2022年现在完成时用法.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载现在完成时 1 基本结构 ：确定句 : have/has+过去分词 done+其他 否定句： have+not/haven t +过去分词 done +其他 has+not/ hasn t+过去分词 done +其他 一般疑问句及回答： Have/Has+主语 +过去分词 +其他 Yes, 主语+have/has.确定 No, 主语 +haven't/hasn't.否定 一、表示在过去不确定的时间里发生的对现在造成影响的动作或结果；I have already spent all of my money.含义是 :现在我没有钱花了 Guo zijun has just come. 含义：郭子君现在在这儿 My father has gone to work.含义是 :我爸爸现在不在这儿 过去分词 1 、规章动词：规章动词的过去分词的构成规章与规章动词的过去式的构成规 就相同；四点变化规章：“ ed ”1、一般动词,在词尾直接加 work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited 2、以“ e ”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“ d ”live-lived-lived , 3、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词,将 "y" 变为 "i" ,再加 “ ed ”study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried 4、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ ed ”stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-dropped 2、不规章动词：do-did-done go-went-gone come-came-come have-had-had see-saw-seen be-was/were-been 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 16 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载句型转换：1. He has already gone home. _ 否定句 _ 疑问句 _确定回答 _否定回答 2. He has had lunch at home. _ 否定句 _ 疑问句 _确定回答 _否定回答 3. He has finished his homework. 划线提问 _ 4. I have had lunch at school. 划线提问 _ 5. I _ told him the news.（have/has）6. She _ come back from school.have/has 7. He has visited the Great Wall. 划线提问 _ 8. She has studied English for many years. 划线提问 _ 9. Tom has seen the film. 划线提问 _ 10. I have washed the clothes. 划线提问 _ 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 16 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载现在完成时 2 表示在过去不确定的时间里发生的对现在造成影响的动作或结果 , 常与时间副词 already（已经） ,yet（仍、已经） ,just刚刚、仅仅 ,ever（曾经） ,never（从不） ,before（以前）等连用；1. already 意为 “已经 ”,通常用于确定句中,可放在助动词之后,过去分词之前,也可以放在句末；实例：I ve already read this book. I ve washed my clothes already 2. yet用在疑问句中意为 “已经 ”,用在否定句中意为 “仍”,常放在句末；实例：Has he found his watch yet ？No,not yet The woman hasn't found her dog yet 3. just 意为“刚刚 ”,表示行为刚刚过去,常放在助动词与过去分词之间；实例： He has just come back from school 4. ever意为 “曾经”,放在助动词与过去分词之间；实例：Have you ever been to Hong Kong ？I haven t ever spoken to her 5. never意为 “从来没有 ”常与 before 连用（ before要放在句尾, 而 never多放在 助动词与过去分词之间；实例： I have never travelled by plane before 6. before意为 “以前”,指过去不确定的某个时间,总是放在句末,不受句型的 限制；实例：Have you ever been to Hainan before ？I haven t eaten Guangdong food before名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 16 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载把 already,yet,just,ever,never,before放在句中适当的位置； 1、Jim has finished doing his homework. already _ 2、My father has been to the Great Wall before. never _ 3、She hasn t seen the new film.yet _ 4、She has been to Shanghai before.ever _ 5. Have you found your watch.yet _ 6. -Are you thirsty. -No I have had some orange juice.just _ 7. We have returned return the book.already _ 8. I haven t finished my homework. yet Can you help me. _ 9. My father have read the novel.ever _ 10.I ve arrived by train.just _ 不规章动词：do-_-_ go-_-_ come-_-_ have-_-_ see-_-_ be-_-_ read-read-read eat-ate-eaten speak-spoke-spoken find-found-found get-got-gotten/got win-won-won 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 16 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载现在完成时 3 用法二：现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的 ,连续到现在的动 作或状态,常与 for（+时间段）, since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用 , 对 for 和 since引导的时间状语提问要用 How long for + 段时间 since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从 以来）since+时段+ago since+句子（过去时）1 I've lived here for 16 years. I've lived here since 1990I've lived here since 16 years ago. Mr Wang has lived in the factory since he came to the city2 I haven't seen him for three years 我三年没有观察他了；= I haven't seen him since 2022. = since three years ago =I haven't seen him since I saw him last time in 2022. 练习 A （用 for 或 since填空）1. He has lived in Nanjing _ two years ago. 2. Ive known him _ we were children.3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years. 4. She has been away from the city _ about ten years. 5. It has been ten years _ she left the city. B（完成以下句子）1. 她在这所教学已经有五年了；She_ at this school _ . She_ at this school _ . 自从她来到这所城市,她就在这所学校教学；She_ at this school _ . 2. 从 2006 年, 他就在这里工作；He_ here _. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 16 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载He_ here _. 自从他来这里以来,他就在这家工厂工作；He_ here _ . 3. He has lived in the small town for 20 years.对划线部分提问 _ . 4. Wu Dong _be a soldier for one year. 5. The students _study in the middle school since last month. 6. How long _ you _know him. 7. Mike _ make quite a few friends since he came to China. 8. These children _ stay in the park for two hours. 9. I have been to Macau before.改为否定句 I _ _ been to Macau before. 10 .He has learned English for 5 years.就划线部分提问 _ _ _ _ learned English . 11. I bought a new bike just now.用 just 改写 I _ just _ a new bike. do-_-_ go-_-_ come-_-_ have-_-_ see-_-_ be-_-_ read-_-_ eat-_-_ find-_-_ get-_-_ win-_-_ speak-_-_ teach-taught-taught sing-sang-sung drink-drank-drunk swim-swam-swum begin-began-begun run-ran-run 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 16 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载现在完成时用法 4 have gone to, have been to, have been inhave gone to 指去某地 仍没回来；have been to 指到过 某地且已经回来,可以和once, twice, three times, often, never, ever连用,也可和 just,never,ever等连用；have been in 指始终 待在 某地,常与 for, since 时间状语连用 例如：1. Where is Jim？He has gone to England. 2. My father has been to Beijing twice. 3. I have been in Shanghai for three years. 用 have been to, have gone to,have been in的各种形式填空；1. Where are the boys. They _ the teachers office. 2. My father _ Japan twice. 3. Tom _ China since 1998. 4. She_ never_ London before. 5. How long _you_ London. 6. Where _ you , Lily. I_ the bookshop and bought many books. 7. Jack, I havent seen your brother for a long time.He _ Shanghai on business for two months. 二、翻译以下句子：1. 格林先生在北京已经有 10 年了；_ 2. 你曾经去过美国吗？去过,我去过三次；_ 3. 玛丽哪去了？她去超市了；_ 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 16 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载一、挑选题；1. We have been friends since _. A. children B. five years C. five years ago D. five years before 2. You _ that question three times. A. already asked B. have already asked C. already have asked D. asked already 3. Those foreign friends left Guangzhou _. A. since last week B. a week ago C. for a week D. since a week ago 4. I _ at this school for two years. A. am studying B. study C. studied D. have studied 5. They _ in the city since last summer. A. live B. didnt live C. have lived D. live 6. Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou _ 1992. A. since B. from C. after D. in 二、用动词的适当形式填空；1. _ you _ read todays newspaper yet. 2. They _already_do their homework. 3. -_ you _ see the film last night. -No, I _ see it for several times. 4. She _ be ill for three days. 5. My father _ buy a book for me yesterday. 6. She_ never read this book before. 7. _ you ever _ travel on a train before. 8. - _ Wei Hua _ come yet. -Yes. She_ come already. She _ come just now. 9. -How long _you _learn English. -For more than two years. 10. They _ live in China since they _ move to China. 现在完成时 5 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 16 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载连续性动词和终止性动词连续性动词表示能够连续的动作；如 ：study, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等；连续性动词可以与 for+ 段时间 ,since+ 过去时间点/ ago/ 过去时的句子连用；He has lived here for 6 years. You can keep the book for 5 days. I stayed there for 2 weeks last year. How long did you stay there last year. 终止性动词也称非连续性动词、瞬时动词或点动词,表示不能连续的动作,这种动作发生后立刻终止 ； 如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy, arrive等；终止性动词 在现在完成时中的用法：1）终止性动词可用来表示某一动作的完成,因此可用于现在完成 时；The plane has arrived飞机到了；I have finished my homework我已完成了作业 ；2）终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂,不能连续,所以其现在完成时 的状语连用； 如：他死了三年了；误：He has died for three years, 不能和表示一段时间他来这儿三个月了；误：he has come here for three months 两句中的动词 die 和 come都为终止性动词,它们可用于完成时,但不能同表示一段时间的状语 for three years months连用；那这两句如何译成英语呢？我们可采纳以下方法：A用能够表示连续状态的相应的连续性动词替换句中的终止性动词；如：He has been dead for three yearsHe has been here for three months B. 把时间状语改为表示过去的时间状语,把现在完成时改为一般过去时；如：He died three years ago名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 16 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载He came here three months ago两者的转换 : leave - be away from, borrow - keep, buy - have, begin/start - be on, die - be dead, finish - be over, get up-be up, come here - be here, go there - be there, become - be, come back - be back, get to/ arrive/reach - be in, go get out be output on wearcatch a cold have a cold, join - be in+ / be a member of+ , 依据提示完成句子1. 他的爷爷去世三年了；His grandfather_ 3 years ago. His grandfather has_ _ _ 3 years. 2. 你买这辆自行车有多长时间了？How long have you_the bike. 3. 我买这本故事书三年了；I have _this story book_three years. 4.他参军十年了 He _the Army（军队） ten years ago. He has _ _the Army for 10 years. 5. The film began two minutes ago. （同义句）The film _ _ _ for _ _. 6. I bought a pen two hours ago. （同义句）I _ _ a pen for _ _. 7. He left Fuzhou just now. （同义句）He _ _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes. 8. He came back two years ago. He _ _ _ for _ _. 9. He arrived Beijing five minutes ago. He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _. 现在完成时用法 7 一、单项挑选名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 16 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载1. Mary_ to see the film tomorrow because she_ it twice. A. won t go, saw B. won t go, will see C. won t go, has seen D. didn t go, sees 2.- Would you like some more food. -Thank you. I _ enough（足够） . A. will have B. have had C. have D. had 3. - _ you _ England. -Yes, it_ a beautiful country. A. Will, gone to, was B. Have, been to, is C. Had, been to, is D. Have, gone to, is 4. -_ you_ to Beijing. -No, I _. I _ there early next month. A. Have, been, havent, am going B. Had, been, hadnt, am going C. Have, gone, havent, was going D. Did, go, didnt, was going 5. -You sister_ to London to study English. Is that true. -Yes , she_ there for two months. A. has been, has been B. will go, has gone C. gone, will be D. has gone, has been 6. He has a computer of his own. He_ it two days ago A. bought B. is bring C. will bring D. has bought 7. Where is Li Lei. He _ Shanghai. A. has gone to B. has been to C. went to D. goes to 8. David _ Shanghai for more than three months. A. came to B. has been to C. has been in D. has come to 9. - Is your father a Party member. - Yes, he_ the Party党 three years ago. He _ a Party member for three years. A. joined; has been B. has joined; has been C. was joined; is D. joined; was 10. It _ ten years since he left the army . . is . has . will . was 二、依据要求完成句子；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页,共 16 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载1. He has lived here since 1999.就划线部分提问 _ _ _ he_ here. 2. They have already finished the work.（否定句）They _ _ the work _. 3. My father got there two days ago.（同义句）My father _