（整理版高中英语）市高考英语阅读理解完形填空专题训练（14）附答.doc

省 市高考英语阅读理解、完形填空专题训练14附答案 In the United States the most popular form of folk dancing since the earliest days has been squa,redancing. In early times, when men and women worked in gr6ups to build a bam(牲口) or harvest crops, they danced when the work was done. The music coming from a violin formed the most part, but if there was no one to play an instrument, clapping was used to produce the rhythm by which to dance. The early settlers danced in a store, in a Dam, or in a farm kitchen. A square is formed by four couples who stand facing the center of the square, Each couple stands on one side of the square, the boy on the left and the girl on the right. The caller is an important part of the dance, since he tells the dancers which steps to do. If the dancers do not know the steps, he teaches them. It takes time to learn to be a good caller, and good callers are always in demand. These are the names of some of the steps the dancers do: Form a square; Circle; Honor your partner; Promenade (walk about slowly); Swing your partner; Form a star. There are many more. As the caller tells the dancers what to do next, they move to form the pattern he calls. Large or small numbers of people can dance at one time. Sometimes 800 or 1,000 people may be dancing at the same time. Or there may be only one square of eight people. Costumes are worn by some who square-dance, This makes the dancing more colorful to watch. The costumes vary from place to place. Women often wear full skirts of variouscolors with a pretty blouse, Men have colored shirts and west- ern trousers that they wear only when square-dancing. In some country areas, everyone wears his best clothes. 1. From the passage we know that squaredaneing originated from_. A. the schools B. the countryside C. big cities D. factories 答案：B 指导：细节判断题，由文章第一段第二句可知。2. In the first paragraph, the underlined word “clap means“_. A. hit the hands together to make a sound B. a kind of thing like a radio C. shout at the top of one's voice D. knock something to make a sound 答案：A 指导：猜想词义题。前面说“if there was no one to play an instrument"，此处接着说“就用clap的方式打节奏(rhythm)"，由此可推知其为“拍手之意。3. If 1,000 people dance at the same time, how many squares can be formed? A. Only one big square, B. 1,000 squares. C. More than 100 squares. D. Less than 100 squares. 答案：C 指导：计算题。由第二段可知，每一个square由八个人组成，由此可推知。4. We can know from the passage that spuare-dancing _. A. is a nationwide custom of the US B. varies from one place to another C. is perforrmed only by people with colorful dresses D. has changed Arrericans' dressing customs答案：A 指导：短文第一段第一句可知。*结束Travelling around the world with children is difficult enough, while attempting it without using motorized transport is even more of challengeEven so, Dario Schworer a 42-year-old climatologist and mountain guide, and his 33-year-old wife Sabine are on a journey to do just thatThe Swiss couple want to travel across the world's oceans and climb the highest mountain on every continent to promote Earth-friendly ways of life"We are collecting good examples of dealing with climate change and living in harmony with nature and we want to spread such ideas" Schworer said"We want to help people affected by global warming and to inspire children for the future"Recently after having spent three months teaching children in the Everest region, the couple want to show it is possible to travel through the world's climate zones using just human-power and forces of natureIn the 47 countries they have visited they have collected 22 tons of trash, taught people in Ecuador how the sun's rays can be used to clean water and inspired a person in Chile to build a house on water with recycled plastic bottles as a foundationThey have also collected trash in the mountains of Nepal with school childrenSo far they have communicated with 45,000 children from South America, Australia and Asia, giving presentations about the importance of recycling and using alternative energy like solar and wind powerWhen they began their adventure in they had no children of their ownBut since then two has become five: daughter Sabine is now five years old, Andri was born in Chile and baby Neo was bom in AustraliaInitially the couple thought they would complete their travels in four years, but now, they believe it could take seven more"Since our belief is the need to respect nature, we travel only when conditions are good," Schworer said45Why do the Swiss couple travel around the world?ATo inspire their children for the futureBTo prove a travel without motorized transportCTo promote Earth-friendly ways of lifeDTo explore the secret of global warming46They did a lot during the travel except _Acollect rubbish and wasteBbuild a house with recycled plastic bottlesCcommunicate with local childrenDshow people how to use energy47What's the meaning of the underlined word "Initially"?AAt the beginning BIn a wayCIn the end DOn the whole48The best title of the passage can be _AA Swiss family' journey across the worldBNature needs respecting and protectingCWe have a long way to make a good travelDAn eco-friendly adventure across the world*结束LONDON ( Reuter)- Ecotourism is causing a lot of damage to wildlife and may be endangering the survival of the very animals people are flocking蜂拥而至 to see, according to researchers.Biologists and conservationists are worried because polar bears, dolphins, penguins and other creatures are getting stressed and losing weight and some are dying."Evidence is growing that many animals do not react well to tourists in their backyard, New Scientist magazine said.The immediate effects researchers have noticed are changes in behavior, heart rates, or stress hormone levels but they fear it could get much worse and over the long term could endanger the survival of the very wildlife they want to see.Although money produced through ecotourism, which has been growing at about 10-percent-30 percent a year, has major benefits for poor countries and people living in rural areas, the Swiss-based World Conservation Union and some governments fear not all projects are audited (审计) and based on environmentally friendly policies, according to the magazine,"The transmission(传播) of disease to wildlife, or small changes to wildlife health through disturbance of daily life or increased stress levels, while not obvious to the casual observer, may translate to lower survival and breeding ,"saida professor in New Zealand.Scientists have noticed that bottleneck dolphins along the northeastern coast of New Zealand become nervously excited when tourist boats arrive. Similar changes in behavior have been observed in polar bears and yellow-eyed penguins in areas visited by ecotourists are producing smaller babies.Conservationists are now calling for more research into the effect of ecotourism on animals and say the industry must be developed carefully. They also want studies done before new ecotourism projects are started.“The animals welfare should be very important because without them there will be no ecotourism,said Rochelle Constantine of the University of Auckland in New Zealand.63What's the text mainly about?AMany animals are dying because of lack of money.BThere will be no ecotourism without animals.CEcotourism could endanger the survival of the wildlife.DMore research should be done on ecotourism. 64We may learn from the text that _ .Aecotourism must be developed properlyBpolar bears are losing weight without enough foodCall the poor countries have stopped ecotourismDmoney produced through ecotourism should be spent on wildlife65Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text?AMany animals do not react well in their backyard.BPolar bears in areas visited by ecotourists are producing smaller babies.CEcotourism has been growing at about 10percent-30 percent a year.DStudies should be done before new ecotourism projects are started. 66What Rochelle Constantine said in the last paragraph implies that _ .Ahigh income, they must develop ecotourismBanimals have rights to live their own lifeCanimals are peoples good friendsDpeople should take good care of wildlile*结束时事新闻类阅读材料在近年高考中屡屡涉及。这类材料往往语言地道，内容时新。 一、材料特点 广告类阅读题的五大特点 1. 材料特点：大家知道，刊登广告是要钱的，为了节省费用，人们在拟写广告时往往都希望用最少的篇幅表现最大量的信息，这就决定了广告类材料通常具有以下特点：信息量大，用词简练，形式灵活。 2. 内容特点：综观近几年的高考英语阅读理解题，其中广告类阅读题内容主要涉及的是与人们生活息息相关的信息，如产品宣传、效劳介绍、招生招聘等。 3. 形式特点：做广告的主要目的就是要让受众了解并记住广告内容，并为广告上所刊登的内容(产品或效劳等)买单。为了到达这一目的，人们在设计广告时往往会做到：标题醒目，重点突出，条理清楚。 4. 用词特点：广告类阅读材料的用词有以下“三多特点：一是人名、地名、专有名词多；二是生词多；三是缩略词、省略句多。 【考点pk】 名师考点透析考点一、细节事实理解。一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序时间、空间、情感变化等排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，表达文章的主旨大意。细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，难度较小，但在整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大，细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目。此类题通常根据文章具体内容来设问，也常使用以下方式来提问1.Which of the following statements is(not) true/correct?2.Which of the following is not mentioned?3.All of the following are true except.4.According to the passage,when/where/why/how/how/what/which,etc.？1.直接事实题 在解答这类问题时要求学生抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。 如：A giant dam was built many years ago to control the Colorado River in the U.S.This dam was built to protect the land and houses around the river.This huge dam is in the Black Canyon.It is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to the other on a road，which is on the top of the dam.This dam is so big that there is an elevator inside.The elevator goes down forty-four stories from the road to the bottom.There is enough concrete in this dam to build a highway from New York to San Francisco.Thousands of people worked on this dam for five years. This huge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in 1936.Later it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor of a president of the United States.Hoover Dam，one of the highest dams in the world，is situated between the states of Arizona and Nevada.Q：Hoover Dam lies_ . A.between Arizona and NevadaB.in the Black CanyonC.between New York and San FranciscoD.both A and BInvited by Mr.Ye Huixian，host of the well-received TV programme“Stars Tonight，Miss Luo Lin，Miss Asia of 1991，appeared as the guest hostess on the Shanghai TV screen last Sunday. Born in Shanghai and taken to Hongkong when she was only six years old，Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia.Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess.Before she took part in the competition，she had been an airhostess in Cathay Airline for seven years.However， it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage，dancing,singing,making-up and other proper manners，designed by the Asia TV Station.“Its really a hard job for me.I wont enter for such competition any more.Anyhow，I am quite lucky.I am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I won the title.This time，in Shanghai，Id love to make a deep impression on my TV audience，said Luo Lin with a sweet smile.Q：Which of the following is NOT true?A.Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.B.Luo Lin moved to Hongkong with her parents.C.Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.D.Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.【解析】A、C和D项都可在原文找到答案，而B项原文所给的是：taken to Hongkong可判断不是moved to Hongkong with her parents，因此选B。 考点二、主题理解或写作意图推断。一、主旨阅读理解题考查的内容1.短文的标题title,headline；2.短文或段落的主题subject；3.中心思想(main idea)；4.作者的写作目的(purpose)。二、此类题的设问方式1.What would be the best title for the text? 2.What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?3.What is the passage mainly about?4.The main purpose of announcing the above events is_.考点三、推理推断。推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，属于深层理解题。此类题的设问常常包括infer,imply,suggest,conclude 等词，这类题的设问方式主要有：1.We can infer from the Passage that_.2.What can be inferred from the Passage?3.Which of the following can be inferred from the Passage?4.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that_.5.The author suggests in this paragraph that_.6.The writer implies that_.7.It can be inferred that_.8.It can be concluded from the Passage that_.9.On the whole,we can conclude that_.10.From the text we can conclude that_.11.After reading the Passage we may conclude that_.12.What conclusion can be drawn from the Passage?13.The author is inclined to think that_.14.When the writer talks about,what he really means is that_.15.Whats the writers attitude/feeling towards.?16.In the writers opinion,.假设题干中有具体线索，根据具体线索找到原文相关句(一句或几句话)，然后做出推理；2.假设题干中无线索，如It can be inferred from the passage that.；It can be concluded from the passage that.等，先浏览一下4个选项，排除不太可能的选项，然后根据最可能的选项中的关键词找到原文相关句，作出推理；3.如果一篇文章中其他题都未涉及文章主旨，那么推理题，如infer,conclude题型，可能与文章主旨有关，考生应该定位到文章主题所在位置(如主题句出现处)；假设其他题已经涉及文章主旨，那么要求推断出来的内容可能与段落主题有关，如果如此，应该找段落主题所在处；如果不与段落主题有关，有时与全文或段落的重要结论有关，这时可以寻找与这些结论相关的原文表达。考点四、词义、句义猜想。词义猜想阅读理解题考查对文中关键词语的理解。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据语境来判断。1.定义法。如:Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.句子给予annealing 以明确的定义，即 “退火。It will be very hard but also very brittlethat is,it will break easily.从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle 是“脆的意思。The herdsman,who looks after sheep，earns about 650 yuan a year.定语从句中 looks after sheep 就说明了 herdsman 的词义为“牧人。2.同位法。如 They traveled a long way and at last got to a castle,a large building in old times.同位语局部a large building in old times 给出了 castle 确实切词义，即“城堡。We are on the night shiftfrom midnight to 8 a.m.this week.两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地说明night shift 是“夜班的意思。3.比照法。如:She is usually prompt for all her class,but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.but一词表转折，因此but 前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是“她今天第一节上了一半才来，因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向“准时的结论。4.构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)。如:Perhaps,we can see some possibilities for next fifty years.But the next hundred?possibility 是 possible 的同根名词,据此可以判断定 possibility 意思是“可能性。5.因果法。如：The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken.Sometimes the weakness was permanent.So the player could never play the sport again.从后面的结果“永远不能再运动中，可以推测 permanent 的意思为“永远的，永久。