting for His Friend Once Einstein was waiting for one of his friends on a bridge. He was thinking a oblem. While he was waiting, it began to rain. The rain kept on for some time. When Einstein took out a piece of paper from his pocket to write something down, the paper was wet and then he knew that it was raining. His clothes had become wet. But after he put the paper into his pocket, he forgot he was standing in the rain again. Many scientists are not careful with their lives. This is because they are too careful with their studies. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载1. What did Einstein do. He was _. A. a doctor B. a teacher C. a scientist 2. Why was Einstein on a bridge. A. Because he was writing something on the bridge. B. Because he was waiting for a friend. C. Because he was thinking. 3. It rained _. A. sometimes B. for some time C. for a long time 4. Einstein _ an