Unit 4 Grammar and usage 虚拟语气 学案--高中英语牛津译林版（2020）选修第一册.docx

虚拟语气一、 if非真实条件句中虚拟if非真实条件句中的虚拟主要有以下三种情况，用表格表示如下(注意正确记忆从句和主句语法形式上的一致)：If条件状语从句中主句中与现在的事实相反If I did/wereI would/could/might/should do与将来的事实相反If I did/were todo/should doI would/could/might/should do与过去的事实相反If I had doneI would/could/might/should have done(1)If I had the money, I would buy that big house immediately.如果我有这笔钱，我就立即买那个大房子了。(2)If it rained/were to rain/should rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.如果明天下雨，运动会就会被推迟。(3)If you had adopted the teacher's advice, you wouldn't have failed in the examination.如果你早听了老师的建议，你考试就不会失败了。【注意】 if引导的非真实条件中的错综情况：错综时间条件句是指条件从句表示的行为动作和主句所表示的行为动作发生的时间不一致，此时从句和主句中的行为动作要根据实际情况来确定。例如：If she had followed the doctor's advice, she would be quite all right now.如果她当时听医生的话，现在就好了。(从句说明过去的情况，主句说明现在的情况)【记忆策略】1. 上述表格可以使用公式化的结构来记忆，主句中的情态动词以would为代表：(1)与现在事实相反：If I did, I would do.(If I did中的did若是be动词就用were)(2)与将来事实相反：If I did/should do/were to do, I would do.(3)与过去事实相反：If I had done, I would have done.(注意错综的情况)2. if非真实条件句中虚拟的倒装：在if条件句中如果出现were, had, should，可将were, had, should等提前倒装，同时省去if。例如：(1)Were I in school again, I would work harder.如果我能再次上学的话，我会更加用功的。(2)Had they known their neighbor was a drummer, they wouldn't have moved into the building.要是他们知道自己的邻居是一个鼓手，他们是不会搬进这栋楼的。(3)Should there be/Were there to be a meeting tomorrow, I would come.假如明天有会议的话，我会来的。【即时巩固】(1)If I had got five million yesterday, I _ (buy) a car now.(2)_ you _ (come) last Wednesday, you might know it well now.(3)The soldier died in the hospital. He could have been saved if the doctor _ (operate) on him two hours earlier.(4)She couldn't have answered the question if she _ (read) a few books on world history.(5)What would you do if the war _ (break out)?含蓄条件句中的虚拟条件暗含在短语或上下文之间的含义中。含蓄条件句中的虚拟常用without, but, but for, otherwise, or, in case, supposing, for fear that引导。例如：(1)But_for the help of my English teacher, I would not have won the first prize in the English Writing Competition.要不是因为英语老师的帮助，我不可能在英语写作比赛中获得第一名。(2)It would have been impossible to find my daughter without the help of Friends Reunited.要是没有“故友重逢网”的帮忙，我就不可能找到我的女儿。(3)It's said that your journey was not very pleasant.We would have enjoyed ourselves, but the car was a little crowded.据说你的旅途不是很愉快！我们本来会玩得很高兴的，但是汽车有点挤。(4)I am busy now, otherwise I would do you the favor!我现在很忙，否则我就帮你忙了。(5)Thanks to your timely help, or I would have failed in the final examination.多亏你及时的帮忙，否则我已经在期末考试中失败了。【即时巩固】(6)Where have you been?I got stuck in the heavy traffic. Otherwise I _ (come) here earlier.(7)Thank you for reminding me of the time, or I _ (be) late yesterday.Don't mention it.(8)I was ill that day, otherwise I _ (take part in) the sports meet.(9)Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.I would have attended it, but I _ (be) busy preparing for a job interview.(10)Without your help, I _ (fail) the exam last term.(11)I would have attended your birthday party last night but for the fact that it _ (rain) at that time.(12)Did you hear Tom was scolded for his spelling mistakes in his English composition?Yes, but a more careful person _ (make) so many mistakes.1. 用于suggest, advise, order, demand, require, request, insist, propose, desire, command (命令), recommend等动词之后的宾语从句中，从句用 (should) do表示虚拟。例如：(1)They have that the site (should)_be closed and repaired.他们提议关闭这个遗址并进行维修。(2)The professor that all the students (should)_read this novel written by a blind writer.教授建议所有学生都应该读一读这本由一个盲人作家写的小说。【注意】 在上述动词接宾语从句使用虚拟语气的规则中，要排除两种特殊情况：insist 作“坚持说、坚持认为(某个观点)”理解时，宾语从句不用虚拟；作“坚持主张、坚持要求做(某事)”时才用虚拟。例如：(1)Mike insisted that he had_never_stolen anything.麦克坚持说他从未偷过任何东西。(2)I insist that we (should)_start at once.我坚持要求我们应该马上出发。suggest 作“表明了，暗示了”理解时，后接宾语从句时不要用虚拟语气，要根据实际情况使用相应的时态，只有在作“建议”理解时才使用虚拟语气。例如：(1)The expression on his face that he was very angry.他脸上的表情表明他很生气。(2)I that she (should)_go home.我建议她回家去。【归纳拓展】在表示“建议、命令、要求”等含义的名词，如suggestion, proposal, order, advice, request, requirement, demand等后面的表语从句或同位语从句中要使用虚拟语气。虚拟的构成是“should动词原形”， should可以省略。(1)His that you (should)_try a second time sounds reasonable.他让你再试一次的要求听上去很合理。(2)My second piece of is that he (should)_buy a bicycle as soon as possible.我的第二条建议是他应该尽快买一辆自行车。在“It be形容词/名词/过去分词that.”的句型中，若此句型中的形容词为important, necessary, strange, urgent, desirable等；名词或过去分词表示为“建议、命令、请求”等含义的词时，that从句中需使用虚拟。虚拟的构成是“should动词原形”，should可以省略。即：It is important/necessary/strange/desirable/urgent.that. (should) do.(1)It is urgent that food and clothing (should)_be sent to the sufferers.急需将食物和衣服送给灾民。It is suggested/advised/requested/ordered/proposed.that.(should) do.(2)It is requested that we (should)_get everything ready before class.要求我们在课前把一切都准备好。(3)It is suggested that he (should)_go abroad to further his research so as to make some breakthroughs in this field.有人建议他出国进一步研究，以便在这方面有所突破。It is a(n) suggestion/proposal/order/advice/request that. (should) do.(4)It is my proposal that he (should)_be sent to study further abroad.我的建议是他应该被送往国外去深造。2. 用于wish后的宾语从句中，表示未实现的或不可能实现的美好愿望。与现在的事实相反，用一般过去时或were；与将来的事实相反，用would/could do；与过去的事实相反，用过去完成时。(1)I wish it were spring all the year round.我希望一整年都是春天。(2)I wish you could go with us tomorrow.我希望明天你能和我们一起去。(3)We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.我们希望我们早两个小时到那儿。【注意】 would rather“宁愿，但愿”后接从句时要使用虚拟语气：表示与现在和将来的事实相反用一般过去时；表示与过去事实相反用过去完成时。例如：(1)I'd rather you posted the letter right away.我宁愿你立刻把信寄出去。(2)I'd rather you had returned the book yesterday.我希望你昨天就还了书。If only引起的感叹句相当于“How I wish宾语从句”， if only的含义为“要是就好了”。用法与wish一样。例如：(1)If only he could come!他要能来就好了。(2)If only I had known the answer!我要早知答案就好了。(3)Look at the trouble I am in！If only I had followed your advice.看看我现在的麻烦，要是我听了你的建议就好了。【比较】Only if_you_know_the_importance_of_learning_English can you learn English well.只有知道了学习英语的重要性，你才能学好英语。(only位于句首修饰if引导的状语从句需引起主句的部分倒装。)【即时巩固】(13)Wow, these pictures are so beautiful！Where did you take them?In Australia.How I wish I _ (be) there before too.(14)What's your opinion of Mr. Li's request that we _ (spend) half an hour reading English aloud every morning?1. as if/though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中，表示与现在的事实相反用一般过去时；表示与过去的事实相反用过去完成时；表示与将来事实相反用would/could/might动词原形。(1)She loves the children as if they were hers.她喜欢那些孩子就好像他们是她自己的孩子一样。(2)Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there.艾伦谈论罗马的样子就好像曾经去过一样。(3)He spoke to me as if I were deaf.他跟我讲话的样子就好像我是聋子一样。(4)He opened his mouth as if he would say something.他张开嘴好像要说什么。【注意】 如果有可能成为事实或者与事实很接近时，用陈述语气。(1)He looks as if he is going to be ill.他看起来似乎要生病了。(2)It looks as if it is going to rain.天看起来似乎要下雨了。2. It's (high/about) timethat.这一句型的从句也要使用虚拟，虚拟的构成是用“did或should动词原形(should不能省略)”。(1)It's time that you went to school.It's time that you should go to school.该是你上学的时候了。(2)It is time that the authorities concerned took/should take proper steps to solve the traffic problems.该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。注意与以下一个句型的辨析：It is/was the first time that.这一句型的从句中要使用完成时It is the first time that现在完成时It was the first time that过去完成时(1)Is this the first time that you have_been to Beijing?这是你第一次去过北京吗？(2)It was the first time that he had_carried_out such kind of research all by himself.这是他第一次独立进行这种研究。3. would like to have done/be to have done表示过去的愿望未能实现。hope, wish, plan, want, mean, intend, attempt, expect等表示“打算”“计划”“希望”“试图”“认为”等的动词用于过去完成时表示“本打算(本计划、本希望、本认为)做而未做”。该过去完成时也可转化成hoped/wished/wanted/meant/intended/attempted/expected to have done，也理解为“本打算(本计划、本希望、本认为)做而未做”。例如：(1)I would_like_to_have_gone to the concert but something unusual happened.我本来是想去你的音乐会的，但是发生了一些不寻常的事情。(2)I had_hoped to come to your party, but I was too busy.I hoped_to_have come to your party, but I was too busy.我本希望参加你的聚会，但我当时太忙了。【即时巩固】(15)It's time that you _ (go) home and I'd rather you _ (come) again tomorrow.(16)If only he _ (lie) quietly as the doctor instructed, he wouldn't suffer so much now.当堂达标·跟踪演练1. _ our government fail to standardize the driverless technology, it might soon be abused.2. Evidence showed that he was innocent and his families demanded that he _ (release) at once.3. It's a pity that you were late, otherwise you _ (see) the star Rain from Korea.4. If it hadn't been for that British animation, I _ (have) much less fun in my childhood.5. His pale face suggested that he _ (be) ill and the teacher suggested that he _ (see) the doctor.6. If my doctor inquired about my physical condition at the present moment, the only possible reply would be that I _ (be) greatly in need of relaxation.7. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ (fall) in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.8. I _ (realize) that the experience I was heading for was anything but boring, had I read the brochure carefully.9. Penny's baby daughter narrowly escaped drinking the furniture polish on the coffee table.Luckily for her. She _ (get) sick or even died.10. A sense of anxiety _ (arise) if we were addicted to various social networking applications.11. If you aren't content with what you have, you would not be satisfied if it _ (double)12. I wouldn't pursue my writing career now if I _ (define) myself as weak in writing when I was young.13. It is required that the two sides _ cooperate with each other to solve the problems.14. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I'd rather he _ (focus) more on its culture.15. I ran all the way to school yesterday, otherwise I _ (be) late for the annual talent show.16. It might have saved me some trouble _ (I know) the schedule.17. Don't handle the vase as if it _ (be) made of steel.18. Did you finish your composition in the exam?Given five more minutes, I _ (finish) it for sure.19. He insisted that the problem _ (discuss) at the meeting.20. Why didn't you tell me about your trouble last week? If you _ (tell) me, I could have helped.21. The conflicts between North and South Korea call for talks to solve the problem.Quite right. I would rather the UN _ (do) something immediately.22. Is the manager available tomorrow afternoon?No, he is busy, otherwise he _ (attend) the meeting.23. It was President Xi Jinping _ visited the navy troops on April 19 and urged that naval force _ (strengthen)24. If you _ (commit) yourself to doing everything in the order given, you would miss an opportunity to be a unique individual.25. I was wearing a seat belt. If I hadn't been wearing one, I _ (injure)学科网（北京）股份有限公司