2022年春季新版八年级下册英语第一至三单元知识点小结.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全2022 春季新版八年级下册英语第一至三单元学问点小结Unit 1 Whats the matter. 一、基础学问1. What s the matter . 怎么啦？出什么事情了？【解析】 matter/ ' m. t.r /n. 问题；事情What s the matter with you. = What the trouble with you. = What wrong with you. 你怎么了？【注】：matter 和 trouble 为名词,其前可加 the 或形容词性物主代词,wrong 是 adj. 不能加 the 【用法】用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题其后跟询问对象时,与介词 with 连用；即：Whats the matter with sb. = What s your trouble.= What s up. = What happens to sb. Whats the matter with you . I have a bad cold. 2. I had a cold.我感冒了；have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu 感冒have a fever 发烧have a cough 咳嗽have a toothache 牙疼have a headache头疼have a stomachache 胃疼,肚子疼3. 身体部位 +ache（疼痛）构成新的复合词stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothache back+ache=backache后背痛4. much too+ 形容词,意为太. ,too much+名词,意为许多,大量；5. enough【形容、副词】足够的/地, enough 放在 名前后,形副后 ；good enough 足够好, enough money=much money 6. lie down 躺下,lie 躺,躺着,过去式 lay；lie 说谎,过去式 lied 7. maybe 或许 ”,常用于句首,表示可能性,后加句子；Maybe you are right. may be,是情态动词 +be 的结构,意为 “可能,或许 ”,后加名词、代词或形容词；He may be angry. 8. sound like+名词代词和从句：It sounds like you dont know the truth. It sounds like a good idea. sound+形容词, “听起来,似乎 ”,The music sounds nice. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全9. need 需要,实义动词 need+名词,需要某物；need to do sth. 需要做某事,主语通常是人,表示人主动的动作：class. You need to listen carefully during need doing sth. 主语通常是物,表示被动的动作：Your dirty clothes need washing. 10. get off the bus 下（公交车）get on 上车11. agree 同意,赞同；agree with sth. 同意某事 如： I agree with that idea. agree to sb. 同意某人的看法 如： I agree to LiLei.12. trouble 问题,麻烦；be in trouble 遇到麻烦, make trouble 制造麻烦,have trouble in doing sth. =have difficulties in doing sth 做.有麻烦；13. right away=right now=at once ,意为 立刻 ；14.【复习】advice 不行数名词 劝说,建议,向 征求看法,give sb. advice on sth.就某事给某人建议；advise 动词 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事advise sb. doing sth. 15. 【复习】 exercise 练习、锤炼当 exercise意为 “ 练习 ” 时,为可数名词即可加 s 当 exercise意为 “ 锤炼 ” 时,为不行数名词即不加 s16. hurt 及物动词,使 疼痛, 受伤, He hurt his leg while exercising. 不及物动词, （部位）疼；His leg hurt badly. 洁净的,cleaner 意为清17. clean 【动词】 打扫,clean the classroom 打扫教室,【形容词】洁工；18. hit （用手或器具）打；击打The boy hit the dog with a stone. hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back 打某人的头、鼻子、后背,hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子,on 用在所打较硬的部位；in 用在所打较软的部位；19. be used to sth./ doing sth.习惯于、适应了 、做某事,强调状态；His grandpa was used to country life. Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning. get/ become used to sth./ doing sth. 变得习惯,逐步适应 ”强调过程、动作：It s difficult for one to get used to another countrys habit.20. 【复习】 free 形容词 闲暇的 free time ；免费的 the drink is for free ；自由的 I want to become a free bird. free【动词】使 解脱,得到自由：21. run out 用完,用完He could not free his arm. When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全物 sth. run out. 某物用完了；人 sb. run out of sth. 人用完了某物；He run out of all his money last night. 22. risk sb. to do sth. 冒险去做某事take a risk=take risks 冒险23. the importance of doing sth. （做）某事的重要性We students should know the importance of learning English. importance n. 重要（性）,important adj.重要的, unimportant adj.不重要的24. decision 【名词】打算；选择；make a decision 做打算 ; make a decision to do sth.= decide to do sth. ；25. be in the control of 掌管,治理 The headmaster is in the control of this new school. be out of control 无法掌握,无法治理be under control 被掌握住,在掌握之中26. 【复习】 mind 意为介意,mind doing sth. 介意做某事, Would you mind my opening the window. 27. give up doing sth. 舍弃（做）某事,give up playing computer games；give up 后可接名词、代词和动词ing 形式,也可不接,如: Never give up easily. 二、重点语法【反身代词】英语中共有八个反身代词,在使用时应留意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一样；数单数第一人称其次人称第三人称itself 人称myself yourself himself herself 复数ourselves yourselves themselves 【用法】1. 可用作宾语,指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物；如：Maria bought herself a scarf. We must look after ourselves very well. 2. 可用作表语,指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物；如：She isnt quite herself today. 3. 可用作主语或宾语的同位语,常用来加强语气；如： She herself will fly to London tomorrow. 4. 用在某些固定短语当中；I met the writer himself last week. 如：look after oneself / take care of oneself 照管自己teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself自学enjoy oneself 玩得兴奋,过得开心help oneself to sth 请自用 （任凭吃 / 喝些 ）. hurt oneself 摔伤自己名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全say to oneself 自言自语leave sb. by oneself 把某人单独留下buy oneself sth. 给自己买 东西introduce oneself 介绍 自己【提示】1. 反身代词不能单独做主语,但可以做主语的同位语,起强调作用；如：我自己能完成作业；（误） Myself can finish my homework. 正 I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself. 2. 反身代词表示 “某人自己 ”不能表示 “某人的东西 ”,由于它没有全部格的形式；表达 “某人自己的 （东西）”时,必要用 ones own. 如：我用我自己的蜡笔画画； （误）I m drawing with myself crayons. 正 I m drawing with my own crayons.Unit 2 I ll help to clean up the city parks 一、基本学问点1. sick 生病的,有病的；可在句中作表语 也可作定语 a sick child Mary could not come because she is sick. 【区分 ill】ill 与 sick 同义；但是只在句中做表语,不做定语；Mary could not come because she is ill. 2. cheer sb. up（让某人）变得兴奋；兴奋起来The good news cheered up everyone in our class. 3. give out 分发；散发 ,相当于 hand out,The teacher is giving out/ handing out the test papers. give sth. out to sb. 意为把某物分发给某人；volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事,4. volunteer【名词】理想者【动词】义务做,自愿做（某事）The girls could volunteer in an after-school study program. 5. used to do sth.过去 /曾经 常做某事,表示过去的习惯、动作或状态,并强调现在已经不再存在或发 生；There used to be a cinema here. 这里曾有一个照相机；They told me stories about the past and how things used to be. 他们告知我关于这里过去的故事；6. alone【形容词】独自一人的, 无感情颜色： The musician enjoyed living alone and writing songs himself. lonely（感到）孤独孤寂的, 带有很强的感情颜色, 可做表语或定语； The lonely boy is not lonely now. 7. care for sb./sth.照管；照管 名师归纳总结 care 【名词】当心,关怀take care of=look after 【动词】 care about sb./sth.关怀,在意某人 /事第 4 页,共 19 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全【形容词】 careful 认真的/ careless 马虎的【副词】 carefully 认真地8. such “ 这样的,这种,如此” ,用于修饰名词such+ a/ an+形容词 +单数名词 ：such a good day 多么美好的一天/such an exciting match 多么出色的竞赛such+形容词 +复数名词 /不行数名词 ：such important decisions 多么重要的建议 such delicious food 多么美味的食物假如名词前被 many, much, few, little 修饰时, 只能用 so,而不用 such：so many sick children/ so little time 9. try out for 参与 选拔,争取成为try out 试用,试验Thirty football players tried out for the Best Player of the year. 10. journey 【名词】（尤指长途）旅行,行程；trip 【名词】多指短途旅行；travel【名词、动词】travel around the world 【名词】 traveler 旅行者 11.【复习】 be busy with sth. 忙于（ 做）什么事情 be busy doing sth. 忙于（做）什么事情 12.【复习】 try doing sth. 试着去做某事 try to do sth. 尽力去做某事 try one s best to do sth. 尽某人最大的努力去做某事 13.【复习】 be worried about sb./ sth. = worry about sb./ sth. 担忧某人、某事 14. raise money 集资,筹钱； raise money for 为 筹钱 raise【动词】举起；提高；募集15. keep【动词】 keep+名词,保留（某物）；keep+形容词,保持16.【形容词】 broken 破旧的,出毛病的；才能的；在句中做定语和表语；blind 瞎的,失明的； deaf 聋的； disabled 有残疾的,丢失17. make it possible for sb. to do sth.使（某人）做某事成为可能,You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky. make it +形容词 +for sb. to do sth. 使（某人）做某事成为 ；think/find it + 形容词 to do sth. 18. make a difference to 对 有影响；对 有作用,difference 前可以用 no, any, some, much 等修饰,如 The rain made no difference to the game. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全Hard-working makes much difference to study. 19. difficulty 【可数 /不行数】表示抽象意义的“ 困难” 时为不行数；表示详细的“ 难题、难事” 时为 可数；have difficulty in doing sth.= have trouble in doing sth. 做某事有困难 20. train 【动词】训练, trained 为过去分词,可做定语,意为“ 受过训练的”a trained dog 21. be excited about sth. 对某事感到兴奋,Everyone is excited about the good news. 兴奋的, 修饰人 ；exciting 意为 令人兴奋 /兴奋的, 修饰物 ；【复习】 excited 意为22. order【名词】命令,指示；次序,次序【动词】订购；点（菜）follow the order ；23. change【动词】变化,转变 Its hard for a person to change his lifestyle. 【名词】变化； 零钱change A for B 用 A 换成 B：When you travel in China, remember to change US dollars for RMB. 24. repair 【动词】修理,修补；fix 【动词】安装；使固定【fix up 修理 =repair】Unit3 Could you please clean your room. 1. Peter ,could you please take out the trash. 彼得,你能把垃圾倒了吗？Could you please do sth .请你（做） .好吗？用于提出恳求,期望得到对方的确定回答,说话的语气比较客气委婉；Could 不是 can 的过去式,是委婉、礼貌的说法；回答用 can. 【常用答语】确定回答：Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem. 否定回答：Sorry , I cant2、 take out 取出（ v+ adv）【注】 : 跟代词做宾语,代词放中间；跟名词做宾语,可放在中间,也可放在后边His teeth hurt badly. The dentist take them out . 【短语】 take out the trash 倒垃圾 take a walk 漫步 take away 拿走,取走take back 收回 take place 发生 take off 脱下；起飞3. Can you do the dishes.？那你可以洗盘子吗？名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全do the dishes 洗碗【结构 1】do the +名词：do the dishes/ laundry 洗餐具 / 衣服【结构 2】do the +动词 -ing do the cleaning 打扫卫生【结构 3】do one s + 名词 do one s housework/ homework 做家务 / 家庭作业【结构 4】do some +动词 -ing do some reading/ shopping 读写书 / 购物4、Could I at least finish watching this show. 至少让我看完这个节目可以吗？1】 Could I do a sth. 我可以做 .吗？用于表达恳求,语气比较委婉；Could I go out with my classmate this weekend. 2】 at least 至少,多指数量或程度上的最低限度；反 at most 至少,不超过Now all of us exercise at least an hour a day and outside school. 3】 finish v 终止；完成 finish doing sth 做完某事 Can you finish _reading_ these books before 10 o'clock. Yes, I can. 5、 I think two hours of TV is enough for you. 我觉得你看两个小时的电视已经足够了；1】 two hours of TV 表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时,通常被视作整体,谓语动词用单数形式；How time is flies. Three years _is_be really a short time. 作形容 足够的,充分的（在句中作定语或表语）【解析 2】enough 作 副I dont have enough money with me.足够；充分（放在形容词；副词后）The river is deep enough for swimming. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全【记】Mr. Smith has enough money ,but he isnd enough to help others. 【留意】 enough 修饰名词时,置于名词前；修饰形容词时,置于形容词之后；6、 Could you take out the rubbish,fold the clothes and do the dishes. 你能把垃圾倒了；把衣服叠好,再把碗洗了吗？【解析】 take out 拿出；取出 take 的用法：拿；取吃；喝；服用Please take some books to the classroom. Take this medicine three times a day. take 乘（车；船等）They usually take the bus to work. 花费（时间；金钱）【拓展 】take 构成的短语：It takes me two hours to do my homework every day. take a walk 去漫步 take a rest 休息 take care of 照管 take off 脱下；起飞take up 占据 take down 拿下 take ones time 不急；渐渐来take ones temperature 量体温7. The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over . 我刚坐在电视机前面,我妈妈就过来了；【解析 1】the minute = as soon as “一. 就.” Please write to me the minute you get there. 【解析 2】 in front of in front of 指在物体外部的前面There is a bike in front of the classroom. 【辨析】in the front of 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全指在物体内部的前面Our teacher is standing in the front of the classroom 【记】The driver sat _in the front of _ the car. The policeman stood _in front of _ the car.【留意】有 the 无 the 区分大：at table 吃饭；进餐at the tabel 在桌边in hospital 住院in the hospital 在医院（不肯定看病）【解析 3】come over 过来【拓展】come 短语：come across（偶然）发觉 come back 回来 come up with 想出come true 实现 come down 下来 come from=be from 来自 ,诞生于come in/into 进入 ,进来 come on 赶快 ,加油 come along 走吧 ,过来 ,快点come and go 来来去去 come up 上来 come out 出来, 花开, 照片 冲洗出来7. You watch TV all the time and never help out around the house. 你总是看电视,从不帮忙做家务！all the time = always 始终；总是8. Im just as tired as you are. 我和你一样累！【解析】 as.as . 和.一样 . 9. For one week , she did not do any housework and neither did I. 一周的时间,她不做任何家务,我也不做；【解析】 neither +助动词 / 系动词 / 情态动词+主语“某人（主语）也不 ” neither 两者都不neither nor 既不 也不 ,连接两个词做主语,谓语动词由后一个主语确定名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全Neither Tom nor Jim is a student 表达 “ 也不 ” 就用 “ Neither /Nor + be / V助 / V 情 + 主” The first one wasn Neither was the second. 10. The next day , my mom came home from work to find the house clean and tidy. 其次天,妈妈下班回到家后发觉房间很洁净、洁净；【解析】 find +宾语 +宾语补足语【注】 find found found v1 find sb. doing sth 发觉某人做某事 2 find it + adj. + to do sth 发觉做某事很 find it difficult/ hard to do sth 发觉做某事很困难 She found _it_ hard to finish the work by herself. 11. She asked in surprise.她惊讶地问道；【解析】 in surprise 诧异地；惊讶地surprise v 使惊讶 surprising adj. 令人惊讶的 to one s surprise 使某人惊讶的是 in surprise 惊讶地 be surprised at 对 感到惊讶 surprised adj. 惊讶的To my surprise_使我惊讶的是）, he got the first prize in the exam. 12. “ I m do sorry, Mom. I finish understand that we need to share the housework to have a clean and comfortable home.” I replied.“对不起,妈妈；我最终懂得为了拥有一个洁净、舒服的家我们需要共同来分担家务；” 我回答说；【解析 1】need v 需要用于确定句,是实义动词；1人做主语, sb. need to do sth 某人需要做某事2物做主语, sth need doing sth= sth need to be done Students need _ to have_have a good rest in studying. The watch needs_mending_mend. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全用于否定句或疑问句,是情态动词1neednt = dont have to 没有必要must,否定回答用needn t2need ,must 引导的一般疑问句,确定会的用 Must I go there now. Yes, you must/No, you neednt【解析 2】share 共享；共用 share sth 共享或共用某物 share sth with sb. 与某人共享某物 All his friends _Shared_ his happiness when he won the match. 13.Could I hang out with my friends after the movie. 看完电影后我能和伴侣们一起闲逛吗？【解析】 hang out 闲逛 hang up 把.悬挂 / 挂起 14. Could you please pass me the salt.你能把盐递给我吗？【解析】 pass v 给；递；走过；通过 pass sb.sth 把某物递给某人 Pass on 传递 Please pass the paper on to the other students. v 通过；路过 I pass your home. ；及格 Tom can pass his math exam. v 通过（考试）15. Could I borrow that book.我能借下你那本书看吗、Could you lend me some money.你能借我一些钱吗？【解析】 borrow /lend/keep 1borrow 借入 ,与 from 连用,尤指主语 “【借进来 ”】borrow sth from sb. 从某人那里借某物You can borrow the book from the library. 2lend 借出 ,与 to 搭配 【指借出去】名师归纳总结 lend sb sth=lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人He doesn t want to lend his book to others. 第 11 页,共 19 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全3keep 保留,储存（连续动词,可以与表示一段时间的状语连用）【指借一段时间】【记】I want to _borrow_ a bike from my friend but he didnlend_ it to me, t _because Tom had _kept_ it for two days. 16. I cut my finger and I trying not to get it wet. 我的手指割伤了,伤口不能弄湿；【解析】 try not to do sth