高三英语一轮复习的用法 .docx
精品名师归纳总结专题 14it 的用法【考纲解读】依据近向几年高考试题来看,it 始终是考查的重点,特殊是it, that 和 one 不同的指代功能。 试题留意情形的设置,需要利用特点语言环境中上下文的联系,正确分析结构, 懂得句意是做此类题目的关键。命题的热点集中于以下几个方面: .1. it/that/one 用法区分 ( it 主要指代前面提到的同一物。 one 用来指代前面显现的单数名词,相当于 a/an+单数名词,表泛指概念,往往是同类而同一物。 that 用来替代前面显现的特指的单数可数名词或特指的不行数名词,相当于 the单数 /不行数名词)2. it 用在某些动词后 ,如:enjoy,like,dislike,resent,hate,don t mind,be fond of,feel like,see to之后 , 即这些动词后面的宾语从句前要加it 代替其后的从句3. 用于强调句或固定句型(it is/was when/since/befor)e 中 . 4. 作形式宾语或形式主语(主要代替ving,to do 或从句)5. 考查 it构成的习语, it 也常表示抽象的情形 ,属于虚指 . 如:Take it easy.【学问要点】It 的用法(一)作人称代词1、 it 代替前面(或后面)的单数名词或分句等所表示的事物。e.g. You cannot eat your cake but have it.( it 代替前面的 cake)Although we cannot see it, there is air all around us.( it 代替后面的 air)可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结They say he has left town, but I don(itt b代e替lie前ve面it.They town 分句中可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结的情形)2、代替有生命但不能或不必分阴阳性的东西(包括婴儿)。e.g. Yesterday we saw a big tree. It was fully twenty metres high.( it 代替前面的 tree) The baby cried because it was hungry. ( it 代替前面的 baby)3、在某些习惯说法中,可以代替人。e.g. - Someone is knocking at the door, Peter.- Who is it.- It s me.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结- Who are singing.- It is the children.- The light is still on in the lab. It must be the third-year students doing theexperiment.4、 it 与 one 的区分:这两个词都可以代表前面说过的名词,但it 用于同名同物的场合。 one 就用于同名异物的场合。e.g. - Do you still have the bicycle.- No, I have sold it.- Is this knife yours.- No. It is Xiao Zhang s. Mine is the one on thedesk.5、it 与 that 的区分:两词都可代替某一特定名词,但that 指同一类,并非同一个。e.g. The climate of South China is mild (温顺的) ; I like it very much. ( it 指 the climate of South China )The climate of South China is much better than that of Japan. ( that 指 the climate)(二)作无人称代词it 作无人称代词时, 除了句中找不到它所代表的词语外,另一个特点是它后面的内容都是表示天气、时间、距离、度量衡及情形等。It is fine rainy, windy, etc. It is noon.It is a half hour s walk to the factory.It is eighteen square metres in area. What does it matter.(三)作强调词,构成强调结构用以帮忙转变句子结构, 使句子的某一成分受到强调。“ It is was +所强调的成分+ that who +其它成分。”在这个句型中,it 本身没有词义。留意 : 在强调结构中,如被强调部分为时间状语或的点状语,其后的连接词也绝不能为when 或 where,而应用 that 。在复习中,肯定要留意句式的不同。It was in Shanghai that I bought the guitar that 引起强调句 It was Shanghai where I bought the guitar where 引起定从 It was twelve o'clock when we arrived there when 引起时间状语从句)It was at twelve o'clock that we arrived there ( that 引起强调句)(四)引导词 it 作形式主语(宾语)可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结为了使句子平稳,常采纳形式主语(或宾语)it ,而把真正的主语(或宾语)置于句子后面。通常引导词it 与它所代替的句子成分中间要夹有某些词。e.g. It takes half an hour to go there on foot.( It 与 to go there on foot 之间夹有 takes half an hour 四个词)We thought it strange that Mr Smith did not come last night.( it 与 that 从句中间夹有 strange)但有时 it 与所替代部分之间并不夹有其它词。e.g. You may depend on it that they will support you. ( 由于介词 on 之后一般不直接接that 引导的宾语从句。留意:it 不是余外的,不能当作错句)(五) . it , one, that 的区分:作为代词,这三个词的对比使用是高考的热点之一。-Why don't we take a little break.-Didn't we just have. A itB thatC oneD thisThe Parkers bought a new house butwill need a lot of work before they can moveinA theyB itC oneD whichone 用以指代同类事物中的任一,that 特指性强, 指代可数与不行数词, 而 it 指代上文提过的同一事物。一、代词 it用法例句代替 前 文 提 到 过的 This is a new dictionary. I bought it yesterday.东西或事情,用作人这是一本新词典,我昨天买的。称代词。Tom joined the army last mouth. Do you know about it.汤姆上月入伍了,你知道这事吗?代替指示代词,起着Is this your car. No, it isn这是你的汽t. 车吗?不是。this 或 that 的作用What s that. It s a那vi是de什o.么?它是一台录像机。Whose room is this. It is theirs. 这是谁的房间,是他们的。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结指明 某 人 或 某 物的Who s there. It s me. It谁在那s 儿Jo?hn是 我。 (是约翰)可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结身分,仍可指不明性别的婴儿Go and see who it is that rings. It s Bill.去看看是谁来的电话,是比尔。The Greens have a new baby. It s lovely.格林家有一个新生婴儿。它很可爱。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结指时间,距离,自然It s Sunday today今.天是星期天。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结现象(天气,气候, 明暗)量度,价值等It s three months since he came here.自从他来到这里,已经三个月了。How far is it to the Great Wall . 到长城有多远?It s getting dark.天快黑了。 How much is the coat. It s ninety dollars.这件衣服多少钱?九十美元。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结二、引导词it用 法例句可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结形代 替 不 定 式式短语主代 替 动 名 词语短语It is up to you to decide.这事要由你打算。 It makes me happy to hear you have recovered. 听说你复原了健康,这使我很兴奋。It s no good smoking. 吸烟没有好处。It s worthwhile working the whole night on the problem.用整夜的时间来讨论那个问题是值得的。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结代 替 主 语 从句It doesn t matter what you d你o.干什么都没有关系。It seems that everyone has known the news.好象大家都知道这个消息。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结I consider it better to be early.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结代 替 不 定 式形式 短语宾语我认为能够早一些更好。We found it impossible to get there before July .我们觉得,要在七月以前到达那里是不行能的。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结用 法例句可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结代 替 动 名 词短语We thought it no use doing that.我们认为做那事没有用。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结代 替 宾 语 从句The teacher makes it clear that everyone should hand in his homework on time .老师清晰的指出,每个人都应当按时交作业。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结三、 it 在强调结构中强调句型: It is was + 被强调部分 + that who +其它强调例句说明部分可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结主It is I who am to blame.是我该受责备。 语It was your uncle that who came yesterday.昨天来的是你叔叔。原句的谓语动词假如是现在或将来时态用 It isthatwho如 果原句谓语动词是过去时态,就用 It was thatwho。 在可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结宾It was a new pen that Mother gave me .语母亲给我的是一支新钢笔。强调时间,的点,缘由或方式时不要用 when, where, how, 必需用 that。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结的点It was in the classroom that I left my umbrella.我把雨伞就落在了教室里。时间It is at eleven that the train leaves.状火车是在十一点钟离开。语方式It was just as he ordered that I acted.我正是照他嘱咐的那样做的。缘由It was because he was in trouble that I tried my best to help him.正是由于他境况困难我才尽力帮忙他。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结宾It was red that we painted the gate.补我们把门油漆成红的颜色。It was chairman that they elected him .他们选他担任的是主席的职务。【考点诠释】考点 it 的用法在英语中,运用 it 的场合较多。从它在句中的作用和意义来看,it 的用法可分为三类:1. 指代作用(1) 用作人称代词, 代替前文或后文所提到的同一事物单数可数名词或不行数名词。如: Although we cannot see it ,there is air all around us 虽然我们看不见空气,但它却在我们的四周。(2) 代替前面的整个句子。如:It is said that he has died of a disease,but it isnt据tru说e他已经病死了, 但这不是真的。(3) 用在答语中代替指示代词this, that。如: 一 What is this. 这是什么 .一 It s a bike是自行车。(4) 代替不能或没有必要区分性别的或某些习惯说法中的人。如: The baby cried because it Was hungry婴儿哭是由于饿了。婴儿习惯上不区分性别一 Who is knocking at the door. 谁在敲门 .一 It s me是我 o(5) 指环境、情形等。如: I can t stand it anloynger我再也不能容忍这种情形了。 Take it easy别紧急。 It doesnt matte没r 关系。(6) 指度量衡单位、时间、距离、季节、天气及自然现象。如: It s getting colder and colder now 现在越来越冷了。 It is winter now 现在是冬天了。2. 形式作用1形式主语当动词不定式、 v.ing 形式或从句作主语时,通常把它们放在谓语之后,而用it 作句子的形式主语。如:IIt s no use crying osvpeilrt milk 谚 覆水难收。 It takes three generations to make a gentleman 谚 十年树木,百年树人。2形式宾语当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、v-ing 形式或宾语从句时,往往把真正的宾语放在补足语后面,而用it 作形式宾语,放在宾语补足语之前。如: You must make it clear to them that the situation is serious 你必需向他们说明形势是严肃的。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结 They thought it difficult to talk to the guests about the recent events他们觉得和客人们谈近来发生的事情很困难。特殊提示形式宾语用在 “主语 +谓语动词 +宾语 ”结构中,谓语动词appreciate,dislike ,hate,like , love ,make 按时到达,胜利 等后接由 if 或 when 等引导的从句时,往往在从句前加形式宾语 it 。如: 1 would appreciate it if you paid in cash 假如你能支付现金的话,我会不胜感谢。 The boy likes it when you do that 那个男孩喜爱你那样做。3. 强调作用it 可以用来转变句子的结构,使句子的某一成分得到强调。强调句型的基本结构为:It is/was+ 所强调的成分 +that/who/whom+ 其他成分。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载