2022年新目标英语八年级上册知识点和练习整理.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation. 重点短语：Quite a few 相当多 of course当然 feel like 感觉像 because of由于go on vacation 度假 visit museum 参观博物馆 go to summer camp 去野营go to the beach 去海边 go out with sb. 和某人外出 study for tests 为考试学习stay at home 呆在家 go shopping去购物 the top of the hill 山顶考点：1. 复合不定代词的用法：1）something, anything,nothing,everything 是指物的不定代词；somebody,someone,anybody,anyone, nobody,no one, everybody,everyone 是指人的不定代词；somewhere,anywhere,nowhere, everywhere 是指地点的不定代词；2）当形容词修饰不定代词、不定副词时,放于其后；如：something important 3）不定代词、不定副词做主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数；Is everybody here. 大家都到齐了吗？4）something,somebody,someone,somewhere用于确定句及表示恳求或建议的疑问 句中,而 anything,anybody,anyone,anywhere 用于否定句、疑问句及条件状语 从句中；2. 提建议的句子：What/ how about +doing sth. 如： What/ How about going shopping. Why dont you + do sth. 如： Why dont you go shopping.Why not + do sth. . 如： Why not go shopping. Let s + do sth. 如：Let s go shoppingShall we/ I + do sth. 如： Shall we/ I go shopping. 3. 辨析：get to/reach/arrive 都是 “ 到达 “ 的意思get to+地点 =reach+ 地点 = arrive at+ 地点（小） =arrive in+ 地点（大）留意：如他们后面要加地点副词here, there, home 等,就不需要加介词；4. nothing.but.意为 “ 除.之外；只有 ” ,如：I have nothing to do but watch TV all day long. 我成天除了看电视什么也没干；5. feel like 意为： “ 感受到；摸起来” ,后跟宾语从句或名词；如： I felt like I was a bird. 我感觉我是一只鸟；feel like doing sth.意为 “ 想做某事 ” ；如： I feel like eating. 我想吃东西；6. enjoy doing sth . 喜爱做 ; 愿意做 enjoy oneself 过得开心=have fun/have a good time. 1 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 7. few 与 little 的区分：可数确定否定很多quite a few building s a few few quite a few/not a few 不行数a little little quite a little/ not a not a little hungry little 8. 1） seem意为 “ 似乎；似乎；看来” ,是个连系动词,构成的短语有：seem to do sth. 似乎做某事如：They seem to wait for you. seem（ to be）+adj. 似乎 . 如： He seemed to be ill yesterday. It seems that + 从句 似乎 . 如：It seems that he was ill yesterday. 其他表示状态的系动词有：feel觉得） ; keep（保持） ;stay（保持） ;look（看来像 .）；smell（闻起来）； sound（听起来 ）；taste（尝起来 ）；. 2） bored adj ,意为 “ 感到厌倦的、无聊的” ,其主语是某人；如：boringadj ,意为 “令人厌倦的、无聊的” 其主语是某物；I got bored with the boring work. 我对这无聊的工作感到厌倦；相类似的词语仍有：interested/ excited/ amazed/surprised interesting/ exciting/ amazing/surprising 10. decide（ v）打算 decide to do sth. - decide not to do sth. decide on doing sth. 打算做某事11.because of + 短语 I had to move because of my job. because + 句子 如： I do it because I like it. 12. 形容词 /副词 enough 如： wet/quietly enoughenough enough 名词 如： enough umbrellas 形/副 enough+ 名 to do sth. 足够 去做 如： I have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足够的钱去北京；She is not old enough to go to school. 她年龄不够,不能去上学；同义句：She is too young to go to school. too to : 太 而不能 13. such+名短 + that 从句： She is such a popular girl that. 如此 以至于so+形/副+that 从句： She is so popular that everyone likes her. 14. 反身代词： myself/yourself/itself/herself/himself/ourselves/yourselves/themselves 2 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Unit 2 How often do you exercise. 重点短语：How often 多久 hardly ever 从来不 at least 至少 junk food 垃圾食品 such as比如less than少于 fifteen percent 百分之十五 go online 上网 be good for 对 有意more than 多于 watch TV 看电视 use the Internet 使用电脑 go to the dentist 看牙医考点：1. -How often do you usually go shopping. Sometimes/Twice a week. 有时候 /一周两次 .1 go shopping 意为“ 去购物”；go+ v- ing : 表示进行某项活动；如：go swimming/ shopping/skating/skiing/fishing/climbing/hiking 2频率副词： always=all the time, usually, often, sometimes=at times , hardly ever, never 1.sometimes: 有时候； sometime：某时； some times：很多次 /倍; some time: 一段时间2）how often 表示 “ 多久一次 ” ,是对动作的频率进行提问；其回答通常有：频率副词：always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never how often 次数时间段 : 如： once or twice a week every 时间段 : every day 每天 区分：everyday（每天的； 日常的）留意：表示 “ 一次或两次 ” 时,一般用 once和 twice 表示；如： once a month一个月一次 而表示 “ 三次或以上 ” 时,就用 “ 数词 times”结构；如： five times a year 一年五次 4） 由 how 构成的疑问词组的用法（ 1）“ 多少 ”how many+ 可数名词复数如： how many programs 如 ：how much+不行数名词；如： how much coffee 但how much=whats the price of. 仍 有 “多 少 钱 ”的 意 思How much are those pants. 2how many times: 多少次 ”. 其答语表示次数；如：once ,twice,three times 等3 how old. 询问年龄如： How old are you. I am five. 4 “ how long .”多久 时间 常用for two days,for three hours 等回答；多长（某物的长度）如：-How long is the river. 10 kms. 5how soon 用来询问过多久,多久以后,其答语是in two hours,in three days 等；3. 如： How soon will he come back？In an hour ；4. at least 至少at most 最多“ 闲暇的” ：Are you free tonight. be free “ 自由的” ： a free country freedomn 5. stay up 熬夜（ to do sth.）“ 免费的” ： work for free. 6. full“ 满的；饱的 ” be full of : The bottle is full of water.瓶子里装满了水；“ 忙的”=busy He had a full life 7（ 1） be good for “ 对 有好处 ” ；（ 2） be good at doing sth.：“善于于 ”如： Doing exercise is good for our health. 如： He is good at playing football. 3 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - （ 3） be good with: “与 相处好 ”如： The teacher is good with his students. 8go online = use the Internet ：上网 9. more than=over “ 超过”10. ask sb. to do : 叫 做某事Teacher asked me to clean the classroom. ask sb. not to do sth.: 叫 不要做某事 Teacher asked me not to clean the classroom. ask sb. for sth. : 向某人要求 如： ask teacher for help 11. help sb. with sth. 如：They help me with this problem. 他们帮忙你解决这个问题；help sb.（to）do. 如： They help you to solve this problem. 他们帮忙你解决这个问题；13. n 诧异 : to ones surprise 令某人诧异的是in surprise 诧异地surprise v 使诧异、意外：be surprised at sth. 对 感到意外be surprised to do sth. 诧异做某事be surprised that + 从句如： I was surprised at the news = I was surprised to hear the news. 14. althoughconj: 尽管；虽然 ” ,表示转折关系,同义词有 though, 不与 but 同时使用；如：Although they re neighbors, they don t play together. 尽管他们是邻居,但是他们不在一起玩；15. maybe adv: 或许,大致,放于句首或句中may + be：或许是,大致是,放于句中如： Maybe he is at home.= He maybe is at home.= He may be at home. 16. 例如such as =like + 名短：如：such as winning the game. for example + 句子17. You can spend time with your friends and family as you play together. spend 度过（时间）如： spend the weekend with family 花费（时间、钱）如： He spent 20 yuan in buying the magazine. 同义句： He spent 20 yuan on the magazine. He paid 20 yuan for the magazine. It took him 20 yuan to buy the magazine. The magazine cost him 20 yuan. Unit 3 I m more outgoing than my sister 重点短语：care about 关怀as long as只要the same as,和 一样bring out in fact 事实上make sb. Laugh 使我笑be similar to 和 相像have fun 玩的高兴重要考点：1同级比较 as+adj./adv.原级 +as : “ 犹如 一样 ”否定： not as/so+adj./adv.原级 +as : “不如 一样 ”4 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2. 形容词和副词的比较级（ 1）大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：原级、比较级、最高级 : good better - best （ 2）比较级：表示两者 人或物 之间的比较；（ 3）加 more/most 的情形： .部分双音节和多音节词； .-ed/ing 结尾的词；adj+ly adv.（ 4）双写的词：一个大热天,一个胖子和一个瘦子穿着红衣服,汗湿了,很难过；big hot fat thin red wet sad （ 5）主语必需与对比成分保持一样：Her hair is longer t han yours. your hair（ 6）比较级 and比较级：越来越 e.g. They talked more and more loudly. （ 7） the 比较级 , the比较级 ；越 就越 The more exercise you do, the stronger youll be.（ 9）“ Which / Who is + 比较级, A or B？”one.（10） the+比较级 +of the（ two ） : e.g. Which T-shirt is nicer, this one or that 两者中较 的一个；如：Of the twins, she was the more hard-working . （ 11）比较级前可用“ 数词 +名词 ” 表示确定的度量；如：I am 5 years older than him The room is 3 times as large as that one. （ 12）比较级常与 much, even, far, than, a little, a bit, a lot 等连用 . 3. 叙述：tell a story/lie/joke. tell 告知 ： tell sb. sth.= tell sth. to sb. ; tell sb. not to do sth. 辨别；识别： Can you tell the differences between the twins. 4. look like : 看起来像（外貌）She is pretty tall. be like: 像（性格,外貌）He is outgoing/ serious. 5. 使显现；使表现出：The dress brings out the color of her skin. bring out 生产；出版：The factory brings out a new kind of car. bring out the best/worst in sb. 激发出某人最好 /最差的品质 . 6. n 当心； 谨慎 Take care. 当心 /保重 Cross the road with care. care 介意；在乎（ =mind ）I don t care what happens. care about: 关怀；在意 如： He doesn t care about anything people say.care for 关怀；照料 = take care of 或 look after 喜爱；想要（否或疑） 如：Would you care for a cup of coffee. 7 both：两个都；用在实动之前,其它动词之后You are both too young. They both speak English. both of .+名词复数 如： Both of the flowers are beautiful. 两朵花都很美丽；both and两者都 反义词组： neither nor 两者都不 8. touchv 接触；触摸： Dont touch the paint.请勿触油漆 . 触动；感动I was touched/moved by his words. 我被他的话打动了；n接触；联系 : keep in /lose touch with sb. 与.保持失去联系get in touch with sb. 与 .取得联系5 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 10. She made me laugh and feel better. laugh at sb. 笑话；取笑某人 make/let /have sb. do sth.= get sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事make+宾语 +形容词 : 使某人 /某事怎样 如：His words make us happy. 11. Its not easy for me to make friends. make frien ds with sb. 与.交伴侣 It s+adj.+ for sb.+ to do sth.: 某人做某事怎么样 . It 是形式主语, to do sth.是真正主语 Unit 4 What s the best movie theater. 重点短语：So far 目前为止 have in common 有 共同点 all kinds of 各种各样的up to,由 打算 play a role 起 作用 make up 编造for example 例如 take seriously认真对待考点：1. 最高级：表示三者或三者以上人或物 之间的比较；+ of/in （ 1）最高级基本句型结构：主语+ 谓语动词+ the + adj./adv. 最 如： Tara is the youngest of all. 注： 1 副词的最高级前可省略Linda draws the most carefully in her class. “ the” ： 如： sit the most comfortably 坐得最舒服2 最高级前有其它的限定词时,不加“the” ： my best friend （ 2） Which / Who +the + 最高级 , A, B or C . e.g. Which do you like the best, apples, pears or oranges. （ 3） one of +the +最高级（形） +名（复）： “ 最 之一 ” ；e.g. Jack Chen is one of the most famous actors in the world. （ 4）the + 序数词 +最高级（形）+名（单）：e.g. Hainan is the second largest island in China. （ 5） This is the +最高级（形） +名（单） + that 从句：e.g. This is the worst movie that I have ever seen. 这是我曾经看过的最糟糕的电影；（ 6） a+最高级（形） +名（单）: 表示 “ 特别 ” ；e.g. Spring is a best season. 2. 原级、比较级、最高级的相互转换（ 1）原级与比较级的转换：比较级+than not.as/so.as. e.g. He speaks more loudly than me. I don t speak as/so loudly as he/him.（ 2）比较级与最高级的转换： 比较级 +than+ the other +名（复）（在范畴之内）the+最高级any other+名（单）e.g. Jim is the tallest student in our class. Jim is taller than any other student in our class. 3. be up to sb. to decide. 由某人打算 be up to doing sth. 胜任；适合4. What s up. = What wrong.= What s the matter. 怎么哪？what s more: 另外；仍有what s worse: 更糟糕的是5How do you like the neighbor hood so far. 同义句：（ 1）How is the neighborhood. （ 2）What do you think of the neighborhood. 6. thanks for doing sth. = thank sb. for doing sth. 感谢某人做某事6 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 7No problem. 1. 不客气（回答感谢）2）没关系（回答赔礼）3 没问题（回答恳求）8watch/see/hear/feel/find/notice留意 + sb. do sth. 常常或已发生 doing sth. 某次或正在发生 如： I saw her come into the classroom. 已发生 I saw them playing basketball yesterday. 某次或正在发生 10. 全世界：around the world = in the world = all over the world. 11. have sth. in common with sb.: （与某人）在某方面有共同之处；12. Close v:关闭；封闭 close the door/road. adj: 近的；接近的 He is close to success. 他快要胜利了；亲热的；亲密的 my close friend adv: 接近；靠近 He sits close to the window. 他坐在窗户旁边；13play a role in . 在.扮演角色 /起作用 如： play an important role in play a role of . 扮演 .角色 如： play a role of a reporter 14. 事；make up伪造；编造I made up a story as I went along. 我现场编了一个故（为）化妆；装扮The performers are making themselves up. 组成；构成Girls make up 45% of the students. make up for : 补偿；补偿如：You should do something to make up for your mistake. 16.give sb. a way to do sth : 给某人供应一个做. 的方式；come true: （理想等）实现17. be talented in: 在 . 有天赋She is talented in music. have a talent for doing sth. ：有 .的天赋 He has a talent for painting. Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show. 重点短语：Find out 查明 soap opera 肥皂剧 action movie 动作电影 be ready to 预备做某事dress up 化妆装扮 take sb s place 代替 do a good job做得好hope to do sth 期望做某事 have a discussion争论 expect to do sth.期望做某事考点：1. plan n方案：make a plan to do sth.= plan to do sth. 制定方案做 2. make a plan for sth. 为 制定方案 如: make a plan for your trip. v 方案 ;准备： plan to do sth stand 站立： stand up 代表 : stand for sth. 容忍（否） : can t stand doing sth. 如: I can t stand telling lies.3. - What do you think of soap operas. 1. think of 认为；以为：如: What do you think of sitcoms. 想起；记得：如: I can t think ofhis name now. 考虑；关怀：如: Lei Feng always thought of other people first. 7 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - think about: 考虑 如: He is thinking about going on vacation . 2. think out: 想出如: think out a plan think over : 认真考虑 . mindn 头脑；想法；心思v留意；留心：如: Mind your head. 当心别碰头！介意；反对（否,疑问,条状）如: Would you mind opening the window. Would /Do you mind doing sth. 你介意；吗？never mind： 没关系（回答赔礼 : sorry ）；别担忧（用于劝慰对方 : I broke the cup. ）4. 1 hopen期望：如 : He never gave up his hope. v期望： hope to do sth. ; hope +that 从句 . 2 wishI hope so. 我期望如此；I hope not. 我不期望如此；但愿（虚拟） ： wish +that 从句 . 如: I wish that I were a bird. 期望： wish（ sb.） to do sth. 如 : Do you really wish me to go. 希望： wish +sb.+ adj./n. 如: wish you success; （ 3） find out ：查明；弄清晰如: Youd better find out who broke the window. t find it. look for ：查找如: They looked for it everywhere, but they didn4 发生 happen ：Whats going on here.go on进展： How did you go on in your study. 你的学习进展得怎么样？连续同一件事： go on doing sth. e.g. It will go on raining all day. 另一件事 : go on to do sth. Stop reading. Let s go on to lisetn. 5 discussionn; discussv 6. have a discussion about sth. = discuss about sth. 争论 with sb. = discuss with sb. 与 争论跟随：如： I followed her up the steps. 我跟着她上了楼梯；1. follow遵循；听从（命令；规章等）如： Follow my advice. 2 happen . 沿着 前进：如：Follow the road to the bridge. 懂得；听清晰sb 如： You speak too fast for me to follow. 发生 go on： What h appened to you.= Whats wrong with you.巧遇 /偶然做 .：I happened to be out when you called . 71. expect期望；希望： expect sth/that+从句 : I expect the result. expe