2022年江苏牛津高中英语模块五unit语法非谓语动词导学案.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师精编 优秀教案非谓语动词预习单（一）认真阅读下面的内容,并按要求完成后面的摸索题：（一）非谓语动词的句法功能： 充当除谓语动词以外的各种句子成分如： Seeing is believing. 其次 需要留意的一些结构：A It s no use no good doing sth. 如： It s no use quarrelling with such a fellow .成分类别主语宾语表语定语状语宾补B 在 It s + adj. 结构中都用不定式作主语；留意两种句型：It s easy difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary + for sb. to do不定式 to+ vIt kind nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate 考虑周到的 ,mean卑鄙的 , silly, selfish 自私的 后加 of sb. to do动名词 -ing、非谓语动词作表语留意两个问题 : 现在分词 -ing一是并行结构问题To see is to believe 二是时间问题： 一般来说, 不定式作表语都表示该动作发生在将来,故在表示 “ 目的（aim, purpose）、过去分词 -ed愿望 wish, hope、理想 dream、需求 need” 等名词作主语时其表语应当用不定式；动名词作表语一般用来表示“ 身份、职业” 等；（二）非谓语动词的分类,意义,构成：否定式复合结构特点和作用My job is teaching. 非 谓 语构成My dream of life is to become a scientist. 另外要特殊留意现在分词和过去分词作表语的区分；（人“d” ,物“g” ）形式时态和语态现在分词 说明主语所具有的特点；The speech was inspiring. for sb. to do sth. 具出名词,副to do 过去分词 多表示主语所处的状态；The students were greatly inspired. 词 和 形 容 词不定式to have done to be done 、非谓语动词作定语of sb. to do sth. 的作用 ; 在句to be doing to have been done 在非谓语前Do you know the student seated/sitting at the back of the classroom. 中做主、宾、to have been doing Have you read the news referring to house prices. 你读到有关房价的新闻了吗？定、表和状语动名词doing being done 加not或the concerned parents 忧心的家长sb. / sbs doing 具 有 名 词 的never the parents concerned 相关的家长作主语仅用sbs 作 用 ;在 句 中特殊留意 ：非谓语动词作定语时要留意以下区分：doing 做主、宾、定having done having been done not having A 分词作定语时与其所修饰的名词有规律上的主谓关系；a sleeping child, 和表语现done; B 动名词作定语时只表示用途、场所等意义；a sleeping bag, ones not s 具 有 副 词 和C 不定式作定语时要留意以下一些固定结构：在doing being done doing / one在 ability, attempt, chance, courage, decision, effort, power, right , time 等名词后；分having done having been done not having 形 容 词 的 作由序数词 ,only, last, next 或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语；如：分词done 用 ; 在句中做I don t think he is the best man to do the job. 词过定、表、宾补He is always the first / the last one to leave the office. 去 分done 和状语D 表示被动意义的非谓语动词作定语时的用法：done 表示已经完成的动作：meeting held 已经召开的会议；词to be done 表示尚未开头的动作：a meeting to be held 即将召开的会议；（三）非谓语动词的考点：being done 表示正在进行之中的动作：a meeting being held 正在召开的会议；a 、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区分：一个单句只能有一个谓语,两个动作之间用 and 连接称为并列谓语,并列谓语需留意两个动词的形式的一样性；不用 and 连接时,只能用非谓语动词；如：“Cant you read.” Mary said _ to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing 、非谓语动词作主语,留意以下两个重要问题：第一 是并行结构问题,即主表一样性 、非谓语动词作宾语留意点 不定式和动名词都可以做及物动词或介词的宾语；以下动词只能用不定式做宾语,这个口诀可以帮忙大家记忆：决心学会想期望,拒绝设法试图装,主动答应选方案,同意恳求帮一帮；decide, /determine, learn, want, /intend, expect, /hope,/ wish; /long,/ desire, 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - refuse, manage, attempt , pretend; 名师精编优秀教案（利2. 动名词和分词分别不行以作哪些成分？offer, promise, choose, plan,/ 3. 哪一种非谓语动词充当的成分最多？agree, ask, /beg ,help 4. 非谓语动词的否定形式是怎么构成的？与谓语动词有什么区分？复合结构的否定形式是怎样仍有 afford, happen, fail ,tend, 等动词也接不定式做宾语；的？举例说明；,动词know, show, teach 等常带疑问词加to do 作宾语；5. 现在分词的完成被动式是怎样的？举个例句；如： My mother taught me how to use the new washing machine. 6. 非谓语动词作主语和表语要留意的同一个问题是什么？Seeing is to believe. 对吗？在某些复合宾语中,用it 做形式宾语,而把不定式放到后面去；7. 在“It is + adj +of/for +sb. to do sth. ” 结构中怎么挑选of 或 for ？请举例说明；即： consider / feel / think / find / make it n./adj. to do sth. 8. 用正确的非谓语形式做表语,翻译“ 我来这里的目的是说服他戒烟；” 并说明；例如： I found it impossible to finish the work on time. 9. 分别说出哪些动词后面只跟不定式做宾语哪些后面只跟动名词做宾语,看谁记得多记得准；以下动词只能接动名词做宾语, 记住下面的口诀用两个口诀； ）防止错过观赏,10. 讲出 allow, permit, advise, forbid, 等词的用法特点；禁止推迟完成,11. 动词want, need, require, deserve 等词后加动名词作宾语时表示什么意义？举例说明连续忍耐否认,12. 哪些词后面既可以跟不定式又可以跟动名词,但是意义不同？看谁列举得多；承认希望原谅,小试牛刀：答应想像冒险,1、在以下句子中,每句都有一处错误,请指出,并用预习的语法规章作具体说明；介意不禁空想,1. I am sorry I can t help cleaning the classroom for you. 建议考虑逃亡；2. I can t stand people to interrupt me all the time when I am working. consider, suggest/advise, look forward to , excuse/pardon/ forgive ,3. “Don forget to write back soon ”, Mum shouted and waving good-bye to me. admit ,delay/put off, fancy; avoid,miss,keep /keep on, practice; 4. - What do you think of the meeting to be held yesterday. deny, finish, appreciate,/ enjoy ,forbid,/ prevent, imagine, stand/bear ,risk; - It was a complete failure. can t help , mind ,allow /permit ,escape 5. It was foolish for him to waste so much money on such a computer. 此外仍有 be used to, lead to, devote to, stick to, object to 反对 ,get down to, feel like 等动词或短语,6. The purpose of the activity is teaching the students how to cooperate with their teammates. 也要用动词作宾语 , 要特殊留意 to 的词性；7. Women were forbidden voting in that country by law. 但 假如在 allow ,permit ,forbid ,advise 后提到有关的人,就只能用不定式作宾补；即 ; 8. She pretended not seeing me when I passed by. allow/ permit/forbid/advise + sb. + to do sth. 9. The problem requires being considered again. 在动词 want, need, require, deserve 等词后加动名词作宾语时表示被动意义,相当于 to be done；10. I do agree that recycling may be the key to help both sides. 特殊留意：带不定式和动名词作宾语意义不同的动词：remember, forget, regret, try, go on, mean, stop stop to do 停止手中事,去做另一件事stop doing 停止正在做的事remember/forget/regret to do （指动作尚未发生）remember/forget/regret doing （指动作已经发生）try to do （设法,努力去做,尽力）try doing （试试去做,看有何结果）mean to do（准备做,妄想做）mean doing （意识是,意味着）go on to do（接着做另外一件事）go on doing （接着做同一件事）can t help to do （不能帮忙做）can t help doing （忍不住要做）摸索题 ：1. 非谓语动词和谓语动词有什么区分？名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 非谓语动词预习单（二）名师精编优秀教案（ being sung 是现在分词被动式作宾补,表被动正在进行） 、非谓语动词作宾语（主语）补足语宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的动作或状态的；被动结构中常常成为主语补足语；如：三、使役动词make, let, get, have 等的宾语补足语的用法; You can depend on him to help you. 1 make/let/have + 宾语+ do 但是 get + 宾语 + to do 使/ 让/ 叫 某人去做某事A n English song was heard sung yesterday evening. 主语补足语 Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt. 妈妈让我去商店买些盐；Have you noticed him cheating when you passed by. 不定式和分词都可以做宾语补足语,请认真争论下面的表格：You may get your son to carry the heavy box for you. 你可以让你的儿子帮你被这个重箱子；2 have + 宾语+ doing 使/让 连续地做某事； （疑问句、否定句）容忍,答应做宾补的常 见 动 词与宾语的规律关例句get + 宾语 + doing 使/让 开头行动起来His question got the students thinking. 他的问题使同学们摸索起来；非 谓 语系准时间概念I won t have you walking home all by yourself. 我不会让你独自走回家的；ask, beg, expect, get, 主谓关系；强调The teacher encouraged me to work hard. 3 have/get /make+ 宾语+ done 使/让 / 叫 某事由别人去做；order, tell, want, wish, 动作将发生或已have sth done 仍表示“ 使遭受”；不定式encourage sb.to do sth.经完成；I heard him call me several times. I ll have/get my bike repaired tomorrow. 我明天得（请人）修一下我的自行车；have 让 , notice, see, Tom had his legs broken while playing football. 汤姆踢足球时伤了腿；watch, hear, feel, let, Who would you like to havedo the 提别提示：被动语态中,不定式做主语补足语时to 肯定要加上；make sb. do sth.experiment. Though he had often made his little sister cry, that day he was made to cry by his little sister. 4 leave/keep + 宾语 + doing 使保持某种状态notice, see, watch, hear, 主谓关系；强调I found her listening to the radio. 现在分词find, have 让 , feel, 动作正在进行,He has the machine running all the time. leave + 宾语 + undone 留下某事未做；keep, leave sb/sth 尚未完成I wont have my students cheating in the leave + 宾语 + to do / to be done 留下 要去做 /要被做doing/done exam. 否定句中表“ 容忍” The guest left most of the dishes untouched, because they didn t taste delicious. 动宾关系；动作We found the village greatly changed. 大部分的菜客人们都没有动,由于它们不行口；（被动、完成）过去分词已经完成,多强She was surprised that the washing machine It s wrong of you to leave the machine running. 你让机器始终开着是不对的；（主动、进行）调状态she had had repaired went wrong again. He went to the cinema, leaving me to do all the rest of the work. 用法要点详解：他去看电影了,留下我一个人去做剩余的全部的工作；（主动、将来）We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems to be settled. 我们匆忙忙忙终止了会议,留下很多问题等待解决（被动、将来）一、以下动词后面跟带to 的不定式做补语：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, like, love, order, persuade, prefer, require, teach, tell, want, warn, wish, think, wait for, call on, depend on 等；The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat. 医生警告他不要吃太多的肉；You are not allowed to smoke in this area. 不答应你在这个区域抽烟；二、感官动词 see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 等的宾语补足语的用法5 “ 主语 + be + said/believed/known/reported/considered 等 + 不定式” ,这个结构中的不定式做主语补足语；He is said to have gone abroad.= It is said that he has gone abroad.据说他出国了；He is considered to be the most diligent student in our class. 他被认为是我们班最勤奋的同学；6 特殊留意：hope, agree, demand, refuse 等没有宾补；I heard her sing an English song just now. 刚才我听到她唱了一首英文歌；我听见、非谓语动词作状语sing 是不带 to 的不定式,做宾补,表主动、完成 I heard her singing an English song when I passed her room yesterday.昨天经过她的房间的时候,一、不定式可作目的状语、结果状语等, 仍可以用早某些作表语的形容词后面作缘由状语；她在唱英文歌；I stayed there to see what would happen. 他待在那里,想看看会发生什么；（目的）（singing 是现在分词一般主动式作宾补,表主动,正在进行）He hurried to the station only to find the train gone. 他匆忙赶到火车站, 结果发觉火车已经开走了； （结I heard an English song sung by a little girlthe other day. 几天前我听到一个小女孩唱了一首英文歌；果）（sung 是过去分词作宾补,表被动、完成）I am very glad to see you. 我很兴奋见到你； （缘由）名师归纳总结 I heard an English song being sung by a little girlwhen I passed her room yesterday. 昨天经过她的房间She is too tired to do the job. 她太累了,做不了那项工作；（结果）第 3 页,共 15 页的时候,听见一个小女孩正在唱一首英文歌；二、分词在句中可以作时间状语、缘由状语、条件状语、让步状语、相伴状语等；如：- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Being sick, I stayed at home. 我由于生病待在家中； （缘由）名师精编优秀教案例如：Having been shown around the school , the experts gave our headmaster some advice. To be frank = Frankly speaking, I dont like your attitude.带专家们转了我们的学校后,他们给我们的校长提出了一些建议；（时间）Believe it or not, he left me standing in the rain for nearly half an hour. United, we stand; divided, we fell. 团结就存,分裂就亡； （条件）7、分词作状语相当于带有关联词的状语从句,所以,要留意不能再次使用关联词；如：The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it . _ many times, but he still couldn t understand it. 那孩子跌倒了,头碰在门上碰破了；（结果）A. Having been told B. Though he had been told C. He was told D. Having told The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students. 、几个需要特殊留意的问题：老师走进试验室,后面跟着一些同学；相伴 一、非谓语动词的时态语态 使用非谓语动词的时候务必留意非谓语动词和主句的谓语动词的先后Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. 关系以及它和主句的主语之间的规律关系（是主动关系仍是被动关系）；如：告知他多次,他仍是犯同样的错误；（让步）1. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. 99 N三、留意点：1、非谓语动词的规律主语必需和句子的主语保持一样,构成主动或被动关系；A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying 此题的关键是“what country he studied in ”,由此可知（非谓语的）事情发生在过去；2、表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连接词while 或 when 引导；如：2. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. 02 N Be careful when crossing the street. 过公路时当心；A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen 3、有时,“ with 或 without + 名词（或代词宾格）+ 分词” 的结构表示相伴状况或缘由；remain 后接to do,此处 it 指代的是后面的主语从句；他们是否喜爱有待于观看,此处应为被动；With all the work finished, he happily went home. 工作都做好了,他开心地回家了；二、动名词的复合结构: sb. / sbs doing 作主语仅用sbs doing ,如：4、当分词的规律主语与主句的主语不同时,分词须有自己的主语,构成独立主格结构；这种结构在It is difficult to imagine his _the decision without any consideration. 句中多作相伴状语；亦可用来表示时间、缘由、条件等；例如：A. accept B. accepting C. to accept D. accepted The young man rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat. 年轻人冲进屋,满脸是汗；imagine 后跟动名词作宾语,由形容词性物主代词his 和 accepting 构成复合结构The monitor being ill, we d better put the meeting off. 班长病了,我们仍是延期开会吧；三、不定式的复合结构Weather permitting, we will go out. = If weather permits, we will go out. 1. for sb. to do sth. 前面的 sb. 一般是不定式的规律主语,要特殊留意他们是主动关系仍是被动关It being Sunday today, the library doesnt open.系；=Because it is Sunday today, the library doesnt open.It is necessary for you to finish the work before Friday. 5、某些固定结构中,分词的规律主语不受句子主语的限制,可独立使用,称为独立分词结构或悬垂There are a lot of difficulties for us to overcome. 分词；这些结构有：In order for the patient to be treated at once, they took him to the nearest hospital as quickly as possible.adv. generally/frankly/personally/honestly/strictly + speaking, （patient 和 treat 是动宾关系,即被动关系）judging from / by 从判定或： In order to be treated at once, the patient was taken to the nearest hospital as quickly as possible. considering / taking into consideration His idea is for us to travel in different cars. supposing /providing / provided that 假如2. of sb. to do sth. given sth./ that假如,考虑到 It brave _ into the burning building to save the baby. 例如：A. for him to go B. for him going C. of him going D. of him to go Judging by his dress, he comes from a wealthy family. 四、 there be 的非谓语形式：Frankly speaking, I don't like him at all. 1 动词 +there to be / there being （作宾语）如： I don want there to be any misunderstanding between them. 我不期望他们之间有什么误会；6、某些动词不定式常用作独立副词成分 To make things/matters even worse They deny there being any misunderstanding between them. 他们否认他们之间有误会；I canimagine there being so few people in the library. 我无法想象图书馆里人这么少；名师归纳总结 To begin with 2 介词 +there being （作宾语）第 4 页,共 15 页To tell you the truthHe was surprised at there being so many people waiting there. To be honest/ exact / strict / frank 他对很多人等在那里感到惊讶；Believe it or not 留意： for there to be 常用在 It be + adj. for. 的结构中- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师精编 优秀教案It is not uncommon for there to be problems of communication between old and young 2、“ have + 宾语 +宾补” 结构中,宾补有几种形式？各表示什么意思？老人与年青人之间存在着沟通问题是很常见的；（作主语）作状语 3、过去分词做宾补多表示什么含义？It s too early for there to be anybody up 太早了,仍不会有人起床；4、不定式一般作什么状语从句？3）there being 结构作状语5、非谓语动词作状语时,应留意哪些问题？There being nobody else at hand, I had to do by myself 由于邻近没有人,我只得独自干了；缘由状语 There having been no rain for a long time ,the ground was very dry 由于好长时间没下雨了,地面特别干燥；缘由状语 五、不带 to 的动词不定式1在有些使役动词及感官动词后可用省略 to 的动词不定式, 如 let, make, have, hear, see, feel, smell, hear, watch 等；但改为被动语态后,应加上 to例：老师常常让我把作文重写；The teacher often makes me rewrite the composition. I am often made by the teacher to rewrite the composition.2在 except, but, other than 之前有动词 do 作实义动词, 就 except, but, other than 后一般接不带 to的动词不定式,反之就接带 to 的动词不定式；即 前有 do“ 做” 后无 to 熟记：cannot but /