高中英语倒装语法精讲_.doc

高中英语倒装语法精讲_英语中，根据主语和谓语相对顺序的不同分为两种语序。英语句子的语序通常是主语在前，谓语在后，这种语序称为正常语序。但有时由于语法结构的需要或为了达到某种修辞目的，要把谓语动词放在主语之前，这种语序就被称作倒装语序。倒装语序有两种情况：将谓语动词完全移至主语之前，为完全倒装 (Full Inversion);只把谓语动词的一部分 (通常是助动词或情态动词) 移至主语之前, 为部分倒装 (Partial Inversion)。还有一种情况，句子的主谓顺序没有变，但是句中某一成分提前了(通常是宾语、表语和状语)。这种情况通常被称为前置。例如：Never before have I heard such a thing. (部分倒装)我从未听说过这样的事。In the corner of the kitchen stands a refrigerator. (完全倒装)冰箱在厨房的角落。What a lovely girl she is! (表语前置)多么可爱的女孩啊!一、完全倒装1. 用于 there be 句型。例如：There are some students in the classroom.教室里有几位学生。There is a tall tree in front of the classroom.教室的前面有一棵大树。2. 用于 here (there，now，then)+不及物动词+主语 的句型中，或以 in，out，up，down，away 等副词开头的句子里，以表示强调。例如：Here comes the bus. 汽车来了。There goes the bell. 铃响了。Now comes your turn. 现在轮到你了。Out went the children. 孩子们出去了。注意：5. 用于 so，neither，nor 开头的句子，表示重复前句的部分内容。原句的谓语应与前句的谓语的时态、形式相一致。例如：He has been to Canada. So have I.他去过加拿大，我也去过。You can t speak French. Neither can she.你不会说法语，她也不会。6. 为了保持句子平衡，或为了强调表语或状语，或是上下文紧密衔接时。例如：They arrived at a small village，in front of which was a big river.他们来到一个小村庄，村庄前面是条大河。Inside the pyramids are the burial rooms for the kings and queens.在金字塔里面有埋葬国王和王后的墓室。二、部分倒装1. 用于疑问句。例如：Do they work in the factory?他们在这家工厂上班吗?2. 用于省略的虚拟条件状语从句。例如：Had I seen him yesterday wouldn t go to his house now.如果我昨天见到他了，我现在就不去他家了。3. 用于 形容词(或名词、动词)+ as (though) 引导的让步状语从句中。例如：Young as he is，he knows a lot.他虽然很年轻，但知道很多。Try as he would，he might failed again.他虽然可以试试，可能还会失败。注意：如果从句的表语是名词，其名词前无形容词时，不用冠词;若有形容词要用冠词。Child as he was，he had to make a living.他虽是个孩子，但得糊口。A bad-tempered man as Mr Chen is，he loves us deeply.陈老师脾气不好，但他深深地爱着我们。4. 用于 no sooner than ， hardly when 和 not until 等句型。例如：No sooner had I come in，the telephone rang.我刚进屋，电话铃就响了。Not until 12 did he go to sleep.直到 12 点他才入睡。5. 用于 never，hardly，seldom，scarcely，barely，ittle，at no time，not only 等开头的句子。Never shall I do this again. 我绝不会再做此事。Seldom does he come late. 他很少迟到。(1)主语是代词时，主语和谓语不倒装。(2)here，there 放在句首通常用一般现在时。Here it is. 给你。(你要的东西在这儿。)Here he comes. 他来了。3. 当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时，也常将其全部倒装。例如：South of the city lies a big steel factory.城市南边有一家大型钢厂。From the valley came a frightening sound.从山谷里传来了可怕的声音。4. 表语置于句首时，倒装结构为 表语+连系动词+主语 ：(1)形容词+连系动词+主语Present at the meeting were Mr Li，Mr Wang and many other teachers.出席会议的有李老师、王老师和其他很多老师。(2)过去分词+连系动词+主语Gone are the days when we used foreign oil.我们使用洋油的日子一去不复返了。(3)介词短语+be +主语Among the goods are books，exercise-books，pens and some other things.在所有的货物中有书、练习册、钢笔和其他东西。6. 用于 only +状语 开头的句子。Only in the way can we learn English well.只有这样我们才能学好英语。Only then did he know he was wrong.直到那时他才知道他错了。7. 用于 so +形容词 / 副词 放在句首的 so that 句子。例如：So young is the boy that he can t join the army.这孩子没到参军的年龄。So fast is he running that he can keep up with the bike.他跑得快得能跟上自行车。三、前置语法上要求的前置主要有以下几种情况:1. 在感叹句中的前置How beautiful this actress is!这个女演员多么美丽啊!What a lovely picture he has painted!他画了一张多么好的画啊!2. 在the more , the more 结构中的前置The sooner you give up smoking, the healthier you will become.你越早戒烟，你就会越健康。The more books one reads, the more knowledge he has.一个人读书越多，知识就越多。3. 在疑问词或连接词whether等引起的从句中的前置Whatever advice you may offer, it will be of value to us.无论你提什么建议，对我们来说都是有价值的。You can hardly imagine how fast he drives.你几乎不能想象他的车开得有多快。4. 修辞中所出现的前置修辞前置的目的主要有两个: 强调和衔接。修辞中出现的前置主要有以下几种情况:1)宾语前置Very good lesson we had yesterday.昨天的课上得非常好。Really good meals they serve at that hotel.那家酒店的食物非常好吃。Most of these problems a computer could take in its stride.大多数这样的问题计算机都能轻易的解决。2)状语前置She has translated into Chinese a novel written by Mark Twin.她已经将马克吐温的一部小说翻译成了中文。He was writing carefully the New Year s cards to be sent to his friends.他在认真的写着准备寄给朋友们的新年明信片。第 8 页 共 8 页