2022年新版版新目标八年级下学期期末知识点完全梳理2.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师精编 优秀资料Unit1 What s the matterSection A 1. What s the matter. 怎么啦？出什么事情了？ s wrong wWhat s the matter with you. = Whats the trouble with you. = Whatyou. 【拓展】 matter 的用法It doesn t matter 没关系2. I have a cold 我感冒了I have a stomachache 我患胃痛I have a sore back. 我背痛；【解析 1】have a cold 受凉 ; 感冒have a/an + 疾病名词“患 病” cold/fever/cough have a sore throat 患喉咙痛 have a sore back 患背痛have a fever 发烧have a cold =catch a cold 患感冒have a stomachache 患胃痛 have a toothache患牙痛have a headache 患头痛 have a backache患背痛3. She talked too muchyesterday and didnenough water. 【解析 1】too much/too many/much too短语含义用法例句too much 太多后接不行数名词There is too much rain these days 修饰动词,放在动词之后Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. too many 太多后接可数名词复数There are too many things for me to do. much too 太修饰形容词或副词It s much too cold in winter.【解析 2】enough 的用法1 adj.足够的,充分的放在名词之前 enough time 2 adv. 足够地,特别,相当 ” 放在 adj./adv 后 old enough 3 be +adj. +enough to do sth be strong enough to carry the box. 4. drink some hot tea with honey. 喝一些加蜂蜜的热茶；【解析】 with ： prep 具有, 带有 ;和.一起 ;用. （反） without She is a girl with long hair. I like to talk freely with my friends. 5. see a dentist and get an x-ray. 看牙医并且拍张 x 光；see a dentist = go to a dentist看牙医see a doctor = go to a doctor 看医生6. No, it doesn sound like you have a fever. 不需要,听起来你不像发烧了；【解析】 sound like 听起来像,后接名词或名词性短语作表语；It sounds like a good idea. 【拓展】感官动词 + like feel like 摸起来像 smell like 闻起来像 look like 看起来像 taste like 尝起来像7. At 9:00 a.m. yesterday, bus No. 26 was going along Zhonghua Road when the driver 名师归纳总结 saw an old man lying on the side of the road. 第 1 页,共 45 页【解析】 see sb. do sth 观察某人做某事（看到动作发生的 全过程 ）see sb. doing sth 观察某人正在做某事（强调动作 正在发生 ）【解析】 lie lay lain v 躺下, 现在分词 lying . lie down 躺下lie down and rest 躺下休息8. The bus driver, 24-year-old Wang Ping, stopped the bus without thinking twice .- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 【解析】 24-year-old 24 岁的名师精编优秀资料9. He got off and asked the woman what happened. 【解析】 get off 下车 反） get on 上车【拓展】 get up起床 get over 克服；度过 get out of 从 出来 get on along well with 与 相处融洽 get to 到达 10. But to his surprise, they all agreed to go with him. 【解析 1】surprise v./n. 使惊讶 ,诧异surprising adj. 令人惊讶的surprised adj. 惊讶的surprise sb.使某人惊讶The bad news surprised me. be surprised at对 感到惊讶to onesurprise 使某人惊讶的是in surprise 惊讶地【解析 2】agree v 反disagree agreement n同意1 agree with sb. 同意某人 I agree with you. 2 agree to do sth. 同意做某事11. Thanks to Mr. Wang and the passengers , the doctor saved the man in time.【解析 1】 thanks to 多亏；由于thanks for “因 而感谢 ”【解析 2】 on time 准时/ in time 准时t arrive there _.【记】 She didn t catch the bus_, so she couldn【短语】all the time 始终for the first time 第一次【句型】It s time to do sth =Its time for sth 是该做某事的时间了12. But the driver didnthink about himself. 【解析】think about 考虑 think of 想起 think over 认真考虑13. Do you agree that people often do not help others because they do not want to get into trouble. 【解析】 trouble n .问题；苦恼get into trouble 陷入困难be in trouble 处于困境中have trouble in doing sth 做某事有困难14. Did you fall down .你跌倒了吗？【解析】 fall fell fallen v 落下； 跌落fall down 摔倒 She fell down from her bike fall off 指从某物上跌落下 The girl fell off the bike. fall behind 落后 fall asleep 入睡Section B 1. Someone felt sick. 有人生病了；【解析】 feel sick 生病；不舒适sick /ill adj. 生病的sick adj. “生病的 ”,既可放 be 系动词 后作表语,也可放 n.前作定语；名师归纳总结 ill 只能位于 be 系动词 后作表语ill illness n. “病；疾病 ”第 2 页,共 45 页2. As a mountain climber, Aron is used to taking risks. 【解析】as prep, "作为 ","以 身份 "；3. This is one of the most exciting things about doing dangerous sports. 【解析】 one of .之一- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师精编 优秀资料【结构】 “one of + the +adj.最高级 +n 复数 ” 做主语,谓语动词用单数；One of the most popular colors is red in China. 4. There were many times when Aron almost lost his life because of accidents. 【解析 1】lose lost lost v 失去 lose one s life 失去生命【解析 2】because of 由于； 由于【拓展】 because/because of because 和 so 不能一起连用,二者只能用其一5. On April 26,2003, he found himself in a very dangerous situation when climbing in Utah. on a Sunday morning; on Friday 【解析 1】on 修饰详细的某一天【解析 2】find found found v 查找1 find sb. doing sth 发觉某人做某事 2 find it + adj. + to do sth 发觉做某事很 find it difficult/ hard to do sth 发觉做某事很困难 6. But when his water ran out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life. run ran run v 跑run out of =use up 用完【解析】【区分】：run out of 其主语通常是人,后边要接宾语 是物run out 其主语通常7. This means being I a difficult situation that you cannot seem to get out of . 【解析 1】mean meant meant v 意味着 meaning n 意思1 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事2 mean to do sth. 准备做某事【拓展】询问“ .的意思 ” 的常用句型：What does . mean. What is the meaning of. 8. Aron tells of the importance of making good decision, and of being in control of ones life. 【解析 1】 important adj. 重要的（反） unimportant importance n 重要性My parents have taught me _ 的重要性 of working hard. Anyone can see the _important of good health. 【解析 2】decide v 打算 -decision n 打算1 decide to do sth= make up ones mind to do sth 2 make a decision 做打算9. His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains. 【解析 1】“ So +adj.+ that”“如此 以至 ” 引导结果状语从句He was so strong that he could lift the heavy bag. 【解析 2】 keep on doing sth 连续或坚持做某事We must keep on working hard in the coming new year. 10. Do we have the same spirit as Aron. 我们有阿伦那种精神吗？dying adj. 将死的【解析】the same as 和.一样be not the same as = be different from 与.不同11. death【解析】 die v. death n. 死,死亡dead adj. 死的12. Aron loves mountain climbing and doesn mind taking risks. 【解析】mind v 介意 n. 头脑,想法,记忆【短语】 make up ones mind 下定决心 never mind 不要紧change one s mind 转变想法 keep in mind 记住 【句型】 Would you mind doing sth 你介意做某事吗？名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 45 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师精编 优秀资料13. Aron did not give up after the accident and keeps on climbing mountains today. 【解析】 give up 舍弃 代词应放在动词词组的中间 give up doing sth = stop doing sth 舍弃做某事二、重点语法1. 情态动词 should的用法What should she do. Should I take my temperature. 【解析 1】should “应当” 情态动词,后跟动词原形,表示建议1 确定句：主语 + should + do 2 否定句：主语 + should not /shouldn do 3 一般疑问句： Should +主语 +do 【解析 2】take ones temperature 量体温2. Jenny cut herself . 【反身代词】第一人称 其次人称 第三人称单数 myself yourself himself herself itself 复数 ourselves yourselves themselves 1. 可用作宾语 ,当宾语和主语表示同一个人时；如： Maria bought herself a scarf. We must look after ourselves very well. 2. 可用作主语或宾语的同位语,常用来加强语气；如：She herself will fly to London tomorrow. I met the writer himself last week. 3. 反身代词的常见搭配：teach oneself=learn by oneself by oneself =alone 独自 ,单独help oneself to 任凭吃 hurt oneself伤到自己introduce oneself to 自我介绍look after oneself / take care of oneself 照料自己 enjoy oneself=have fun =have a good time玩得兴奋Unit 2 I ll help to clean up the city parks. 1. give out 分发,发放【拓展】 give 构成的短语仍有：give away 赠给,赠送 give in 屈服,投降 give up 舍弃 give off 发出（气味、光、热等）2. come up with 提出,想出 I think she can come up with a good idea 1表示“ 想出或提出” ,相当于 think of 2 come up with 仍可表示“赶上 ”,相当于 catch up with. We should study hard to come up with them 3. I ve run out of it. run out of 表示 “ 用完,用光” ,其主语一般是人；Bill ran out of the room. 【拓展】 run out of 仍可表示“ 从 跑出来”；run构成的短语仍有 run away 逃走 run after追赶 run into difficulties 遇到困难 4. I take after my mother.我长得像我妈妈；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 45 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师精编 优秀资料【辨析】 take after 与 look like take after意为“ 长得像,行为、性格等像”,特殊是像自己的长辈；The boy takes after his father. 这个男孩长得像他爸爸；look like 可以用于全部场合 ,既可指人也可指物,仅指外表看上去像；The man looks like our teacher. 这个男的看起来像我们的老师；【拓展】 take 构成的短语take up take off take place take one s time take care 5. set up 创办,建立set up 为副词短语,与 start, establish同义They ve set up a company. 他们创办了一家公司；与 set 相关的短语仍有：set out 动身,开头（做某事）set off 动身,引起,激发6. You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky. it 是形式宾语 You made it possible for me to catch up with others. 你让我有可能赶上其他人；7. Lucky makes a big difference to my life. Lucky 对我的生活产生了很大的影响；make a big difference 意为“ 对 产生很大的影响”,difference 在此为“ 影响” 的意 思；【例题】 The heavy snow didn t _ the international airlines. A. pay attention to B. add to C. make a difference to D. keep to 8. imagine v. 想象,假想；以为,认为 imagine （v.想象） imagination（n.想象） imaginative adj.富于想象力的）9. help. out 帮 克服困难,帮 分担工作 The teacher often helps his students out. 那位老师常常帮他的同学解决问题；10. be excited about. 对 兴奋 I m excited about the game of Li Na. 我对李娜的竞赛感到兴奋；exciting 修饰物重点语法： 动词短语动词短语主要有以下四种构成形式：1 动词 +介词等；这类动词短语主要有： agree with, ask for, arrive at, hear of, look at, take after, listen to这类动词后的宾语 无论是名词仍是代词,都要放在介词之后；I m looking for my pen. 2 动词 +副词Don t laugh at the poor man. 这类动词短语有： find out, give out, look up, put on, turn on/off, wake up, work out 等；这类动词后面的宾语是名词时,能放在副词前面 ；名词可放在副词前面或后面；宾语是代词时,代词只Please pick up the pen.= Please pick the pen up. It took him two hours to work it out. 3 动词+名词 +介词 这类动词短语： have a look at, make friends with, pay attention to, take care of, look forward to 等；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 45 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师精编 优秀资料在这类动词短语中, 宾语都放在介词之后 ；You should pay more attention to your pronunciation. 4 动词 +形容词 +介词 这类动词短语有： be angry with, be busy with, be good for, be different from, be interested in, be good at等；Unit3 Could you please clean your room. Section A 1. Peter, could you please take out the trash. 彼得,你能把垃圾倒了吗？【解析 1】Could you please do sth .请你（做） .好吗？用于提出恳求,期望得到对方的确定回答,说话的语气比较客气委婉；Could 不是 can 的过去式,是委婉、礼貌的说法；回答用 can. 【常用答语】 确定回答 ：Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem. 否定回答 ： Sorry, I cant【解析 2】take out 取出（ v+ adv）跟代词做宾语,代词放中间；跟名词做宾语,可放在中间,也可放在后边【短语】 take out the trash 倒垃圾take a walk 漫步take away 拿走,取走take back 收回take place 发生take off 脱下； 起飞2. Can you do the dishes？【结构 1】do the + 名词：【结构 2】do the + 动词 -ing 【结构 3】do one s + 名词【结构 4】do some + 动词 -ing do the dishes/ laundry 洗餐具 /衣服 do the cleaning 打扫卫生 do one s housew ork/ homework 做家务 /家庭作业 do some reading/ shopping 读写书 /购物3. Could I at least finish watching this show. 【解析 1】Could I do sth. 我可以做 .吗？用于表达恳求,语气比较委婉；Could I go out with my classmate this weekend. 【解析 2】at least 至少,多指数量或程度上的最低限度；反 at most 至少,不超过4. I think two hours of TV is enough for you. 【解析 1】two hours of TV 表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时,常被视作整体,谓语动词用单数形式；How time is flies. Three years _be really a short time. 足够的,充分的（在句中作定语或表语）作 形 容 I don t have enough money wi th me. enough 作 副词 足够；充分（放在形容词；副词后）The river is deep enough for swimming. 【记】 Mr. Smith has enough money, but he isnt kind enough to help others.【留意】 enough 修饰名词时,置于名词前；修饰形容词时,置于形容词之后；5. Could you take out the rubbish, fold the clothes and do the dishes. 【解析】 take out 拿出；取出名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 45 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师精编 优秀资料take 的用法：拿；取Please take some books to the classroom. take 吃；喝；服用Take this medicine three times a day. 乘（车；船等）They usually take the bus to work. 花费（时间； 金钱）day. 【拓展】 take 构成的短语：It takes me two hours to do my homework every take a walk 去漫步 take a rest 休息 take care of 照料 take off 脱下；起飞take up 占据 take down 拿下 take one s time 不急；渐渐来take one s temperature 量体温6. The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over . 【解析 1】the minute = as soon as “一. 就.” Please write to me the minute you get there. 【解析 2】 in front of in front of 指在物体 外部的前面There is a bike in front of the classroom. 【辨析】in the front of 指在物体 内部的前面Our teacher is standing in the front of the classroom 【留意】 有 the 无 the 区分大 ： at table 吃饭；进餐 at the table 在桌边in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在医院（不肯定看病）【解析 3】come over 过来【拓展】come 短语：come across（偶然）发觉 come back 回来 come up with 想出come true实现 come down 下来 come from=be from 来自,诞生于come in/into 进入 ,进来 come on赶快 ,加油 come along走吧 ,过来 ,快点come and go来来去去 come up上来 come out出来, 花开, 照片 冲洗出来7. You watch TV all the time and never help out around the house. 【解析】 all the time = always 始终；总是【拓展】 与 time 相关的短语 ：on time 按时in time 准时at the same time同时from time to time 有时the first time 第一次at times 有时time and time again 一再；常常last time 上次 next time 下次8. Im just as tired as you are. 我和你一样累！【解析】 as.as . 和.一样. 【注】 比较级倍数表达句型 为：倍数 +as+形容词、副词原级 +as+比较对象9. For one week , she did not do any housework and neither did I. 【解析】 neither +助动词 /系动词 /情态动词+主语“某人（主语）也不 ” 两者都不neither nor 既不 也不 , 连接两个词做主语, 谓语动词由后一个主语确定名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 45 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师精编 优秀资料Neither Tom nor Jim is a student 10. The next day , my mom came home from work to find the house clean and tidy. 【解析】 find +宾语 +宾语补足语11. “ I so sorry, Mom. I finally understand that we need to share the housework to have a clean and comfortable home.” I replied.【解析 1】need v 需要用于确定句,是实义动词；1人做主语, sb. need to do sth 某人需要做某事2物做主语, sth need doing sth= sth need to be done Students need _have a good rest in studying. The watch needs_mend. 用于否定句或疑问句,是情态动词1 neednt = dont have to 没有必要2 need, must 引导的一般疑问句,确定会的用 must,否定回答用 neednt Must I go there now. Yes,you must/No, you needn t【解析 2】share 共享；共用share sth. with sb. 与某人共享某物12. Could I hang out with my friends after the movie. 【解析】 hang out 闲逛hang up 把.悬挂 /挂起13. Could you please pass me the salt. pass sb. sth 把某物递给某人pass on 传【解析】 pass v 给；递；递 v 通过；路过 I pass your home. v 通过（考试）；及格 Tom can pass his math exam. 14. Could I borrow that book. 【解析】 borrow /lend/keepCould you lend me some money. 1 borrow 与 from 连用,尤指主语 “【借进来 ”】borrow sth. from sb. 从某人那借某物You can borrow the book from the library. 2 lend 借出,与 to 搭配 【指借出去】lend sb. sth.=lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人He doesn t want to lend his book to others.3 keep 保留,储存（连续动词,可以与表示一段时间的状语连用）【指借一段时间】【记】 I want to _ a bike from my friend but he didn me, becaus