2022年现代英语语法笔记整理 .pdf

读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思现代英语语法笔记整理下面是我整理出来经常错误的题目其中选择题 20 填空题 30 改错题 8句型转换题 28 其余名词解释和问答14要想及格那么选择题、填空题和句型转换题一定得拿55 分以上，此三种题型也较容易拿分注：名词解释题和简单题不再详述，我会在以上4 道题中谈到。一、选择题（ 20）此节还适合于综合英语二选择题的题型以及考点：1关于 by the time 用法By the time 表示 “当的时候”Eg. By the time the course ends, we will have learnta lot about market money 像此类题我们通常会做成过去完成时，但这样是错误的记住这句话：从句用一般时，主句用将来时。2.need 的用法记住它有三种方法“need”作为实义动词时，通常用法是：人need to do 物need doing 物need to be done Eg. The recorder needs repairing. Or, The recorder needs to be repaired 。此题考法简单，通常会给出这两个答案中的一个，比如要么给出repairing 要么给出 to be repaired。题目可能会变但这三种用法不会变3.关于 a large number of a large amount of a great deal of a large number of a lot of plenty of numerous much many few little 修饰名词的： a large number of 、numerous、many 、 few 修饰不可数名词： a large amount of 、a great deal of、much 、 little 既修饰可数和不可数： a lot of plenty of 个人认为只要知道修饰可数的和不可数的就行了，黑体字表示容易错的一定要记住。4.see 的用法，此题型经常考see 有两种用法such as: 1. see sb doing sth. 强调看见某人正在做某事, 着重动作过程 eg, I saw him drawing by the river then.说明他正在看他画画，强调看画画的过程。 2. see sb do sth. 是看见某人做某事 , 着重于看见这件事的发生eg. I saw Dr. Smith enter the operating room a moment ago. 说明他看到过 Smith 进了手术室了 . 5.考倒装：考倒装的范围相当广，一般有这些词需要倒装1. 虚拟语气的倒装精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 5 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思如 Had I known what was going to happen, I would have never left him home alone. 2. 某些否定意义的副词、连词或词组位于句首时，通常采用倒装结构。如 not, hardly,never, rarely, nowhere, seldom, at no time, in no way, on no account, not until, not only but also; neither nor, hardly when; no sooner than如 Not a single person does he know here. In no way can teaching in school be separated from practice. Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted Not only do the students like the film, but also the teachers are interested in it. Hardly had he got into the room when the telephone rang. 3、当 only + 状语（副词、介词、状语从句）位于句首时，必须采用倒装句形式。如：Only in this way can you learn English well. 4、为了避免重复，用so, neither, nor 表示前一句陈述的内容也适合另一个人或物时，常用倒装句。如：- I like swimming in winter. - So do I. 5 、在 so that 结构中，如果为了强调so 后的内容，可以把so 连同其修饰的形容词和副词一起提到句首，采用倒装句结构。如： So tired he was that he went to bed early. 举例试卷上的试题：Never before had anyone been sent to prison for that particular crime. Only In the deep forest could we find out such wonderful plants. 6.时态英语中时态是肯定要考的题型首先我们先讲几个定义tense & aspect: as tense points to the temporal location of an event or a state of affairs, aspect ”reflects the way in which the verb action is regarded or experienced with respect to time.”时和体是两个不同的语法范畴。在形式上时是通过动词的曲折变化构成的，而体则是由词的组合体现的Tense which we can divided into simple present and simple past Aspect which we can divided into progressive aspect(进行体 ) and perfect aspect（完成体）再次，我们讲几种常见的时态1现在一般时：一般现在时表示现在经常反复发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性的动作的时态。Eg. The earth moves around the sun. 2现在进行时：现在进行时表示现在或当前一般时间正在进行的动作。Eg. My sister will be here tomorrow, but at first I thought that she is coming today 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 5 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思“today ”说明这个动作发生在现在，根据题意得出这个动作是正在进行的动作并且可能延续到明天。3现在完成进行时：表示前段有进行的动作，这动作仍在进行，也可能已经停止。eg.By five oclock this evening the spaceship has been travelingeleven times round the world. 当晚上 5 点的时候飞船已经绕着地球飞七圈了。此道题就如定义说的首先飞机前面已经飞行七圈说明前段时间在动作，但飞机还有可能继续飞下去所以用现在完成进行时最正确。类似的有：Have you seen my dictionary anywhere? I have been looking for it since this morning. 4. 过去将来时：过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。Eg. Betty said that she would arrive at the airport till noon. “said ” 说明是过去的时态， noon 说名过去将要发生的动作。7.过去分词作状语 , 此题也是常考题此类题的破解点就在于找到正确的逻辑主语。一般有两种考法：一种是有被动的、一种是主动的被动的： Eg.Having been shown the laboratory, we were taken to visit the workshops( 车间). 根据“ we were taken to visit the workshops”显而易见无论是工厂还是实验室都是被我们参观的所以这里用被动主动的： Having heard that he had succeeded in designing a new device of laser, we came to congratulate him on his success.而在这里显而易见是主动的，因为 听到有人成功的消息肯定是主动的，不可能被动。8. 反义疑问句（ tag-question） Tag-question normally consists of a statement and a question tag.反义疑问句通常有陈述句和一般疑问句构成。 Which can divided into 2 classification (1)You re listening, arent you?(positive statement + negative tag) (2)You re not listening, are you?(negative statement + positive tag) 我总结了一下反义疑问句出题的思路也是通常容易错的。(1) 第一种是有否定词的，如seldom, 反义仍用肯定。 She seldom leaves the room in winter, does she? (2)第二种是 let s 或者是 let us 这两种反义疑问句有区别 , 但是无论肯定还是否定永远是这样的答案。Let s go out for a walk, shall we ? 这种大家都会做 Let us go out for a walk, will you? (3) 第三种是有定语从句的类型（这种最容易错） I believe that he will win, wont he ? （千万要记住这种情况）9. worth，worthy ，worth-while都为 adj. 意为值得 。1. worth ： be worth + n. 当名词为金钱时，表示 值得 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 5 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思be worth doing sth. 某事值得被做 The question is not worth discussing again and again. 2. worthy ：be worthy of +n. 当名词为抽象名词时表示 值得 be worthy to be done 某事值得被做 The question is not worthy to be discussed againand again. 3. worth-while：be worth-while to do sth 值得做某事 It is worth while doing sth It is worth while sb to do sth. 考试题型有： I don t think the house is worth the price. 10. 下列记住这些词的区分a)keep up ：坚持keep up with ：跟上，于。 。保持接触keep from ：禁止 如 keep from smoking. b)look through: 看穿、浏览、温习look at:：考虑look out:留神、照料look up: 查阅 如 look up dictionary c)turn in:上床睡觉turn up:找到、出现如：I waited half an hour for my friend, but he didn t turn up. turn over:反复考虑turn out：证明是，结果是关掉 生产 赶走eg. It has turned out that our nephew is the most suitable person for the job. d)carry out: 发现carry on:继续eg. Life on earth Is not going to be impossible, but it will have to be carried on in far favorable circumstances. 尽管在这世上生命不可能一直存在，但是生命会在这种良好的条件下延续下去。carry away: 使失去控制e)ran into :遭遇 The ship ran into a heavy storm shortly after it set off. ran down: 停止衰弱ran over:温习ran through:匆匆看过11. 辨别这些意思相近的词a)affect & effect affect ：vt. 影响effect ：n. 影响如：Though the long term effect cannot be predicted, the project has been approved by the committee 区别在于词形不同 2. in case 以防精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 5 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思in case of 以防（跟名词短语）in the case 在情况下in any case 无论如何3. be bound to do sth. 一定要做某事be about to将要be likely to do有可能4. valueless 无价值的（不值钱的）priceless 无价的（贵重的）eg. Be careful, the vase is priceless. 5. somewhere:某处anywhere：在任何地方（用于否定句以及疑问句用来代替somewhere ）6. as a result 作为结果result in 结果导致 +名词精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 5 页